• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.290-298
• /
• 2002

3차원적으로 잘 충전된 근관은 치근단 누출과 재감염을 방지하며, 조직이 잘 치유될 수 있는 생물학적 환경을 제공해준다. 이 때문에 근관계의 완전한 충전은 근관치료의 중요한 목표 중의 하나이다. 본 연구의 목적은 4가지 방법으로 근관충전 후 디지털 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 근관충전의 질을 평가하고 투명표본을 제작하여 색소침투범위를 측정함으로써, 근관충전방법에 따른 치근단부 폐쇄능을 비교 평가하고자 하는 것이다. 직선형의 단근관을 갖는 80개의 전치를 선택하여 ProFile$^{\circledR}$ 니켈-티타늄 회전식 기구를 사용하여 근관을 성형한 후 무작위로 20개씩 4군으로 나누었다. 사용된 근관충전법은 다음과 같다：MicroSeal$^{\circledR}$(Group A), Thermafil$^{\circledR}$(Group B), Continuous wave 충전법(Group C), 측방가압충전법(Group D), 각 군에서 10개 치아는 Sealapex를, 나머지 10개 치아는 AH26$^{\circledR}$을 충전용 시멘트로 사용하였다. 근관충전이 끝난 치아는 충전의 질과 길이를 평가하기 위해, 근원심과 협설방향으로 디지털 방사선 사진을 이용하여 촬영하였다. 각 치아의 치근단부 2mm를 제외한 나머지 부위는 두겹의 nail varnish를 바르고, 2% methlylene blue용액에 48시간동안 침잠시켰다. 흐르는 물에 깨끗이 세척한 후, 투명치아를 만들었다. 선상의 색소침투를 관찰하고 치관측 최대깊이를 입체현미경하에서 40배율로 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 충전방법에 따른 근단부 폐쇄효과를 비교시, 실험군 모두 비교적 양호한 근단부 폐쇄효과를 보였고 통계학적으로 유의성이 없었다. 2. 충전용 시멘트에 따른 근단부 폐쇄효과를 비교시, AH26$^{\circledR}$을 사용한 군에서 Sealapex를 사용한 군보다 더 적은 색소침 투를 나타냈다(p<0.05). MicroSeal$^{\circledR}$을 이용한 실험 1군내에서 AH26$^{\circledR}$을 사용하였을 때 미세누출이 더 적었고(p<0.05), 다른 군내에서는 통계학적으로 유의성이 없었다. 3. 근단부 충전상태에 따른 미세누출 비교시, 저충전, 과충전과 색소침투간에는 상관관계가 없었다. 4.충전방법에 따른 근단부 충전상태 평가시, Thermafil$^{\circledR}$을 이용한 실험 2군에서 과충전이 많이 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로, 기존의 측방가압법 및 여러 열가소성 충전법이 유사한 근단부 폐쇄효과를 나타낸 바, 방법에 따른 술자의 숙련도, 충전시간, 재근관치료의 편이성 등을 고려하여 근관충전방법을 선택하는 것이 합리적일 것이라고 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.143-160
• /
• 2002

타이태늄은 뛰어난 생체적합성과 적절한 물리적 성질을 바탕으로 치과 및 정형외과 영역의 매식재로 널리사용되어져 왔으며, 골과 매식재 사이의 골 융합 정도를 증가시킬 목적으로 물리, 화학적인 방법을 이용한 타이태늄의 표면처리에 관한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 최근에는 부착단백질 또는 성장인자를 이용한 생체재료의 표면개질을 통하여 조직적합성 및 치유 능의 개선을 위한 시도들이 있어왔다. Fibronectin(FN)은 주요 세포외기질중의 하나로 생체 내 널리 분포하여 세포의 부착, 이동 및 증식에 관여하는 거대 당단백으로, RGD및 PHSRN 펩타이드 서열이 세포의 인테그린과 결합하여 세포의 활성을 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구에서는 FN으로 처리된 타이태늄이 조골세포의 부착, 증식 및 분화에 미치는 영향과 이에 따른 석회화 정도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 부착분자를 이용한 타이태늄 표면개질의 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 상업용 순수 타이태늄을 gold thiol법을 이용하여 표면처리 후, 혈장 FN(plasma FN, pFN)과 유전자재조합법을 이용하여 얻은 FN조각(FN type III 7-10, FNIII 7-10)을 피복한 시편을 실험군으로, 아무런 처리를 하지 않은것(smooth surface, SS)과 산 부식(Sandblasted and acid etched, SLA)처리된것을 대조군으로 이용하였다. 배양된 조골세포주(MC3T3-E1)를 사용하여 타이태늄 표면 처리에 따른 세포의 증식, 형태변화, 알칼리성 인산분해효소(ALPase) 생산 및 세포면역형광법을 이용한 분화정도를 시간 경과에 따라 관찰하였다. 조골세포증식의 경우 FNIII 7-10 처리군에서 pFN 처리군 및 대조군에 비해 시간경과에 따라 유의성있는 세포수의 증식이 관찰되었으며(p<0.05), ALPase 생성의 경우에도 FNIII 7-10 처리 군에서 아무 처리도 하지 않은 군에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 효소의 생성이 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 주사전자현미경을 이용한 세포의 형태관찰결과 아무 처리도 하지 않은 군에서는 마름모형태를 나타내었으며, 산 부식 처리된 군에서는 세포가 가시모양의 형태를 보인 반면 FN으로 처리된 두 군에서는 세포의 부착 및 펴짐이 매우 발달되어 있는 모습이 관찰되었다. 세포의 분화정도를 관찰하기 위하여 국소부착키나제(focal adhesion kinase, FAK), 및 actin stress fiber의 분포양상을 세포면역형광법을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 FN으로 표면처리된 두 군에서 아무런 처리도 하지않은 군 및 산 부식처리 한 군에 비해 프라크의 발현이 높게 나타났으며 잘 발달된 actin stress fiber의 소견을 나타내었다. 이 실험의 결과들은 gold thiol 법을 이용한 표면처리 후 FN부착을 통한 타이태늄의 표면개질이 조골세포의 부착, 증식 및 분화에 중요한 역할을 담당하여 석회화 정도를 촉진시키는 것을 보여주었으며, 이런 결과들은 더 짧은 FN조각을 이용한 다른 생체재료의 표면개질에 폭 넓게 응용할 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.61-73
• /
• 2004

