• Title/Summary/Keyword: 충진

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Mass Propagation of Hypolepis punctata (Thunb.) Mett. Using In Vitro Culture Techniques (조직배양을 이용한 점고사리의 대량증식 방법)

  • Park, Kyungtae;Jang, Bo Kook;Lee, Cheol Hee
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2019.04a
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    • pp.57-57
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 관상 및 조경용으로 개발이 가능한 남방계 양치식물인 점고사리[Hypolepis punctata (Thunb.) Mett.]의 전엽체 증식 및 포자체 형성에 적합한 배양조건을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 무가온 온실에서 성숙한 포자엽을 채집한 후 포자를 기내에서 발아시켜 전엽체를 획득하였으며, 8주 간격으로 계대배양 하여 실험의 재료로 사용하였다. 배지종류에 따른 전엽체의 증식 및 형태형성을 확인하고자, 배양된 전엽체 0.3g을 메스로 잘게 다진 후, 농도를 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2배로 조절한 MS배지에 8주간 배양하였다. 이후 선발된 배지를 기준으로 sucrose, 활성탄, 질소급원의 농도를 조절하여 전엽체의 증식과 형태형성을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 1MS배지에서 전엽체의 생체중이 초기 접종량인 0.3g에 비해 10.7배 증가한 3.2g으로 가장 높은 증가율을 보였다. 형태관찰에서도 장정기의 형성이 관찰되었으며, 전엽체의 쿠션조직이 비교적 잘 발달하였다. 전엽체 증식에 가장 좋은 효과를 보인 1MS배지를 기준으로 sucrose의 농도를 0-4%로 달리하여 실험한 결과, 1%의 처리구에서 6.7g으로 가장 높은 생체중을 보였다. 활성탄의 농도를 0-0.8%로 첨가한 네 처리구 중에서는 0.8%의 처리구에서 14.2g으로 무처리구에 비해 생체중이 2배 이상 증가하였다. 전엽체의 형태 또한 정상적인 발달을 보였다. 질소급원의 비율을 30-120mM로 조절한 배지에서는 60mM의 처리구에서 4.9g으로 가장 높은 생체중을보였다. 이후 포자체 형성을 위한 최적의 토양조건을 구명하고자, 원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트 및 마사토의 비율을 달리하여 5종류의 배양토를 조성하였다. 혼합된 토양은 사각분($7.5{\times}7.5{\times}7.5cm$)에 충진 하였으며, 배양된 전엽체 1g을 증류수와 함께 10초간 분쇄한 다음 준비된 토양표면에 분주하여 재배하였다. 12주간의 재배 결과, 원예상토를 단용한 토양에서 포자체의 수가 포트당 250.0개로 가장 많이 형성되었으며, 포자체의 생육 또한 다른 처리구에 비해 우수한 결과를 보였다. 한편 피트모스가 혼합된 토양에서는 포자체가 형성되지 않았다. 따라서 점고사리의 전엽체 대량증식에 적합한 배지는 sucrose 1%와 질소급원의 농도를 60mM, 활성탄을 0.8% 첨가한 1MS배지로 판단되며, 포자체 대량생산을 위해서는 원예상토를 단용한 토양이 적합하다고 판단된다.

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Several Treatments of Veronica rotunda Nakai for Pot Cultivation (분화 재배를 위한 둥근산꼬리풀의 몇 가지 처리)

