• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.3C
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• pp.248-255
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• 2002

An RF module in compliance with the IEEE 802.11a standard has been designed and its performance has been measured. Conventional heterodyne architecture with 580MHz intermediate frequency has been realized. Measurement results show that the receiver has a low Noise Figure of 5dB, the maximum gain of 70dB, and dynamic range as wide as 61dB. Also, the SAW filter used for channel selection in the IF section allowed minimum inter-channel interference. in addition to satisfying the RF output power requirement, the transmitter features its output P1dB as high as 34dBm so that the high peak-to-average ratio of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme can be handled with minimum nonlinear distortion. The output P1dB of 34dBm of the transmitter corresponds to back-off powers of 18dB and 11dB with respect to the output power for the low and the middle frequency bands, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 1994

We have investigated output characteristics of XeCI excimer laser excited by transeverse electronbeam. We used e-beam output of 880 kV, 21 kA (70 ns, FWHM) and controlled current density of e-beam by pulsed magnetic coil (4.7 kG) which was fabricated around an e-beam diode (A-K gap is 21 mm) and laser chamber. We have obtained 35 J (4 atm) of e-beam deposition energy injected into laser media. The deposition energy was converted from an exposure area of Radcolor film and rising pressure of gas media which is measured by pressure jump method. The excited volume of $320cm^{3}$ was calculated. The maximum efficiency of 1.7% was obtained with the mixing ratio of HCllXe/Ar==0.2/ 6.3/93.5% and total pressure of 3 atm. Also laser output energy and specific energy were obtained 0.52 J and 1.7 J/I, respectively. For the analysis of experimental results we have developed computer simulation code. From the good agreements with the results of experiment and simulation we could theoretically explain the XeCI* formation channel. relaxation channel, and absorption channel of 308 nm.308 nm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.230-232
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• 2021

As the ratio of double-income households and parental leave use increase, there is an increasing demand for products that help when raising children alone. In particular, there is a lot of demand for baby beds that help raise children without difficulty even by themselves. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a real-time monitoring of a smart crib using a sound sensor. The proposed bed uses a sound sensor to detect the child's crying and condition, and the measured sensor output value can be checked with a mobile application. When the sound sensor output value is more than a certain value, a voice file such as a lullaby recorded with the voice of the parents is played, and if the sensor output value is less than a certain value, the playing voice file is stopped. If the sensor output value continues to exist after a certain period of time, a pop-up notification is sent to the mobile application. This allows the child to quickly calm down with a sense of stability and comfort through the recorded voices of the parents, and the parents can remotely monitor the child's condition in real time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.182.1-182.1
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• 2016

전자빔의 운동에너지를 변화시켜 전자기장을 발생시키는 진공튜브 장치는 기본적으로 전자빔 발생부인 전자총을 핵심 구성부로 사용한다. 이러한 전자총을 이용하는 진공튜브로는 핵융합을 위해 플라즈마 가열용의 RF를 발생시키는 자이로트론 튜브와 방사광 가속기에서 전자를 가속시키는데 이용되는 클라이스트론 튜브 등이 있으며, 군사적으로는 레이더를 비롯하여 유도미상일에 들어가는 탐색기, 전투기에서 사용되는 송수신용 마이크로파 발생장치 등의 핵심부품인 진행파관 진공튜브 등이 있다. 이러한 응용분야에서는 기본적으로 고출력의 전자파를 필요로 하기 때문에 반도체를 이용한 장치로는 그 성능을 구현할 수 없다. 따라서 열음극을 사용하는 전자총을 기반으로 한 다양한 형태의 진공튜브 장치가 주로 이용되고 있다. 현재 고출력 마이크로파 진공튜브용 열음극 전자총은 대부분 외국에서 수입하고 있는데 그 이유는 전자총의 핵심 부품인 열음극 캐소드를 국내에서 개발하지 못하였기 때문이다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 텅스텐 기반의 함침형 열음극 캐소드를 국내에서 자체 개발하는데 성공하였다. 전통적으로 미국에서 개발해온 함침형 열음극 캐소드는 텅스텐 소결체에 기공을 학보하고 여기에 Ba을 중심으로 한 알칼리성 물질들을 일정비율로 혼합하여 함침한 것으로 일함수 2.1~2.3 eV 수준의 물성을 갖는다. 이에 따라 방출할 수 있는 전류의 양은 운용 온도 $1000^{\circ}C$ 정도에서 전류밀도로 대략 수 $A/cm^2$ 수준이다. 본 연구에서 개발한 캐소드는 S-type으로 알려진 것으로 BaO : CaO : $Al_2O_3$ = 4 : 1 : 1 비율로 함침되었다. 고진공장치에서 전류측정 결과 $1040^{\circ}C$에서 $10.6A/cm^2$의 전류밀도를 기록하였으며 이에 대하여 Richardson-Dushman equation으로 계산하였을 때, 약 1.9 eV의 일함수를 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 현재 많은 응용분야에서 사용하고 있으며 함침형 캐소드에 Os이나 Ir 등의 물질을 코팅하여 일함수를 낮추고 전류밀도를 향상시킨 M-type 캐소드의 결과와 유사한 수준이다.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.307-313
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• 2019

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are combined effects of triboelectricity and electric induction, is a large-area and low-cost technology that can be applied easily in our life. In this work, we applied life supplies to TENGs and analyzed a type of chemical bonding with the ratio of C-C/C-H/C-O/C=O bonding. As the ratio of C-C bonding increases, the materials can be positively charge. On the other hands, as the ratio of C-H bonding increases, the materials can be negatively charged materials. Based on these behaviors, we got a voltage of 210V, a current of 14.6 ㎂ and a maximum power of 9.8mW. Finally, we could turn on 97 light emitting diodes (LEDs) by using a wrap as a negative material and a magnetic note as a positive material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.284-284
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• 2011

Ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET)는 용액 중의 각종 이온 농도를 측정하는 반도체 이온 센서이다. ISFET는 작은 소자 크기, 견고한 구조, 즉각적인 반응속도, 기존의 CMOS공정과 호환이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. ISFET의 기본 구조는 기존의 metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)에서 고안되었으며, ISFET는 기존의 MOSFET의 게이트 전극 부분이 기준전극과 전해질로 대체되어진 구조를 가지고 있다. ISFET소자의 pH 감지 메커니즘은 감지막의 표면에서 pH용액의 수소이온이 막의 표면에 속박되어 표면전위의 변화를 유발하는 것에 기인한다. 그 결과, 수소이온의 농도에 따라 ISFET의 문턱전압의 변화를 일으키게 되고 드레인 전류의 양 또한 달라지게 된다. 한편, ISFET의 좋은 pH감지특성과 높은 출력특성을 얻기 위하여 high-k물질들이 감지막으로써 지속적으로 연구되어져 왔다. 그 중 Al2O3와 HfO2는 높은 유전상수와 좋은 pH 감지능력으로 인하여 많은 연구가 이루어져온 물질이다. 하지만 HfO2는 높은 유전상수를 갖음에도 불구하고 화학용액에 대한 non-ideal 효과에 취약하다는 보고가 있다. 반면에 Al2O3의 유전상수는 HfO2보다 작지만 화학용액으로 인한 손상에 대하여 강한 immunity가 있는 재료이다. 본 연구에서는, 이러한 각각의 high-k 물질들의 단점을 보안하기 위하여 SiO2/HfO2/Al2O3(OHA) 적층막을 이용한 ISFET pH 센서를 제작하였으며 SOI 기판에서 구현되었다. SOI기판에서 OHA 적층막을 이용한 ISFET 제작이 이루어짐에 따라서 소자의 signal to noise 비율을 증대 시킬것으로 기대된다. 실제로 SOI-ISFET와 같이 제작된 SOI-MOSFET는 1.8${\times}$1010의 높은 on/off 전류 비율을을 보였으며 65 mV/dec의 subthreshold swing 값을 갖음으로써, 우수한 전기적 특성을 보이는 ISFET가 제작이 되었음을 확인 하였다. OHA 감지 적층막의 각 층은 양호한 계면상태, 높은 출력특성, 화학용액에 대한non-ideal 효과에 강한 immunity을 위하여 적층되었다. 결론적으로 SOI과 OHA 적층감지막을 이용하여 우수한 pH 감지 특성을 보이는 pH 센서가 제작되었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.27-33
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• 2002

This paper proposes a method to drive an AC plasma display panel(PDP) with a significantly improved contrast ratio. In the proposed method, during the first sub-field of one frame, all PDP cells are reset by the ramp waveform, and during the other sub-fields, only the cells turned on in the previous sub-field are reset. No light is emitted during the reset period of every sub-field except the first sub-field. For a 10-bit picture, the luminance of the dark level for the proposed method is 10 times lower than that for the conventional method, in which the ramp waveform for the reset is used in every sub-field. Accordingly, the contrast ratio for the proposed method is 10 times higher than that for the conventional method. For the 10-bit picture, the measured contrast ratio was about 3080:1 for the proposed method and about 285:1 for the conventional method, resulting in 10.8 times increase in the contrast ratio. This result shows that the proposed method can realize an image with high contrast ratio.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2008

The numerical analysis of energy and material balance, and plant performance has been carried out when applying the heavy residual oil instead of heavy oil to the existing heavy oil power station. The performance analysis model has been constructed for A heavy oil power station in Korea, and the modeling results were compared with the design data in order to ensure the validity of the model, and further compared with the plant operation data. With the heavy residual oil, the simulation gave 315 MW in power output, which is higher than that of the heavy oil combustion, but the plant efficiency turned out to be lower. The sensitivity analysis of heat rate for the changes in cooling water and ambient temperature, flue gas recirculation and power output has provided valuable information for the optimal operation of the power station.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.222-232
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• 1993

In this paper, we present two sets of fuzzy algorithms for the steam generator level control ; one for the high power operations where the flow error is available and the other for the low power operations where the flow error is not available. These are converted to a PID type controller for the high power case and to a quadratic function form of a controller for the low power case. These controllers are implemented on the Compact Nuclear Simulator at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and tested by a set of four simulation experiments for each. For both cases, the results show that the total variation of the level error and of the flow error are about 50% of those by the PI controllers with about one half of the control action. For the high power case, this is mainly due to the fact that a combination of two PD type controllers in the velocity algorithm form rather than a combination of two PI type controllers in the position algorithm form is used. For the low power case, the controller is essentially a PID type with a very small integral component where the average values for the derivative component input and for the controller output are used.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2014

The sensors attached on/in a person are moved since human body frequency changes their activity, therefore in wireless body area networks, nodal mobility and non-line-of-sight condition will impact on performance of networks such as energy efficiency and reliable communication. We then proposed schemes which study on forwarding decisions against frequent change of topology and channel conditions to increase reliable connections and improve energy efficiency. In this work, we control the size of packets, forwarding rate based on ratio of input links and output links at each node. We also robust the network topology by extending the peer to peer IEEE 802.15.4-based. The adaptive topology from chain-based to grid-based can optimal our schemes. The simulation shows that these approaches are not only extending network lifetime to 48.2 percent but also increase around 6.08 percent the packet delivery ratio. The "hot spots" problem is also resolved with this approach.