• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.686-692
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• 2010

Computed tomography (CT) is considered as gold standard in evaluating pancreatitis in human, but there have been only a few studies in veterinary field. Balthazar CT severity index (CTSI) used to assess the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in human could be applicable to dogs, because the severity of acute pancreatitis depends on the area of pancreatic necrosis in dogs more than in human. In this study, 25 adult, clinically healthy beagle dogs were used. CT examinations was performed in normal pancreas, positive control group and acute necrotizing pancreatitis induced by autologous bile injection. Balthazar CTSI was applied to canine acute necrotizing pancreatitis in contrastenhanced CT image and compared with the result of histopathologic examination. The Hounsfield unit (HU) of normal canine pancreas was $52.44{\pm}4.58$ and the density was significantly decreased in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (P < .05). In contrast-enhanced CT examination, pancreatic density was decreased significantly and this area was compatible to pancreatic necrosis. Balthazar CTSI showed positive correlation with histopathologic evaluation with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88.89%. Balthazar CTSI can be applied to evaluate the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in dogs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.1436-1447
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• 2020

Purpose To investigate the clinical and CT features at admission to predict the progression to necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) in patients initially diagnosed with interstitial edematous pancreatitis (IEP). Materials and Methods Patients with IEP who underwent contrast-enhanced CT at admission and follow-up CT (< 14 days) were included (n = 178). Two radiologists performed a consensus review of follow-up CT scans and diagnosed the type of acute pancreatitis as IEP or NP. Laboratory findings at admission were recorded. Clinical, CT, and laboratory findings were compared between the IEP-IEP group and IEP-NP group using the chi-square test and the t-test. Multivariate analysis was also performed. Results There were 112 and 66 patients in the IEP-IEP and the IEP-NP groups, respectively. The proportion of patients with alcohol etiology was significantly larger in the IEP-NP group. Among the CT findings, the presence of peripancreatic fluid and heterogeneous parenchymal enhancement were more frequently observed in the IEP-NP group. Among the laboratory variables, serum C-reactive protein levels and white blood cell counts were significantly higher in the IEP-NP group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of peripancreatic fluid and heterogeneous parenchymal enhancement were significant findings distinguishing the two groups. Conclusion CT findings, such as the presence of peripancreatic fluid and heterogeneous pancreatic parenchymal enhancement, may be helpful in predicting the progression to NP in patients initially diagnosed with IEP.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.201-202
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• 2011

본 연구에는 7.0T 동물용 자기공명영상장치를 이용하여 인간의 췌장암 세포인 CFPAC-1를 이종 이식한 쥐에서 자기공명영상을 획득하여 최적화된 검사 Protocol을 정립하며, 동물 실험에서 밝혀진 종양특성과 확산강조영상과의 비교 분석을 해보고 현성확산계수 영상이 췌장암 이종이식 모형의 종양 세포 내부 구조에 관하여 어떠한 정보를 제공 할 수 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 13마리의 쥐의 26개의 종양을 전형적으로 주입 후에 2~4주 뒤에 직경이 5~10mm가 되었을 때 imaged 하였으며, pathologic specimenm을 위해 sacrificed 하였다. isofluoran gas anesthesia를 이용하여 동물 마취 하였다. 사용된 장비로는 small-animal MR images (7.0-T)를 (Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany)이용하여 Fast T2-weighted 와 single-shot EPI DW image를 얻었다. 종양은 H&E 염색과 CD31와 VEGF에 대한 면역조직학 염색을 하여 종양의 cellularity와 microvessel density(MVD), 종양 내 괴사 정도를 평가하였다. CFPAC-1의 현성확산계수값은 $0.7327{\pm}0.1075{\pm}10^{-3}mm2/s$이였으며, 현성확산계수는 종양내 괴사 정도와 연관성을 보였다(R = 0.7417, p = 0.0001) 이처럼 현성확산계수는 종양 내 괴사 정도 등의 현미경적구조변화를 반영하는 대리인자로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 1993

어류의 대량폐사의 원인은 여러 가지가 있을 수 있는데 가장 중요한 것 중의 하나가 바이러스 감염에 의한 것이다. 우리나라 송어양식의 경우, 바이러스성 질병에 의한 대량폐사가 발생하여 매년 수천만마리의 치어가 폐사되어 왔는데 이 질병의 원인을 조사한 결과, 전염성 췌장 괴사 바이러스(Infectious Pencreatic Necrosis Virus ; IPNV)와 전염성 조혈기 괴사 바이러스(Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus ; IHNV)가 분리되어 이들의 대량폐사의 병원체임읠 밝혀내었다. 따라서 본 총설에서는 연어과 어류중 양식 대상종인 무지개송어 양식시 전염성과 병원성이 강해 치어기에 들어 대량폐사를 유발시키는 IHNV에 대해 최근 연구 결과를 중심으로 바이러스 분리 및 동정, 신속진단, 바이러스 백신 기초 기술 개발순으로 기술하고자 한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2007