  • Yeon, Soo Ho;Lee, Sang In;Lee, Seung Yeon;Lee, Cheol Hee
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2019.04a
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    • pp.89-89
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    • 2019
  • 둥근산꼬리풀(Veronica rotunda Nakai)은 다년생 초본으로 높은산 정상에서 자라며, 초장은 10~20 cm, 잎의 길이는 2~4 cm 정도이다. 또한, 기부의 잎은 엽병이 불분명하고, 줄기에는 털이 없는 것으로 알려져 있다. 관상소재로 이용되고 있으나, 식물정보는 매우 부족하며, 활용하기 위해서는 재배 연구와 식물에 대한 정보 수집이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 둥근산꼬리풀의 관상용 재배 시 적정 차광, 기비, 추비, 왜화제 및 적심 등의 처리 정도를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 재배방법의 확립을 위하여 선행연구에서 육묘한 유묘(2018년 5월 15일에 파종하여 생산)를 7월 16일에 정식하여 10월 15일까지 약 14주 동안 재배하였다. 공통조건은 플라스틱 화분 10호(이색포트, $9{\times}9cm$)에 원예상토를 충진하고, 200구 트레이에 셀 당 4립씩 파종하여 생산된 1셀을 정식하였다. 차광 정도 실험은 0, 55, 75% 차광막을 이용하였으며, 기비는 싱싱코트를 0, 10, 20알 처리하였고, 추비는 hyponex (N:P:K, 4:6:6)를 0, 1000, $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$의 농도로 엽면시비 하였다. 또한, 관상효과 증가를 위해 왜화제는 diniconazole, daminozide를 농도별(각 0, 1000, $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$)로 처리하였고, 적심은 4주차에 1회 처리 유무의 효과를 비교하였다. 연구의 결과, 둥근산꼬리풀에 기비 10알 처리는 생육에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 20알 처리는 무처리와 10알 처리에 비해 절간장, 경직경이 증가하는 결과가 나타났다. 추비는 절간장을 증가시켰으나, 측지수와 마디수는 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 차광처리별로는 55, 75% 차광 모두 무차광에 비해 측지수, 마디수, 엽수 및 개화율을 크게 감소시키는 결과를 보여, 둥근산꼬리풀는 광이 충분한 곳에서 재배하는 것이 적합한 것으로 생각된다. 왜화제의 처리는 종류와 농도에 관계없이 둥근산꼬리풀은 측지수, 마디수, 엽수를 감소시키는 결과를 보였다. 또한 초장이 짧아지고 경직경은 두꺼워졌으나, 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 종류별로는 daminozide $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$ 처리는 무처리에 비해 개화율이 증가하여, 둥근산꼬리풀의 분화용 재배시 daminozide $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$를 처리하는 것이 효과적이다. 적심처리는 무처리에 비해 전반적인 생육 및 개화를 억제하는 결과가 나타났다. 결론적으로 둥근산꼬리풀의 분화용 재배시 광량이 충분한 곳에서 재배하고, 기비와 추비는 절간장을 증가시키며, 측지수, 마디수, 엽수에 큰 차이가 없거나 감소하는 결과를 보여 관상용 재배에 적합하지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 추가적으로 daminozide $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$를 처리하며, 적심처리를 하지 않는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

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Occurrence and Chemical Composition of Minerals from the Pallancata Ag Mine, Peru (페루 Pallancata 은 광산에서 산출되는 광물들의 산상 및 화학조성)

  • Yoo, Bong Chul;Acosta, Jorge
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.87-102
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    • 2019
  • Pallancata Ag mine is located at the Ayacucho region 520 km southeast of Lima. The geology of mine area consists of mainly Cenozoic volcanic-intrusive rocks, which are composed of tuff, andesitic lava, andesitic tuff, pyroclastic flow, volcano clasts, rhyolite and quartz monzonite. This mine have about 100 quartz veins in tuff filling regional faults orienting NW, NE and EW directions. The Ag grades in quartz veins are from 40 to 1,000 g/t. Quartz veins vary from 0.1 m to 25 m in thickness and extend to about 3,000 m in strike length. Quartz veins show following textures including zonation, cavity, massive, breccia, crustiform, colloform and comb textures. Wallrock alteration features including silicification, sericitization, pyritization, chloritization and argillitization are obvious. The quartz veins contain calcite, chalcedony, adularia, fluorite, rutile, zircon, apatite, Fe oxide, REE mineral, Cr oxide, Al-Si-O mineral, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, electrum, proustite-pyrargyrite, pearceite-polybasite and acanthite. The temperature and sulfur fugacity ($f_{s2}$) of the Ag mineralization estimated from the mineral assemblages and mineral compositions are ranging from 118 to $222^{\circ}C$ and from $10^{-20.8}$ to $10^{-13.2}atm$, respectively. The relatively low temperature and sulfur-oxygen fugacities in the hydrothermal fluids during the Ag mineralization in Pallancata might be due to cooling and/or boiling of Ag-bearing fluids by mixing of meteoric water in the relatively shallow hydrothermal environment. The hydrothermal condition may be corresponding to an intermediate sulfidation epithermal mineralization.

