• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to reveal the wood joinery technique in the ancient era. Joinery is one of the core techniques in constructing timber frame architecture in the Korean peninsula. These techniques can be revealed by examining wooden members of ancient buildings. The members were excavated at the Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond, the historic site in Gyeongju. This study collects the data of 284 members excavated at the Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond and analyzes the details such as length, thickness, width, joint types, joint shapes. With the result of the analysis, this study tries to indicate the level of wood joinery techniques in ancient buildings.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

It was estimated that wooden warehouses excavated from Bongseon-ri site in Seocheon were built around the 5th century according to the soil layers and construction methods of earthen structures. In order to identify the exact date, three wooden materials (BSMG 01, 06, and 12) from wooden warehouses were analyzed through radiocarbon dating using wiggle match. The outermost ring of BSMG 01 produced a radiocarbon date (95.4% confidence interval) of AD 431~551, BSMG 06 produced a date of AD 460~570, and BSMG 12 produced dates of either AD 240~430 or AD 490~510. The common age of the three wooden materials was identified as AD 490-510 and coincided with the original estimated archaeological age. Therefore, this study proved the accuracy of radiocarbon dating using wiggle match.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2007

Elemental analysis, SEM-EDX, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and IR analysis were adopted to examine the quality of charred woods excavated from the underground of the Daewoongjeon Hall of Youngguksa Temple, Youngdong-gun, Chungbuk, Korea. A large amount of calcium was detected in SEM-EDX analysis. The analyses of chemical elements suggested that completely charred wood was carbonized at about $500^{\circ}C$. The XRD results indicated the destruction of cellulose crystalline region. The IR analysis exhibited that thermal degradation of wood component was different depending upon the carbonization temperature. It can be suggested from the results that PEG with different molecular weights should be used for the conservation of excavated charred woods.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.359-368
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the wood species of the stern plank and persimmon seed from Daebudo shipwreck No.2 excavated from Daebudo, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, and Gyeonggi-do by wiggle-matching of radiocarbon measurements. Results of the analysis showed that all the wooden boards of the hull were made from Pinus Hard Pine Group. The other parts of hull and wooden pegs were made from Pinus Hard Pine Group, Castanea spp., Quercus spp. sect. Lepidobalanus, Alnus spp., and Zelkova serrata Makino. Excavated wide-tooth wooden comb and fine-tooth bamboo comb were made from Acer spp. and Bambusoideae. Excavated rope was made from Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. The stern plank, wooden support, and persimmon stone showed ${\pm}2{\sigma}$ radiocarbon date(95.4% confidence interval) of AD 1151-1224. This indicated that the Daebudo shipwreck No.2 occurred during the early or middle 12-13th century. Our radiocarbon dating results confirmed the date speculated by archeologists based on the ceramic style.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2022

This study aimed for species identification and tree-ring dating and radiocarbon dating of wooden warehous materials excavated from Baengnyeongsanseong in Geumsan. The species of 83 wooden materials were identified as 38 Platycarya spp., 34 Cerris Section, 8 Prinus section, 2 Hard pine, and 1 Kalopanax pictus. After cross-dating of 5 Cerris Section samples with the TSAP program, one Cerris Section chronology (GSQU 1S) was constructed. To identify the exact date, one material which show many tree-ring (GSQU 05) was analyzed by radiocarbon dating using wiggle match. As a result of radiocarbon dating, the outermost edge of east beam (GSQU 05) was found to be A.D. 575-655 or A.D. 665-685. The radiocarbon dating of wooden warehouse material was consistent with the archaeologically estimated date.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.19
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• pp.73-84
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• 2006

The conservation methods for the charred-woods excavated under the Daewoongjeon Hall of Youngguksa Temple, Youngdong, Chungbuk, Korea were investigated. The tests revealed that PEG#400 10% for four days followed by gradual application of PEG#4000 10% to 40% showed the most stable and robust results, showing no cracks in macroscopic examination. This treatment method was applied to the two charred elements, which appeared to be the capitals at the excavated site. After the treatment, the consolidated capitals were transported to the laboratory, where they were retreated with PEG#4000 80% at $85^{\circ}$.... Charred capitals showed also an excellent level of stability.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.118-121
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• 2005

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.536-544
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• 2021

In the present study, safe management and value improvement of bamboo sunblind, which is an item of cultural heritage, were performed by adopting stable conservation treatment methods. The bamboo sunblind used in the present study was excavated from No. 1 catchment site in Baesanseongji, Busan. It was determined that the main material used to make the sunblind was bamboo, and herbal plants were used to weave the bamboo using lacquer as an adhesive agent. All contaminants and soil adhered to the sunblind was removed. Thereafter, the sunblind, which was recovered in the form of blocks, was washed separately after fixing it to a temporary plaster frame and to avoid the blocks from breaking during washing. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) impregnation was utilized for the reinforcement treatment. Based on the preliminary test results, the shape of the sunblind was fixed using a stainless-steel frame to prevent physical damage that may occur during the drying process. Thereafter, the bamboo sunblind was vacuum freeze-dried. PEG 20% (in ethyl alcohol) was applied as a surface treatment agent for stabilization the sunblind. After the surface treatment, the bamboo sunblind were joined together to fit the maximum width, and the rectangular shape of the sunblind was restored-as best as possible-while filling in the missing parts by maximizing the use of unknown members such as in the disturbed layers below bamboo sunblind surface. The conservation treatment was completed by fixing the bamboo sunblind into the fabricated frame.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.6-22
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• 2024

This paper examines the characteristics of wooden wells from the Three Kingdoms period that were discovered in the Yeongsan River basin, in addition to their functions based on the distribution of the remains and excavated artifacts found near the wells. A total of 11 wooden wells have been found at six archeological sites along the middle and upper reaches of the Yeongsan River basin. These wooden wells were built in a wider variety of forms than wells made of other materials due to the ease of processing resulting from the physical properties of wood. However, due to the limited geological conditions in which these wells can be installed and their rapid decay, the discovery of such wells is rare. They tend to be located in the clay and mud layers of old river channels or near river channels where it was relatively easy to obtain water from the riverbed. The wooden wells are mostly square or rectangular in shape and were assembled transversely, and some include support beams in their construction. The backfill was reinforced with either stone, a mixture of stone and clay, or a mixture of clay and pottery shards. The material mainly used was pine wood boards, with wood from chestnut trees being used as a sub-material. Various artifacts, such as pottery and wooden containers, animal bones, and seeds, have been excavated in small quantities. The excavated pottery items consist mostly of flat cups with a cover, mounted cups, pottery stands, wide-mouthed jars with a hole, and round pottery. Based on the environment and remains of the sites, the wells are thought to have been used for domestic and production purposes. The assumed primary function was to obtain domestic water, as most of the wells were located within residential spaces where the area's inhabitants lived. The wells were also used to obtain water for agricultural purposes, as well as for productive purposes such as for operating kilns and smelters. Lastly, the wooden wells were also found to be strongly associated with rites, as evidenced by the artifacts found inside them.