• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 1978

탈지대두박(脫脂大豆粕)으로부터 대두유(大豆乳)를 제조(製造)하여 젖산 발효 대두유(大豆乳)의 응고(凝固) 조건(條件)과 효소(酵素) 처리(處理)한 cheese를 숙성(熟成)시키면서 숙성(熟成) 중(中)의 변화(變化)를 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. Streptococcus lactis YUFE L-4를 사용(使用)한 대두유(大豆乳)의 젖산 발효는 다른 탄소원을 가하지 않아도 생육(生育)이 잘되었으므로 $37^{\circ}C$에서 4시간(時間) 동안 대두유(大豆乳)만을 사용(使用)하여 발효 대두유를 제조하였다. 2. $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$와 $CaCl_2$를 응고제로 사용할 경우, 최적응고 농도는 각각 0.0125M, 0.0375M (final concentration)이었다. 3. 응고(凝固) 반응(反應) 시간(時間)검토 결과, $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O,\;CaCl_2$ 모두 30분(分)이 적당하였다. 4. 응고(凝固) 온도(溫度)는 $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$가 $70^{\circ}C$에서 $CaCl_2$가 $50^{\circ}C$에서 최대(最大)의 응고력(凝固力)을 나타내었다. 5. 6주일(週日) 숙성(熟成) 후(後), 최종 수분 함량은 $63{\sim}65%$이었으며 수용성(水溶性) 질소(窒素) 함량(含量)과 10% TCA 가용성(可溶性) 질소(窒素) 함량(含量)은 Mucor rennet을 사용(使用)한 것보다 Asp. saitoi protease를 사용(使用)한 것이 각각 50.5%, 27.5%로 상당히 높게났으나 cheese의 맛, 조직 색깔등을 고려하여 볼 때 Mucor rennet을 사용하는 것이 바람직 하였다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2012

Molds cause severe cheese deterioration, even though some white and blue molds are used for the manufacture of Camembert and Blue cheese, respectively. The species of Geotrichum, Moniliella, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium, Phoma, and Cladosporium are the main fungi that affect contamination during cheese ripening. Once deteriorated by fungal spoilage, cheese becomes toxic and inedible. Fungal deterioration of cheese decreases the nutritional value, flavor profiles, physicochemical and organoleptic properties, and increases toxicity and infectious disease. Fungal contamination during cheese ripening is highly damaging to cheese production in Korean farmstead milk processing companies. Therefore, these companies hesitate to develop natural and ripened cheese varieties. This article discusses the recent and ongoing developments in the removal techniques of fungal contamination during cheese ripening. There are 2 categories of antifungal agents: chemical and natural. Major chemical agents are preservatives (propionic acid, sodium propionate, and calcium propionate) and ethanol. Among the natural agents, grapefruit seed extract, phytoncide, essential oils, and garlic have been investigated as natural antifungal agents. Additionally, some studies have shown that antibiotics such as natamycin and Delvocid$^{(R)}$, have antifungal activities for cheese contaminated with fungi. Microbial resources such as probiotic lactic acid bacteria, Propionibacterium, lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi, and bacteriocin are well known as antifungal agents. In addition, ozonization treatment has been reported to inhibit the growth activity of cheese-contaminating fungi.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2016

Various microflora, including lactic acid bacteria, are important and necessary components of various cheeses and have significant roles in cheese manufacturing and ripening. In general, the starter culture and secondary microflora could affect the physicochemical properties of various cheeses and could contribute to modifications during manufacturing and ripening. Therefore, during cheese manufacturing and ripening, microbial diversity may depend on continuous interactions among microflora and various environmental conditions. The microbial diversity of cheese is very complex and difficult to control using the classical microbiological techniques. However, recent culture-independent methods have been rapidly developed for microflora in cheese, which could be directly detected using DNA (and/or RNA) in combination with culture-dependent methods. Therefore, this review summarizes state-of-the-art molecular methods to analyze microbial communities in order to understand the properties that affect quality and ripening as well as the complex microbial diversity of various raw-milk, long-ripened cheeses.