Optimal Culture Conditions for Mass Propagation of Onoclea sensibilis var. interrupta Maxim. (야산고비의 대량증식을 위한 적정 배양조건)

  • Park, Kyungtae;Jang, Bo Kook;Lee, Cheol Hee
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2019.04a
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    • pp.56-56
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 식용과 약용으로 이용되는 국내 자생식물인 야산고비(Onoclea sensibilis var. interrupta Maxim.)를 기내에서 대량증식하기 위한 조건을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 무가온 온실에서 수집한 포자를 기내에서 발아시켜 전엽체를 획득하였으며, 계대배양하며 실험의 재료로 사용하였다. 전엽체의 대량증식을 위해 전엽체 0.3g을 메스로 균일하게 다진 후 증류수 1ml와 함께 배지에 고루 펼쳐서 배양하는 방법을 사용하였으며, 증식에 미치는 배지의 영향을 확인하기 위하여 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2배로 조절한 MS배지를 조성하여 8주간 배양하였다. 이후, 증식이 우수한 배지를 선정하여 sucrose와 질소급원의 농도를 조절하였으며, 활성탄을 첨가하여 증식에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 배지종류 실험의 결과, 생체중이 1MS에서 10.2g으로 초기 접종량에 비해 가장 많이 증가하였으며, 현미경을 이용하여 관찰한 결과에서도 정상적인 전엽체의 형태인 심장형으로 발달하였다. 증식이 우수하였던 1MS배지에 sucrose의 농도를 조절하여 배양한 결과에서는 1%의 처리구에서 가장 증식률이 좋았으며, 질소급원의 경우 30mM의 농도로 조절한 처리구가 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 배지 내 활성탄의 첨가는 처리구당 증가된 전엽체의 생체중이 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 포자체 대량 형성을 위한 적정 배양토의 혼합조건을 확인하기 위하여 원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트 및 마사토의 혼합비율을 5종류로 달리하여 조성하여 사각분($7.5{\times}7.5{\times}7.5cm$)에 충진하였다. 조성한 배양토에 기내에서 배양한 전엽체 1g을 증류수와 함께 블렌더를 이용하여 10초간 분쇄하여 토양표면에 고루 분주하였다. 이후 12주간 재배한 결과, 모든 토양조합에서 포자체가 형성되었다. 그중 원예상토와 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼합한 토양에서 포트 당 405.0개로 가장 많은 포자체가 형성되었으며, 전체적인 생육 또한 비교적 양호한 결과를 보였다. 따라서 야산 고비의 전엽체 대량증식에 적합한 배지는 경제성과 생육수준을 고려하여 1%의 sucrose와 질소급원의 농도를 30mM로 조절한 1MS 배지가 적합하며, 포자체 대량생산을 위해서는 원예상토, 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼합한 토양이 적합하다고 판단되었다.

