• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

This study was conducted to verify the relationships among the image of middle-low price chain hotels, service quality, consumption value, and customer emotion by using the AMOS 22.0 statistic package program. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods employed for identifying the formulated hypothesis model. According to results, first, it is seen that the image of middle-low price chain hotels has positive effect on the service quality. Second, the image of middle-low price chain hotels has positive effect on the consumption value, and the consumption value has positive effect on the service quality. Third, the service quality does not have positive effect on the customer emotion. Last, the image of middle-low price chain hotels has positive effect on the customer emotion. In this study, we attempted to establish the management strategy device of middle-low price chain hotels by analyzing how the image of middle-low price chain hotels affect the service quality, consumption value, and customer emotion. As a result, when it comes to the service quality according to the image of middle-low price chain hotels, the conviction, in other words, the belief of the hotel staffs was the biggest one. In addition, when it comes to the consumption value according to the image of middle-low price chain hotels, the functional value, the kind service of the hotel staffs was seen as the highest satisfaction. More practical and theoretical implications for developing marketing strategy in context of middle-low price chain hotels has been suggested in conclusions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.86-96
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• 2015

According to previous research, the reason why Design-Build(hereinafter "DB") outperforms Design-Bid-Build(hereinafter "DBB") in terms of cost is due to less change orders(hereinafter "COs"). However, if biddropping was low for DBB resulting into increasing COs, then it would be wrong to conclude that DB is superior due to less COs. Therefore, in order to confirm such misjudgment, the attempt to comprehensively analyze biddropping, COs and delivery method was made as previous methods had analyzed either the relationship between delivery method and COs, or biddropping and COs. This research uses path analysis, which simultaneously compares effect sizes on COs according to delivery method and biddropping based on the project type, and validated the mediator effect. The research proved that DB outperforms DBB due to less COs cannot be validated as biddropping caused a mediator effect by intervening between the delivery method and COs for specific project types. Therefore, the mechanism of delivery method acts on COs through biddropping was established. Also, the identity of biddropping was investigated in a different perspective from previous research. Based on this result, this research is expected to help determine a delivery method by considering the mediator effect of specific projects and evaluate performance.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.110-123
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• 2019

Traffic data is the most basic element necessary for transportation planning and traffic system operation. Recently, a method of estimating traffic flow characteristics using distance to a leading vehicle measured by an ADAS camera has been attempted. This study investigated the feasibility of the ADAS vehicle reflecting the distance error of image-based vehicle identification technology as a means to estimate the traffic flow through the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) based on the number of lanes, traffic demand, penetration rate of probe vehicle, and time-space estimation area by employing the microscopic simulation model, VISSIM. As a result, the estimate of low density traffic flow (i.e., LOS A, LOS B) is unreliable due to the limitation of the maximum identification distance of ADAS camera. Although the reliability of the estimates can be improved if multiple lanes, high traffic demands, and high penetration rates are implemented, artificially raising the penetration rates is unrealistic. Their reliability can be improved by extending the time dimension of the estimation area as well, but the most influential one is the driving behavior of the ADAS vehicle. In conclusion, although it is not possible to accurately estimate the traffic flow with the ADAS camera, its applicability will be expanded by improving its performance and functions.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.632-647
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• 2007

Lots of geographic phenomena have dynamic spatial patterns with time changes, and there have been lots of researches on exploring these dynamic spatial patterns. However, most of these researches focused on the static pattern analysis in a given period, rather than dealing with dynamic changes in the spatial pattern over time with the continual or cumulative perspective. For this reason, investigation of the inertia of spatial process in terms of temporal changes is needed. From this background, the purpose of this paper is to propose the methodology to explore the changes in spatial pattern cumulatively by considering the inertia of the spatial statistics over time, and to apply it to the case study That is, we introduce the new spatial statistic, and produce the z-values of the statistic using Monte Carlo Simulation, and then to explore the changes in spatial patterns over time cumulatively. To do this, the method to combine the J statistic with CUSUM statistic for exploring spatial patterns, and to apply it to the changes in the commercial landuse in Erie County, New York State. Through the proposed method for spatio-temporal Patterns, we could explore continual changes effectively in the spatial patterns reflecting the statistics by temporal spot cumulatively.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.209-220
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• 2003