Purpose: A pancreas-preserving total gastrectomy (PPTG) was introduced to decrease the postoperative complications due to pancreatic resection. However, some complications, such as leakage of pancreatic juice, are still reported. Thus, the purpose of this study was to propose a supplementary procedure based on the results of treatment for gastric cancer at our hospital. Materials and Methods: From Jan. 1997 to Dec. 2004, the cases of 141 patients who underwent a PPTG for gastric cancer were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into Group A (38 cases), patients who were treated using a conventional PPTG, and Group B (103 cases), patients who were treated using a new and improved PPTG. Their postoperative complications were compared. Results: No statistically significant differences in clinicopathologic data were noted between the two groups. The comparison of complications showed for groups A and B, respectively, 4 and 0 cases of pancreatic fistula, 1 and 0 cases of intraabdominal abscess, 2 and 0 cases of intraoperative pancreatic necrosis, and 2 and 2 cases of minor leakage. The difference in the prevalence of complications between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.0001). Conclusion: In order to reduce the risk of PPTG-related complications, we used vascular clamps to observe the necrosis of the pancreatic tail before dividing the splenic artery, and this method resulted in a significant decrease in postoperative complications. Thus, we conclude that our use of vascular clamps in a PPTG is a simple and useful method for preventing postoperative complications.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2010

Purpose: Since there are few studies involving acute pancreatitis in children, we reviewed our experience with this medical condition to describe the clinical features. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 41 patients with AP who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and June 2007. Results: Twenty males and 21 females (mean age, 8.7${\pm}$4.5 years) were included. In 22 patients (53.7%), no definitive causes were found. The most common etiologies were choledochal cysts (22.0%). Necrotizing pancreatitis was diagnosed in 5 patients (12.2%), and recurrent acute pancreatitis in 4 patients (9.8%). CT findings included pancreatic swelling (43.9%), peripancreatic fluid collection (29.3%), ascites (24.4%), and peripancreatic fat necrosis (12.2%). Serum amylase and lipase levels at diagnosis were 535.3${\pm}$553.2 and 766.2${\pm}$723.6 U/L, respectively, and were normalized within 1 week in 22 and 14 patients, respectively. On the basis of the Balthazar scale, 2 patients were diagnosed with severe AP. In 4 patients (9.8%), a surgical procedure was indicated. Major complications included ascites (32.3%), sepsis (16.1%), and pseudocyst and renal impairments (12.9%). Two patients died from multi-organ failure. Conclusion: The etiologies of AP in children are varied. Most children have a single episode and a self-limited course. However, AP of childhood still carries significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment according to disease severity, and management of complications are important.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2011

In this study, we evaluated diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to investigate whether the DWI parameters can predict characteristic parameters on pathologic specimens of tumor or not. CFPAC-1 was injected subcutaneously on the back flank of athymic nude mice (n=13) then two tumors were initiated on each mouse (2${\times}$13=26 tumors). The mice were sacrificed to make specimen immediately after initial MR imaging then were compared with the MR image. A dedicated high-field (7T) small-animal MR scanner was used for image acquisitions. A T1 and T2 weighted axial image using RARE technique was acquired to measure the T2 values and tumor size. DWI MR was performed for calculating ADC values. To evaluate tumor cellularity and determine the levels of MVD, tumor cells were excised and processed for H-E staining and immunostaining using CD31. T2 values and ADC values were computed and analyzed for each half of the tumors and compared to the correlated specimens slide. Median ADC within each half of mass was compared to the cellularity and MVD in the correlated area of pathologic slide. The mean of ADC value is $0.7327{\times}10^{-3}$ $mm^2/s$ and standard deviation is $0.1075{\times}10^{-3}$ $mm^2/s$. There is a linear relationship between ADC value and tumor necrosis (R2=0.697, p< 0.001). DW image parameters including the ADC values can be utilized as surrogate markers to assess intratumoral neoangiogenesis and change of the internal structure of tumor cells.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 1991

In Feb., 1990 an epizootic disease to masu salmon fry, Oncorhynchus masou cultured at the hatchery of rainbow trout in Samchok, Kwangwon-do have broken out and induced high mortality over 70%. Externally, the diseased fish showed dark discoloration, abdominal distension with ascites, slight exophthalmus and fecal casts. Internally, the gill and the liver of diseased fish were edematous and pale, and the stomach of moribund fish contained the milkish fluid. Microscopically there was extensive necrosis of the hematopoietic tissue in kidney and spleen, and scattered necrosis of pancreas, liver and lateral muscle. Especially, the necrosis of lamina propria, muscle layer and tela submucosa in the digestive tract known as the typical signs associated with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was seen clearly.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2003

We present a case of a colonic involvement associated with necrotizing pancreatitis, with a review of the literature. A 10 year old boy had an appendectomy at the local clinic ten days ago. On admission, he complained nausea, vomiting and severe constipation. His abdomen was distended and he had tenderness on the left abdomen. Laboratory and radiologic studies revealed findings consistent with acute pancreatitis with colonic complication. He was treated conservatively for 30 days but did not improve. On hospital 30th day, abdominal pain developed and his vital sign changed. Abdominal CT suggested ischemic change of the transverse colon. At laparotomy, the left colon showed stenosis. The greatly distended transverse colon was resected and a transverse end colostomy was done. He was discharged at postoperative 45th day with improvement and colostomy closure was performed 8 months later.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

CHSE(Chinook Salmon Embryo)-214 fish cell lines was cultured in Eagle's minimal medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 2mM-glutamin. Optimum growth temperature of CHSE-214 cell line was $20^{\circ}C$. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus(IPNV) was successfuly multiplied and showed the cytopathic effect in CHSE-214 cell line. Infection symptom of IPNV was observed with inverted phase contrast microscopy. At 6h-12hrs post-infection, the cells infected with IPNV were similer to normal cells. At 18-24hrs post-infection, the cells were somewhat round form and a little swollen form than normal cells. At 30hs post-infection, the cells were becoming more abnormal cells. At 48-68 post-infection, the infected cells were lysed and showed the severe cytopathic effect.