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A study on the granulometric and clastshape characteristic of gravel terrace deposit at Jeongdongjin area (정동진 단구 자갈층과 충진 물질의 입도 및 형상 특성에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Jong Yeon;Yang, Dong Yoon;Shin, Won Jeong
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.17-33
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    • 2016
  • Samples from newly exposed outcrop of sedimentary layers forming Jeongdongjin coastal terrace in Gangreung area are collected and analyzed to find the sedimentary environment. The site are located at the gentle hillslope of the terrace surface area. The height of the outcrop is about 8m and the altitude of it's highest part is 68~73m MSL. The lowest part of this out crop is the partly consolidated sand layer with gravel veneer within it. It is found that this part is not in-situ weathered sand stone through the OSL method. This sand layer is overlain by the gravel layer with sand matrix. The shapes of the gravels from this part are mainly 'platy', 'elongated', and 'bladed' by the index of Sneed and Folk(1958). In addition, mean roundness is not so high. It is sceptical to regard this part as marine sediments which are continuously exposed to erosional processes. The boundary between the lowest sand layer and gravel layer showing the abrupt change in forming material without any mixture or transitional zone, so gravels are seemed to deposited after some degree of consolidation of the lowest sand layer. In addition, the hight of the boundary between layers are changed by the place, so the surface of the partly consolidated sand layer is not flat and has irregularity on topography when it buried by gravels. Main part of this out crop is the poorly sorted coarse gravel(22.4mm) with sand matrix($1.36{\phi}$) layer with at least 2m thick covering the relatively fine gravels discussed above. Over 20% of particles have 'very platy', 'very elongated' and 'very bladed' shape and only less than 5% of particles have 'compact' shape, So this particles are also very hard to be regard as marine gravels which are abraded by marine processes. It can be concluded that this gravel layer formed by fluvial processes rather than coastal processes base on the form of the clast and sedimentary structure. The gravel layer is covered by fine($3{\sim}4{\phi}$) material layers of psudo-gleization which showing inter-bedding of red and white layers. Chemical composition of matrix and other fine materials should be analyzed in further studies. It is attempted to fine the burial ages of the sediment using OSL method, but failed by the saturation. So it can be assumed that these sediments have be buried over 120ka.

Improvement of Salt Accumulated Soil and Crop Growth using Coal Ash (석탄회를 이용한 염류집적 토양 개선과 작물 생육 증진)

  • Lee, Jong Cheol;Oh, Se Jin;Kang, Min Woo;Kim, Young Hyun;Kim, Dong Jin;Lee, Sang Soo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2021
  • BACKGROUND: Cultivation area using agricultural plastic film facilities in Korea is rapidly increasing every year; however, it accelerates the salt accumulation in soils due to repeated cultivation and excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Coal ash contains various trace elements and has high potential to be used in agricultural purposes. This research was aimed to improve the quality of salts-accumulated soils and crop growth grown in the plastic film facilities using the soil amendment derived from coal ash and zero-valent iron powder. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil amendment used in the study was manufactured using coal ash with iron powder and subjected to a typical upland soil for soil quality enhancement and two salts-accumulated soils for crop growth. After one month incubation of the salts-accumulated soils treated with the soil amendment, soil pH increased significantly and soil EC decreased by approximately 50%, compared to the control or the treatment without the soil amendment. Since the soil salts' concentration is proportional to EC, the subjected soil amendment can be proposed as an effective way to overcome soil salts accumulation in agricultural plastic film facilities. For crop growth, the length of roots and stems increased by approximately 10% and the dry weight also increased by a maximum of 75%, compared to the control. CONCLUSION: The soil amendment made from waste resources such as coal ash and zero-valent iron was found to not only be effective in improving salt-accumulated soils and crop yield but also be safe against harmful heavy metals.

Characteristic Analysis of Shear Strength of Rock Slope Discontinuity in Yangsan Fault System (양산단층대 암반비탈면에 분포하는 불연속면의 전단강도 특성분석)

  • Lee, Hak-Ju;Kim, Chang-Ho;Hwang, Woong-Ki;Kim, Tae-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.11-22
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    • 2019
  • This study was conducted to identify the causes of the unusually high number of rock slope failures during an expressway construction in Yangsan fault system. The shear strength (cohesion and internal friction angle) of 128 slopes of discontinuities including bedding, joint, and fault planes were re-evaluated through the examination of face mapping and back analysis. The re-evaluated values were analyzed and then compared with the existing data and values used in the design. As a result, the re-evaluated cohesion and friction angles were very low compared to the existing data and the values applied in the design. This incongruity was pointed as the primary reason for the rock slopes failures during the construction. This may be related to the inherent features of clastic sedimentary rocks in the study area, and the discontinuities in the sedimentary rocks in this region played a significant role. Especially, bedding discontinuity showed a big difference compared to the existing data. The shear strength depended on the type of discontinuity in case of clay filled in discontinuity. However, shear strength was independent on the type of discontinuity in case of shattered materials filled in discontinuity.

