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Comparison Study on CNR and SNR of Thoracic Spine Lateral Radiography (흉추 측면검사 영상의 CNR과 SNR 측정의 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Ki-Won;Min, Jung-Whan;Lyu, Kwang-Yeul;Kim, Jung-Min;Jeong, Hoi-Woun;Lee, Joo-Ah;Jung, Jae-Hong;Sung, Dong-Chan;Park, Soon-Cheol
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.273-280
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    • 2013
  • This study was proven for the T-spine breathing technique in lateral projection, using computer radiography (CR), charge coupled device (CCD), indirect digital radiography (IDR) and direct digital radiography (DDR). All images were evaluated and compared with CNR and SNR measured with the mean pixels and the standard deviation as setting ROI of spinous process, pedicle, vertebral body, intervertebral foramen and intervertebral disk using Image J. In experiment results of 4 type detectors, T-spine breathing technique was indicated as excellent in ROI of spinous process, pedicle, vertebral body, intervertebral foramen and intervertebral disk. As T-spine breathing technique indicated excellent images compared to the existing T-spine lateral radiography, this method would be useful for elderly patients who have difficulty in deep exhalation. This study was indicated the application possibility of T-spine breathing technique by presenting contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) with quantitative value in 4 type detectors.

Motor Evoked Potential Study with Magnetic Stimulation in Ischemic Stroke Patients (허혈성 뇌졸중 환자에서 Magnetic Stimulation에 의한 운동유발전위 반응)

  • Kim, Seong-Min;Suh, Sang-Dug;Lee, Jun;Hah, Jung-Sang
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.248-261
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    • 1994
  • This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical usefulness of magnetic motor evoked potential (MEP) in the diagnosis of stroke and predicting the motor improvement following stroke. The cortical, cervical and lumbar stimulations were performed in the case of 24 healthy controls and 24 ischemic stroke patients. The central motor conduction time (CMCT) was represented by the difference of latency to a target muscle between after transcranial stimulation and after cervical or lumbar stimulation. There was no case showing no response in controls. But in 11 out of 24 ischemic patients, we could not get cortical MEP. Mean CMCT of abductor pollicis brevis muscle was not significantly different in controls and stroke patients in whom MEPs were recorded. There were significant differences between mean CMCT of normal controls and that of stroke patients showing MEPs in AH Muscle. MEP Results from testing the stroke patients were correlated with site of lesion, degree of motor weakness and motor improvement after 1 to 2 months. These results suggest that magnetic MEP is easy and useful in electrophysiological test of central motor pathway and is useful indicator for representing the motor weakness and predicting the motor outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients.

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Early Growth and Characteristic of Histological Eye Development in Post Parturition Dark banded Rockfish, Sebastes inermis (볼락, Sebastes inermis 산출 후 초기 성장 및 눈의 조직학적 발달 특성)

  • Park, In-Seok;Park, Hye-Jung;Gil, Hyun-Woo;Goo, In-Bon
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 2012
  • Importance of behavior factors or environmental factors in visual organization and visual function of fish is treated with great care in visual ecology, and there is no study about initial ocular growth and development on the dark banded rockfish, Sebastes inermis. Thus, this study was performed. The total length, head length, head depth, eye diameter and lens diameter of the dark banded rockfish showed positive allometric relationship between parturition stage and 60 days post-parturition (dpp). The increase in total length relative to head length and head depth, head length growth relative to eye diameter and lens diameter, and head depth growth relative to eye and lens diameter were nearly isometric. The eyes were formed completely at parturtion stage. At this age, the eye has an optic nerve fiber layer, a ganglion cell layer, an inner plexiform layer, an inner nuclear layer, an outer plexiform layer, an outer nuclear layer, an outer limiting membrane, a rod and cone layer and an epithelial layer. Thickness of retina at 60 dpp was higher than that of at parturition stage. During this experiment, the proportion of the rod and cone layer, outer nuclear layer, and optic nerve fiber layer of retina were significantly increased, while the proportion of the outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer of retina were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The essential demands that must be met by the retina in this species pertain to light sensitivity and spatial resolution.

