• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of the gradient switching noise on the ECD source localization with the EEG data recorded during the MRI scan. Materials and Methods : We have fabricated a spherical EEG phantom that emulates a human head on which multiple electrodes are attached. Inside the phantom, electric current dipole(ECD) sources are located to evaluate the source localization error. The EEG phantom was placed in the center of the whole-body 3.0 Tesla MRI magnet, and a sinusoidal current was fed to the ECD sources. With an MRI-compatible EEG measurement system, we recorded the multi channel electric potential signals during gradient echo single-shot EPI scans. To evaluate the effect of the gradient switching noise on the ECD source localization, we controlled the gradient noise level by changing the FOV of the EPI scan. With the measured potential signals, we have performed the ECD source localization. Results : The source localization error depends on the gradient switching noise level and the ECD source position. The gradient switching noise has much bigger negative effects on the source localization than the Gaussian noise. We have found that the ECD source localization works reasonably when the gradient switching noise power is smaller than $10\%$ of the EEG signal power. Conclusion : We think that the results of the present study can be used as a guideline to determine the degree of gradient switching noise suppression in EEG when the EEG data are to be used to enhance the performance of fMRI.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.348-355
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• 2024

A current source capable of stably supplying current as a measurement medium is required in order to measure and test important facilities that require large-scale measurement current, such as a control element drive mechanism control system(CEDMCS), in case of dismantling a nuclear power plant. However, it can provides only voltage power as a source, not current, although direct voltage controlled constant current source is essential to test major equipment. That kind of source is not available to supply stable constant current regardless of load variation. It is just voltage supplier. Developing current source is not easy other than voltage source. Very large-scale current source up to ampere class more than such ten times of normal current is inevitable to test above mentioned equipment. So, we developed large-scale current source which is controlled by input DC voltage and supplies constant stable current to object equipment according to this requirement. We measured and tested nuclear power plant equipment using given real site data for a long time and afforded long period load test, and then proved its validity and verification. The developed invetion will be used future installed important equipment measuring and testing.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.459-464
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• 2003

The source current distribution in a heart was reconstructed from the magnetocardiogram (MCG) and its clinical usefulness was demonstrated. MCG was measured using 40-channel superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) gradiometers for a patient of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, which has an accessory pathway between the atria and the ventricles. Reconstruction of source current distribution in a plane below the chest surface was performed using minimum norm estimation (MNE) algorithm and truncated singular value decomposition (SVD), In the simulation, we confirmed that the current distributions. which were computed for the test dipoles, represented well the essential feature of the test current configurations, In the current map of WPW syndrome, we observed abnormal currents that would bypass the atrioventricular junction at a delta wave. However, we could not observe such currents any more after the surgery. These results showed that the obtained current distribution using MCG signals is consistent with the electrical activity in a heart and has clinical usefulness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.542-548
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• 2001

A robust, accurate, broad-band, alternating current sensor using fiber-optics is being developed as a part of optical over current protection relay system. The sensor uses the Faraday effect in optical fiber and polarimetric measurements tc sense electrical current. The current sensing coil consists of a length of twisted optical fiber and Faraday rotator mirror to suppress the linear birefringence effect. Due to its single-ended closed path structure, it can not only be easily installed to the target with great isolation from other fields in the vicinity, but the sensitivity can be increased by using multiple turns. This paper reports on the theoretical backgrounds of the sensor design and the preliminary experimental results.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.10 s.352
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

We developed a constant current source which is insensitive to threshold voltage variation caused by irregular grain boundary distribution in polycrystalline silicon. The proposed current source has superior saturation characteristics over wide range of input voltages as well as small current error compared to the previously reported Vth compensated sources. We measured the circuit performance and error in current due to parameter variation by using HSPICE.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.515-517
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• 2004

현재 배전선로는 4가지 접지종별을 준용하여 피뢰기, 가공지선, 변압기, 기기류, 중성선 둥을 접지시공하고 있다. 또한 규정된 접지저항값에 따라 접지전극을 시공하고 2년에 1회 주기적으로 접지저항값을 측정하고 관리하고 있다. 현재 접지저항값의 측정에는 휴대가 간편하고 측정이 용이한 HOOK-ON 접지저항계가 주로 이용되고 있다. 그러나 HOOK-ON 접지저항계는 $\pm$5[\%]$정도의 측정오차 뿐만 아니라 측정선 전류가 1[A]를 초과하는 경우 변류용 철심이 포화되어 측정이 어렵다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 HOOK-ON 측정기법의 단점을 보완하여 다중접지 배전계통에서 부하 불평형 및 고조파 둥에 의해 발생하는 접지선 누설전류를 전류원으로 이용하는 접지전극의 접지저항을 측정하는 새로운 측정기법을 제안하였다. 또한 이를 실제 배전계통에 적용하여 전위강하법을 이용하여 측정한 접지저항값과 비교하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2012