Modification of general Hoek and Brown criterion is carried out to estimate the shaft resistance of drilled shaft socketed into rock mass. Since the general Hoek-Brown criterion can consider the in-situ state of the rock mass, the proposed method, estimating the unit shaft resistance of drilled shafts based on the Hoek-Brown criterion, has increased flexibility compared to other methods exclusively considering uniaxial compressive strength of intact rocks. The proposed method can form the upper and lower bounds, and most culled data (from 21 pile load tests) from the literature can be found between these two bounds. A comparison between the estimated and observed unit shaft resistances shows quite a good correlation even with crude assumptions for the input parameters. The best-fit line drawn from this analysis shows that at the lower strength of intact rocks (up to 10MPa), Horvath and Kenney's equation shows a good correlation with the measured values, and fur strong rocks Rosenberg and Journeaux's equation provides a close estimation with colleted data. The results of parametric studies for GSI and confining stress show that the normalized unit shaft resistance increases with these two factors. In addition, coefficient of the equational form of the estimation can vary with GSI and confining stresses.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of soil grain size and its distribution on soil-water characteristic. To do this, soil-water characteristic tests were conducted on Saemangeum silt using the axis translation technique. For comparison, the test was also conducted on Jumunjin sand. Using the test results, the soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) of Saemangeum silt and Jumunjin sand were predicted by Van Genuchten model. By comparison and analysis between two SWCCs, the silt shows higher values of matric suction, water content, and air entry value than the sand. On the other hand, the sand has higher values of Van Genuchten model parameters of ${\alpha}$, $n$, $m$ than the silt. It indicates that the SWCC is significantly dependent on the structure of soils. In other words, if a soil has relatively high grain size and poor grain size distribution curve, the values of saturated volumetric water content, residual volumetric water content, and air entry value are small, and the variation of volumetric water content is high in accordance with the matric suction variation, and consequently it shows a narrow range of funicular region.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.6 s.96
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• pp.819-825
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• 2006

The objective of the present study is to verify the validity of a new truss model for evaluating the contribution by arch action to shear resistance in shear-critical reinforced concrete beams. The new truss model is based on the relationship between shear and bending moment in a beam subjected to combined shear and bending. The compatibility condition of the shear deformation that deviates from Bernoulli bending plane is formulated utilizing the smeared truss idealization with an inclined compression chord. The Modified Compression Filed Theory is employed to calculate the shear deformation of the web, and the relative axial displacements of the compression and the tension chord by the shear flow are also calculated. From this shear compatibility condition in a beam, the shear contribution by the arch action is numerically decoupled. Then the validity of the model is examined by applying the model to some selected test beams in literatures. On the basis of the analytical results, the contribution by the web to shear resistance can be constant and have an excellent linear correlation with the web reinforcement ratio. The present decoupling approach may provide a simple way for the assessment of the role of each parameter or mechanism that affects the ultimate shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.101-109
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• 2009

Generally, depth cache and pixel cache of 3D graphics are designed by using write-back scheme for efficient use of memory bandwidth. Also, there are write after read operations of same address or only write operations are occurred frequently in 3D graphics cache. If a cache miss is detected, an access to the external memory for write back operation and another access to the memory for handling the cache miss are operated simultaneously. So on frequent cache miss situations, as the memory access bandwidth limited, the access time of the external memory will be increased due to memory bottleneck problem. As a result, the total performance of the processor or the IP will be decreased, also the problem will increase peak power consumption. So in this paper, we proposed a novel early write back cache architecture so as to solve the problems issued above. The proposed architecture controls the point when to access the external memory as to copy the valid data block. And this architecture can improve the cache performance with same hit ratio and same capacity cache. As a result, the proposed architecture can solve the memory bottleneck problem by preventing intensive memory accesses. We have evaluated the new proposed architecture on 3D graphics z cache and pixel cache on a SoC environment where ARM11, 3D graphic accelerator and various IPs are embedded. The simulation results indicated that there were maximum 75% of performance increase when using various simulation vectors.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.771-777
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• 2008

In this paper, a frequency doubler using modified time-delay technique is proposed. A voltage controlled delay line (VCDL) in the proposed frequency doubler compensates the group delay time mismatching between input and delayed signal. With the group delay time matching and waveform shaping using the adjustable Schmitt triggers, the unwanted fundamental component($f_0$) and the higher order harmonics such as third and fourth are diminished excellently. In result, only the doubled frequency component($2f_0$) appears dominantly at the output port. The frequency doubler is designed at 1.15 GHz of $f_0$ and fabricated with TSMC $0.18\;{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The measured output power at $2f_0$ is 2.67 dBm when the input power is 0 dBm. The obtained suppression ratio of $f_0,\;3f_0$, and $4f_0$ to $2f_0$ are 43.65, 38.65 and 35.59 dB, respectively.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of cerebral response to motor tasks in patients with schizophrenia compared with normal subjects using functional MRI. Materials and methods ; Nine right handed-schizophrenic patients and six right-handed normal subjects were included. We used right hand movement as task. Series of 120 consecutive echo-planar images per section were acquired during three cycles of task and rest activations. Lateralization index of cortical response was measured and compared between patients and normal subjects. Results ; Right hand motor task was associated with greater activation in left sensorimotor cortex than the right in normal subjects. Schizophrenia patients showed relatively decreased activation in left cortex and increased activation in right cortex compared with normal subjects. In one patient, reversed lateralization was noted. Conclusion : Normal hemispheric asymmetry of cortical response to motor task was found in different pattern in schizophrenia. Our result is consistent with functional disturbance of motor circuitry in this disorder. Functional MRI will play an important role in diagnosis and research of this disorder.