Morphological and Skeletal Development of Larvae and Juveniles of Entomacrodus stellifer lighti (Herre) (저울베도라치, Entomacrodus stellifer lighti 자치어(仔稚魚)의 형태(形態)와 골격발달)

  • Kim, Yong-Uk;Han, Kyeong-Ho;Kang, Chung-Bae
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.31-43
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    • 1992
  • The blenniid fish, Entomacrodus stellifer light(Herre) is distributed in the coastal waters of southern Japan and south-eastern Korea. Matured adults of blenniid fish were collected from the rocky shore of Namchun-dong, Nam-gu, Pusan, Korea in July, 1991. The observations were made on the morphology and skeletal development of the reared larvae and juveniles. The lavae reached 5.80mm in mean total length(MTL) in 10 days after hatching. A this time the larvae have absorbed the yolk completely and became postlarvae. Melanophores are distributed on the fin membrane of the lower part of pectoral fin and ventral margins of tail. The larvae averaged 6.20mm in TL and the caudal notochord flex at $45^{\circ}$ in 13 days after hatching. The part of the fin-fold of the future dorsal and anal fins became high. The lavae reached juvenile stage in 31 days after hatching and attained 15.80mm in MTL, and all fin-rays was formed. Ossification of the cranium took place at 6.20mm of MTL(11 days after hatching) in parasphenoid. Vertebrae began to develop from the anterior end to ossify posteriorly. Ossification of all bones nearly completed when the larvae reached to 15.80mm in MTL (31 days after hatching).

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Melatonin for Treatment of Delirium in Hospitalized Patients : Retrospective Trial (입원 환자의 섬망 치료에서 멜라토닌의 효과에 관한 후향적 연구)

  • Yang, Jung Woo;Kim, Jong Woo;Kang, Won Sub;Lee, Sang Min;Kim, Young Jong;Paik, Jong-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.112-118
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : Delirium is one of the most common mental illnesses that can affect cognitive function. Melatonin has been shown to be effective in the treatment of insomnia, and recent studies have shown a protective effect to prevent delirium. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of melatonin in delirium patients. Methods : All patients were referred to psychiatric department for insomnia and symptoms of delirium, and were diagnosed delirium by the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. We compared base line severity of delirium with K-DRS-R-98-R (Korean version of Delirium Rating Scale revised 98) and after taking 2mg of melatonin, retrospectively. The side effects were also identified by referring to the medical records. Results : A total 21 patients had taken melatonin for insomnia and delirious symptoms. The K-DRS-R-98 scores were decreased from $15.24{\pm}2.64$ before treatment to $6.57{\pm}5.42$ after treatment. And CGI-S scores were also decreased from $4.14{\pm}0.48$ before treatment to $2.81{\pm}0.93$ after treatment (p<0.05). Conclusions : This study illustrates the possibility of melatonin as an effective treatment option for delirious symptoms such as disorientation, motor agitation, lability of affect and hallucinations as well as insomnia, with less concerns of drug side effect. Further study with a larger sample and prospective design will be required to confirm these results.

Wayu during the late Chosun Period and Gyeongsan Lee Han Jin's (조선 후기의 산수(山水) 와유(臥遊)와 경산(京山) 이한진(李漢鎭)의 <속어부사(續漁父詞)>)

  • Jo, Eun-byeol
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.70
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    • pp.185-210
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    • 2018
  • This thesis investigates wrote by Lee Han Jin who edited "Chung Ku Young Un(靑丘永言)" with supposition that was affected by Lee Han Jin's literary activity and poetic direction, and Wayu(臥遊) was enjoyed by Sajok(士族) in the late Chosun Period. Lee Han Jin kept company with The Yeonam Faction and their friendship was based on Lee Han Jin's blood-relationship. Lee Han Jin's musical sense and poetic direction are verified by records about their poetic activity. In his old age, Lee Han Jin retired in the Yeongpyeong of Gyeonggido and edited "Chung Ku Young Un", Lee Han Jin's poetic direction is also verified by Sijo's theme which was included in "Chung Ku Young Un" and Lee Han Jin's Sijo. Meanwhile, Kyunghwasajok(京華士族) in the late Chosun Period wanted to overcome their situation that they could not leave city by imagination about landscape. That activity was Wayu. They didn't consider whether they see landscape, and they made good use of many genre of literature for effective Wayu. Lee Han Jin and his group's literary activity was formed by that cultural air. Lee Han Jin wrote though his retirement in mountain. It was also for effective imagination about landscape that he didn't see. So unworldly landscape was appeared in compared to other fishermen motif poems. The tension between Situation that he couldn't see real landscape and desire for effective Wayu get solved by form named that have distinct characteristic as a Jipgusi(集句詩).