In this study, I have analyzed domestic dental clinics which had introduced CRM for customer satisfaction management. The purpose of this study is to provide information for designing efficient CRM. I would suggest some strategies to carry out CRM as followed. First, promote long-term relationship with customers. Second, select a target patient group and classify customers. Third, set a systematic database up. Fourth, make various channels to communicate with customers. In addition, the following ways are essential to be successful in implementing CRM. First, strengthen the service provided at the Moment of Truth (MOT). Second, organize learning in hospital and all the staff should be customer-oriented. Third, perform systematic "internal marketing".

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.304-310
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the effect of curing treatment using a newly developed simplified curing unit (SCU) on the physicochemical quality of stored sweet potatoes was investigated for six months. The SCU consisting of a heater, an air circulation fan, exhaust fans, and a humidifying duct was installed in a cold storage room where the harvested sweet potatoes were stacked. During the six days of curing treatment, air temperature and relative humidity in the storage room were set at $32^{\circ}C$ and 90%, respectively. Physical and chemical properties of sweet potatoes were measured at 1-month intervals from the first day of storage. McKinney index showing the incidence and severity of decay was 0.83% in the curing treatment, while that of untreated control was 5.08% over the same storing period. Firmness, soluble solids content, and dry matter content in the cured sweet potatoes were greater than those of untreated control. Moreover, the changes of skin color in uncured potatoes occurred rapidly than cured one which showed delay of skin discoloration during the long-term storage. Results suggest that the SCU treatment improves the physicochemical quality of stored sweet potatoes and extends their storability. Therefore, the SCU can be effectively used for curing treatment of sweet potatoes with a relatively low cost.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2004

In the human skin, vitamin C (L -ascorbic acid) that is well known as the activated materials has effects that is skin anti-aging and wrinkle repair by giving impetus to collagen biosynthesis and anti-oxidation, and that is the sun screen, a wound recovering, inhibition melanogenesis and so on. In spite of its effects, vitamin C has the defects of the skin stimulation and easily oxidized instability by water, air, heat and light. For solving their matters, many investigation is advanced and its results are synthesized the various vitamin C derivatives. And yet they have not solved the unstable property of vitamin C and were still insufficient for the comparing with the effect of the pure vitamin C itself. In this study, in order to prepare vitamin C derivative of being improved the stability and to apply vitamin C effect in the skin, we prepared new vitamin C derivative, phytosphingosine ascorbate, by using phytosphingosine, one of sphingolipids, which have a distinguished skin affinity. Phytosphingosine ascorbate can be prepared as the ionic bond between amine group (-NH$_2$) of phytosphingosine and hydroxy group (-OH) of vitamin C by way of the relatively simple reaction. So the structure and properties of the synthesized phytosphingosine ascorbate was confirmed the use of elemental analysis (C 58.3 : H 9.3 : N 2.8 : O 29.5), MALDI TOF-MS (Mw=492.58), Ultraviolet spectra (268.5nm), lH NMR, FT-IR spectra, thermal analysis (m.p=l54$^{\circ}C$), HPLC and so on. And we could confirm the anti-bacterial and anti-oxidation effects. Based on these results, we could confirm to prepare a new material that was expected of both effects of vitamin C and phytosphingosine and that is improved properties of vitamin C.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.16-29
• /
• 1991