A Study on SOx Emission Characteristics in Coal Combustion (석탄 연소시 SOx 배출 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Youn Suk;Kim, Sung Su;Lee, Hyun Dong;Kim, Jae-Kwan;Hong, Sung Chang
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.219-223
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    • 2011
  • The characteristics of SOx emission were investigated using SM (India) coal and Berau, C&A (Austria) coal. Experiments were performed in two different ways. In the first type of experiment, the temperature in the furnace was increased and the, samples were combusted at the ignition temperature after filling the furnace with coal. The second experimental method was to add the coal to after maintaining a constant temperature. The results demonstrated that SOx emission from coal combustion depended upon the sulfur content. In the case of Berau coal and C&A coal, an enhancement of combustibility which was accomplished by increasing the combustion temperature, an increase in airflow and decrease in particle size of coals tended to increase $SO_2$ generation. Conversely, in the case of SM coal, the concentration of $SO_2$ tended to decrease, because the high contents of $Fe_2O_3$ in the ashes increased the oxidation power of coal itself, which oxidized $SO_2$ into $SO_3$. In the case of C&A coal, the $SO_2$ peak was only observed twice. This was thought to be caused by the thermal transfer rate from the surface to the interior of the coal.

Anti-cancer and Anti-microbial Effect of the Fraction Isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis Leaves (산돌배나무(Pyrus ussuriensis) 잎 분획물의 항암 및 항균활성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Chang-Eon;Kim, Young-Hun;Lee, Byung-Guen;Lee, Do-Hyung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.100 no.2
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    • pp.136-141
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to confirm the application as ingredients of cosmetics through an examination of the function for anti-cancer and anti-microbial of the fraction isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis leaves. The dried leaf of P. ussuriensis were extracted with acetone-$H_{2}O$ (6:4, v/v), concentrated and fractionated with the upper layer of acetone on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried, then a portion of acetone soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol as eluents and also used the MIC-gel using a series of aqueous methanol as developing solvent. The isolated compounds were identified by silica-gel TLC. The growth inhibition activity was measured using the MTT assay by the mouse meltioma (B16F10) cell. The cancer cell growth inhibition rate of fractions isolated from P. ussuriensis leaf was 80%. In anti-microbial activity test, the fraction of P. ussuriensis with 0.25 mg/disc resulted in the clear zone of 1.3 cm and 2 cm for Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis of gram positive bacillus, respectively. In Escherichia coli of gram negative bacillus, the fraction with 0.5 mg/disc resulted in the clear zone of 1.1 cm~1.5 cm each fraction. From these results, we confirmed that acetate fraction of P. ussuriensis has a great potential as a natural ingredients with a anti-cancer and anti-microbial source.

Characteristics of Low Temperature Desorption of Volatile Organic Compounds from Waste Activated Carbon in Cylindrical Cartridge (원통형 활성탄 카트리지 내 폐활성탄의 휘발성 유기화합물 저온 탈착 특성)

  • Kang, Sin-Wook;Lee, Seongwoo;Son, Doojeong;Han, Moonjo;Lee, Tae Ho;Hong, Sungoh
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.79-84
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    • 2021
  • In this study, the waste activated carbon used in the painting process was filled into a cylindrical cartridge and the characteristics of desorption by low temperature gas were investigated. Adsorption and desorption experiments of toluene with activated carbon were conducted to determine the flow rate of desorption. In an experiment where desorption was performed while changing conditions at flow rates of 1, 2 and 4 ㎥ min-1, it was determined that 2 ㎥ min-1 was appropriate due to the high THC concentration and desorption time. In the early stage of the desorption of waste activated carbon, 2-butanone and MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) with a low boiling point were generated at a high rate in the gas component, and after that, the concentration of THC decreased and the BTX was desorbed at a high rate. The total calorific value of the gas component generated during the desorption of waste activated carbon was 316 kcal kg-1. From repeating the regeneration of waste activated carbon with toluene five times, it was observed that the iodine value and the specific surface area were relatively lower than that of new activated carbon. In the desorption experiment where two cylindrical cartridges were connected in series, the maximum THC concentration was about 470 ppm.