Antipsychotics Induced Etrapyramidal Symptoms in Schizophrenics in Relation to Cytochrome P450 2D6 Genotype (정신분열병 환자에서 Cytochrome P450 2D6 유형에 따른 부작용에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Min Soo;Nam, Jong Won
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.189-192
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    • 1999
  • The genetically determined CYP2D6 activity may be considered to be associated with antipsychotic induced extrapyramidal side effects with interindividual variation. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and MspI restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP) for 194 schizophrenics. Subjects with a 334bp band were classified a1a1, those with 229bp and 105bp bands a2a2, and those with all three bands a1-a2. We did not identify schizophrenic subject with poor metabolizer. 194 schizophrenic patients previously treated neuroleptic medication, were assessed by Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS).The cases were composed of 33 akathisia, 47 parkinsonism, 21 tardive dyskinesia. These results are similar to the previous understanding that the poor metabolizer is very rare in Orientals compared to Caucasians, therefore, it considered that CYP2D6 genotypes have maybe no association with schizophrenia and extrapyramidal side effects in Koreans.

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Hypotension during Percutaneous Vertebroplasty with PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) -A case report- (경피적 추체 성형술 중 발생한 저혈압 -증례 보고-)

  • Park, Jin-Woo;Kim, Haa-Soo;Lim, Se-Hun;Kim, Jeong-Hun;Jeong, Soon-Ho;Choe, Young-Kyun;Kim, Young-Jae;Shin, Chee-Mahn;Park, Ju-Yuel
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.126-129
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    • 2000
  • Age-related osteoporotic compression fractures occur frequently in old aged group recently. Percutaneous vertebroplasty has recently been introduced as a therapeutic method for the treatment of pain associated with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Percutaneous intravertebral injection of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) results in marked reduction in pain and morbidity. Among complications during vertebroplasty with PMMA, pulmonary embolism is repotred occasionally but the reports about hypotension are not common. This case is a report of a patient whom significant hypotension occured during percutaneous vertebroplasty.

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Arteriovenous Fistula after C1-2 Posterior Transarticular Screw Fixation - Case Report - (환축추체 후방 나사고정술 후 생긴 동정맥루)

  • Lee, Hyuk Gi;Cho, Jae Hoon;Lee, Sung Lak;Kang, Dong Gee;Kim, Sang Chul;Kim, Yong Sun
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.280-285
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    • 2000
  • Posterior transarticular screw fixation for atlantoaxial instability due to trauma or rheumatoid arthritis provides immediate rigid fixation of the C1-2 vertebral segment while preserving motion between the occiput and C1. This technique provides more resistance to translational and rotational forces than wiring technique. However, the technique of transarticular screw fixation is inherently demanding because of the complex anatomy of the occipitocervical region and vertebral artery(VA) at risk for arterial damage. VA injury may lead to serious subsequent neurological deficits and possibly death from bilateral VA injury. We report a case of a vertebral artery-to-epidural venous plexus fistula after posterior transarticular screw fixation which was treated with balloon occlusion.

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Classification of Vertebral Body Fractures with Two-level Posterior Column Injuries of the Thoracolumbar Spine (두 개의 수준을 침범한 후주손상을 동반한 흉요추부 추체 골절의 분류)

  • Koh, Young-Do;Jeong, Hoon;Yeo, Sung-Gu
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: We evaluate the characteristics of vertebral body fractures in two level flexion-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine Methods: The findings of radiographs, computed tomographs, and MRIs of 43 patients with flexion-distraction injuries combined with vertebral body fractures were retrospectively evaluated. We divided the patients with bursting fractures into two groups, the distractive group (posterior vertebral height ratio >1) and the compressive group (vertebral height ratio <1). Results: There were 23 compression fractures and 20 bursting fractures. In bursting fractures, the distractive group had 5 cases, and the compressive group 15 cases. In 24 cases (55.8%), the interspinous distances were widened. The average of the canal encroachment was 4% in the distractive group and 40% in the compressive group. At last follow-up, the average loss of correction was 2.0 degree in compression fractures and 2.7 degree in bursting fractures. Conclusion: The configurations of vertebral body fractures in flexion-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine were varied as to the location of the axis of flexion. Because bursting fractures in flexion-distraction injuries had distractive or compressive features, one should consider that in establishing operative plan.