The occurrence of thrombotic occlusion & endothelial injuries at the site of anastomosis have been considered as major problems in microvascular surgery. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether a end-in-end(sleeve, telescope) anastomosis compared favorably with end-to-end anastomosis in healing procedures on the endothelium and to study the possibility of clinical application in end-in-end method. The microvascular anastomoses have been performed with end-in-end method in the femoral arteries of 20 rats group, also with end-to-end method on the same arteries of another 20 rats group, and then the four anastomosed vessels in subdivided groups on each group were taken after period of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days following by anastomoses for scanning electron microscope observation. The results were as following: 1. The patency rate was 90% in the end-in-end group and 85%in the end-to-end group and late thrombus occurred at 7, 14 days on both groups, which suggested -consistent monitoring of patency was required for two weeks at least. 2. Platelet aggregates at the site of anastomosis began to organize on post-operation 3 days and in the end-in-end group, the initially decreased lumen of inserted vessel was gradually increasing on 7 days due to atrophy of the medial layers. 3. Re-endothelialization was completed between 7 and 14 days in end-in-end group, whereas between 14 and 21 days in end-to-end group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2013

It was just over 20 years ago that the victim who had been seen as the forgotten man in criminal justice system for a long time started to participate in criminal proceedings and state his opinion. Other countries such as America and Japan provide crime victims with the opportunity to state freely about facts of damage as well as their opinions in criminal proceedings at present. However, Korea gives the victim the right of statement as a witness, though the statement of crime victim's opinion is the constitutional right. That is, as crime victims are not free from perjury they cannot actively state their views. Meanwhile, if the freedom of crime victims' statement is guaranteed in law and victims can state opinions with their own voice, victims' statement of opinion will help the victims treat and relieve their psychological damages. For these reasons, it is desirable that Korea, like the U.S. and Japan, gives crime victims the right to state their opinion without fear of perjury in criminal proceedings not as witnesses but as the aggrieved party.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.58 no.6
• /
• pp.607-613
• /
• 2005

Background : Early death is an important problem associated with the management of community-acquired pneumonia. However, there is little information on the risk factors associated with it. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with early death in community-acquired pneumonia patients. Methods : From January 1999 to July 2004, 1,487 adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were admitted to the pulmonary department via emergency center were examined. Early death was defined as those who died within 2 days of hospitalization. The clinical and laboratory aspects of the patients who died early (n = 30) were compared with those of an age and gender matched control population (n = 60). Results : In the early death group, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significant higher (p < 0.05 for all), while the arterial pH, systolic pressure, and $PaO_2$ were significant lower (p < 0.05 for all) than the control. The independent factor significantly associated with early death was tachypnea (OR, 7.049). Conclusion : The importance of an early clinical assessment in emergency center with community-acquired pneumonia needs to be emphasized in order to recognize patients at risk of early death.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2016

The effects of aroma mixed oil with Chamomile, Lavender and Sandalwood on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice were examined. The NC/Nga mice were divided into BMAC group, FK 506 Oinment (Tacrolimus Hydrate) group, and CLS group to get curative power of CLS. The amount of total IgE and IgG1 was measured and the severity of atopic dermatitis was assessed by the scoring procedure in NC/Nga mice. Topically applied CLS significantly suppressed the level of serum IgE and IgG1 in NC/Nga mice and FK506, used as reference drugs for atopic dermatitis, also exhibited suppressive effects against level of IgE and IgG1. The level of IgE was lower in the CLS group than in the FK506 group while the serum IgG1 level in the FK506 group was lower than in the CLS group. The treatment with FK506 and CLS reduced the skin inflammation index, especially the severity degree of atopic dermatitis in the skin lesioned NC/Nga mice by naked eyes was improved by treatment of FK506 and CLS. The results suggest that treatment of CLS in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis have an beneficial therapeutic effects on reducing the level of IgE and IgG1 and accelerating repair of skin lesion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.1139-1145
• /
• 2010

This thesis tried applying Ayurvedic hair and scalp care program and analyzing its effect. Ayurvedic treatment strengthens our immunity through natural healing power. I measured with MIC test and Halo test in order to examine the antibacterial efficacy against colonies which reside in head, when Ayurvedic base oils and essential oils were used on hair and scalp. Finally, I reached the results as follows. I examined the antibacterial efficacy of base oils and essential oils against Bacillus subtilis and Propionibacterium acnes, based on the MIC test with 9 kinds of base oil and 18 kinds of essential oil. By way of experiment, base oils did not show the antibacterial efficacy from all colonies, and in case of essential oils, such as Chamomile, Clary sage, Jasmine, Neroli and Rose oil, the antibacterial efficacy against two colonies did not appear by the measure of below 5%. It turned out that Thyme, Geranium, Lavender and Tea tree had an high effect on two colonies. According to the Halo test which experimented on 7 kinds of bacteria with the essential oils like Geranium, Lavender and Thyme and with the base oils like Sesame and Coconut, it went to prove that base oils was inefficient on antibiosis. It was examined that all of essential oils had the effect on antibiosis from 7 kinds of bacteria. Thyme showed the best efficacy of antibiosis in the MIC and the Halo test.