• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2006

Music plays significant roles in the process of human development. The requirement in each process of development can be encouraged by children's participating in various musical activity and so the musical circumstance can make an important factor. Acknowledging that, there were some attempts to use music as a means of treatment or education for children. The subjects of clinic studies in music therapy, especially in Korea, have mainly been children with delay or disability in development. The purpose of this article is focused on collecting and analyzing articles which are written about children who are the main subjects of clinic studies. By collecting and analyzing those articles, the tendency of domestic studies about music therapy concerned with children can be widely examined. Ninety thesis about music therapy related with normal and disabled children have been collected and analyzed considering the subjects, methods, fields of the studies and musical intervention. The conclusions are the same with followings. First, considering the subjects, the studies on children with disabilities are more than normal children and the studies on autistic children occupy the largest portion of them Recently the studies on normal children have been increased as well as the studies on children with disability. Second, for the methods1 experimental studies have been performed more widely than descriptive studies. Third, considering the fields of development, the studies on the social field occupies the largest part of all and they are followed by emotion, language and communication, cognition in turn. Last, in case of musical intervention, it is clear that musical intervention is more used as forms of singing songs and playing instruments than special skills of music. Through this article, the achievements and shortcomings in this territory could be possibly shown at the same time. Moreover, the direction which it has to move toward could be shown.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2019

This pilot study involved a single session of song-based music therapy to relieve the anxiety of intensive care unit (ICU) caregivers. Six caregivers of ICU patients participated in the intervention session individually. During the initial stage of the intervention, the participants' current emotional states were identified. Then they listened to familiar songs and playing a tone chime, which was intended to help them relax their body and reduce their psychological resistance. During singing experiences as an essential part of the intervention, the participants discussed the lyrics of songs in an attempt to find the meaning related to them. Also, they sang the songs with a live accompaniment in which their emotional states were reflected with changes in musical elements (e.g., tempo, dynamics, rhythm, or chords). In the final stage, they identified personal application to their everyday lives. To analyze the results, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and a visual analog scale on emotional states were completed by participants before and after the session, and participants' verbal responses during the session were also recorded. According to the results, STAI anxiety scores significantly declined following the session. Also, they showed significant increases in positive emotions and significant decreases in negative emotions. This suggests that short-term music therapy can be an effective intervention for relieving the psychological distress of ICU caregivers.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to investigate the musical activities and musical preference according to coping strategy of university students. The survey was conducted to 200 students and the data of 168 was analysed. The results of the research are as follows. First, the number of problem-solving coping was the highest, and the number of emotional-alleviate coping was the lowest. And coping strategy between male and female student showed a significant difference. Second, music listening was the most preferred activity. There was a significant difference in the most preferred activity between male and female students, also between active and inactive coping strategy. However, the most doing activity between music major students and non-music major students showed a significant difference. In addition, there was a significant differences in the purpose of playing instruments between male and female students and among academic year. Third, Korean-pop was the most preferred genre. Result showed a significant difference in preferred musical elements between male and female students. There were genre, melody, loudness, and theme of lyric. Meanwhile, preferred musical elements between active and inactive coping strategy showed a statistical differences. There were rhythm, timbre, and medium of listening. Finally, there were statistical differences in the preferred harmony and familiarity between music major students and non-music major students.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-39
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• 2008

This study aims to decrease aggressiveness and anger of neglected children through anger-control music program. In this study, 4 neglected children were provided with 15 anger-control music programs for 30 minutes twice a week. Based on anger-control program, song writing and music therapy such as playing musical instruments were applied to the children according to the objective of each stage of the program. The changes in aggressiveness and anger were measured, and the behaviors of the participants during the musical activity were analysed. According to the analysis of the data, the anger-control music program proved to be effective in reducing aggressiveness and anger of the neglected children. What this result means is that the neglected children, who lack social skills and confidence, are able to express their emotions without difficulty and anxiety by playing musical instruments and singing songs.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-68
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of music by international college students in Korea. A questionnaire was administered to foreign college students. The questionnaire was composed of 25 items regarding use of music, the purpose of music use, and demographic information. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, and 81 questionnaires were returned. Incomplete questionnaires were excluded, and the remaining 69 questionnaires were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows. First, international students in Korea preferred listening to music over playing instruments or singing and mostly listened to popular music in their dormitory alone. They mostly listened to popular songs with love related themes and preferred music from their own country over Korean music. Second, in terms of the purpose behind music use, comfort was the reason reported most frequently, followed by mood change, enjoyment, sense of belonging, and sense of achievement. Third, there were no significant differences in use of music depending on individual factors (e.g., gender, length of residence in Korea, length of previous music education), but significant differences were found for using music for the purpose of mood change and sense of belonging based on respondents' length of residence in Korea. The results of this study may contribute to the development of musical programs for cultural adaptation and psycho-emotional support for international students in Korea.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-80
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to improve the self-expression of children through Orff activities. In this study, three (3) children from D day care center in Seoul who demonstrated withdrawn behaviors were chosen as research subjects, based on a self-expression test score of 50 points. The activities were conducted for 6 weeks, totaling fourteen (14) sessions, with each session being scheduled for forty (40) minutes. Across 14 sessions, the researcher conducted, analyzed and compared the self-expression scale of subjects, measured during the third and the last session. The researcher then qualitatively analyzed verbal and non-verbal self-expression behaviors of subjects by video recording the session. The analysis results shown by the study are as follows. First, the results of a quantitative analysis of the self-expression scale showed significant changes in self expression. Furthermore, the results of a qualitative analysis of verbal self-expression showed positive changes in self-perception and an increase in feelings of independence and activity than that of initial sessions.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-71
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• 2004

Students with learning disability have difficulty with attention and academic achievement Music can be an effective tool to enhance level of participation. The purpose of this study is to examine how much can be structured to enhance the attention span and related academic skills needed to achieve educational goals. The study has implemented structured music therapy sessions for three middle school students with learning disability. They participated in 20 sessions which were 30 minutes in length for ten weeks. The implemented music therapy sessions were designed using songs, playing, and listening to music. In order to test their level of attention, Frankfurter Aufmerksamkeits-Inventar(FAIR) Attention Test is implemented and Conners' Comprehensive Teacher's Rating Scale(CTRS-10) are used on the week before and after music activities. Also videotaping is used so as to analyze how correctly they do their task and how the correctness is changed period by period and to evaluate how often for ten minutes they make an eye contact with their teacher. The conclusions of this study are as follows: Firstly, the organized music activities have a positive affection on improving the attention of three middle school students who have learning disabilities. Fair Attention Test shows that they can do their task with more accuracy than in the previous period. Secondly, three students of this study improved their attention and made an eye contact more often than before this study, which is revealed through the analysis of the pre and post test results evaluated by CTRS-10. The results of the study indicate that structured use of music in various level of activities can help students to enhance attention span and the related academic skills.