압력 $10^{-9}$ Torr 이하의 초고진공(ultrahigh vacuum) 영역에서의 압력 측정에는 수 mA의 열전자로 잔류 가스를 이온화시켜 그 이온 전류를 측정하는 이온게이지를 주로 사용한다. 압력이 $10^{-12}$ Torr영역 이하인 극고진공(extreme high vacuum: XHV) 영역에 진입하면, ESD (electron stimulated desorption) 효과 등에 의한 이온 게이지 자체의 가스방출률이 커져 정확한 압력 측정이 곤란해 진다. 극고진공 영역에서 이온 게이지는 수 와트(W) 이상의 전력을 사용하여 수 mA의 열전자를 방출시키나, 신호인 이온 전류의 양은 1pA 이하이기 때문에 열전자에 의해 발생되는 백그라운드 전류에 묻혀 신호 전류가 측정되지 않는다고 할 수 있다. 100 nm 이하의 곡률을 가진 뾰족한 금속 탐침에 강한 전기장을 걸어주면 고체 내부의 전자가 터널링 효과에 의해 진공 중으로 방출되며, 이를 전계방출(Field Electron Emission) 효과라 부른다. 전계 방출 전류량은 탐침 표면의 일함수에 의존하며, 일함수가 클수록 지수함수 적으로 감소한다. 금속 표면에 진공 중의 잔류 가스가 부착하면 일함수가 증가한다. 가열에 의해 전계방출 탐침의 표면을 세정한 후에 전자 빔을 방출 시키면, 표면에 가스 분자가 흡착하여 방출 전류량은 점점 감소한다. 감소 속도는 압력에 비례하며, W(310) 탐침의 경우 $10^{-10}$ Torr 영역에서는 수분만에 최초 전류값의 1% 이하로 감소한다. 전계방출 전류의 감소속도가 압력에 비례하는 현상을 이용하여 압력을 측정하였다. Extractor Ionization Gauge 측정값 $5{\times}10^{-12}-3{\times}10^{-10}$ Torr의 범위에서 (111) 방향으로 정렬된 텅스텐 단결정 탐침을 사용하여 방출전류의 로그값을 시간의 함수로 semilog그래프를 그리면, 그래프는 직선을 그리며 그 기울기가 압력에 비례함을 알 수 있었다. 기울기 값과 게이지 측정값은 $10^{-11}{\sim}10^{-10}$ Torr 영역에서 거의 완벽한 비례관계를 보여주었으나, $10^{-12}$ Torr 영역에서 게이지 측정값은 기울기 값에서 추출한 압력치보다 높은 값을 보여주었으며, 이는 게이지 백그라운드 전류에 의한 차이라고 생각된다. W (310) 탐침의 방출전류는 그 감소속도가 W (111) 탐침과 마찬가지로 압력에 비례하였으나, 전류-시간 그래프는 가열 세정 직후에 전류가 거의 감소하지 않는 $2{\times}10^{-10}$ Torr에서 약 10분간 지속되는 '안정 영역'이 존재함을 보여주었다. '안정 영역'은 $10^{-11}$ Torr 영역에서는 수십분, $10^{-12}$ Torr 영역에서는 수시간 이상으로 증가하였다. 초-극고진공 영역에서의 잔류가스 주성분인 수소에서 물, 일산화탄소등의 가스로 바뀌면 '안정 영역'은 사라졌고, 이는 '안정 영역'이 수소 흡착에 의해서만 나타나는 고유 현상임을 말해준다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.105-106
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• 2008

전파의 이응분야의 증가와 사용되는 파워의 증가 따라 전자파에 의한 전류영향을 정밀도 있게 측정하는 방법들이 필요로 하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 고주파 대역에서 도체 구에 유기되는 포면 전류량을 측정하여 이론치와 비교 하였다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.575-580
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• 2004

In this work, a method is presented to find an anatomical site of a current source crudely in a standard brain using grand average of MEG data. Minimum norm estimation algorithm and truncated singular value decomposition were applied to calculate the distributed sources that can reproduce the measured signals. Grand average over all subjects was obtained from the transformed signals, which would be detected in a standard sensor plane by the obtained distributed current sources. In the simulation study, it was shown that the localized dipole using the grand average is consistent with the mean location of localized dipoles of all subjects within several mm even with large inter-individual differences of sensor positions. This result suggests that the mean location of low level signal source can be estimated as a dipole source in grand average and it was confirmed in the localization of the current source of N100m. when the localized dipole is registered on a standard brain. This result also suggests that the activity region obtained from grand average can be crudely estimated on a standard brain using the source location of the N100m as a reference point.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 2000

This paper presents the method for an estimation of discharge current waveshapes in short gap discharge by radiated electromagnetic fields. The method of current waveform estimation described is using the one antenna method(single field method) and two antennal method(complex field method) with a measured electric or magnetic fields at given field point by a time domain antenna. In order to verify the availability of the estimation theory, the discharge current waveshape estimation was performed by one and two antenna methods using the measured electric fields of Wilson & Ma and compared with experiments.