• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.267-272
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• 2007

In the construction industry government is not only an owner but also a consumer. Accordingly it should develop the construction industry and this role is important. Among them, the law of the ordering method is standards of selecting a successful bidder and have powerful influence over the construction industry and owners. Therefore this study said how the lowest bid method, which has taken effect still more, has influence on the construction industry and the public sector with the Causal Loop Diagram. According to analyzing this construction law, we can grasp the point of the strength and weakness of this law also examine a trend of how the present law is changed. While we studied, we tried to adhere to neutrality and form a new opinion about it because the previous studies were opposed to each other. As a result, to improve the relation between the government and private company, which were opposed to each other about arguments for and against the lowest bid method, this study suggest the method of making better the relation. The final goal of it is researching the inefficient factors and improving the weakness of this law.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.121-131
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• 2006

Since "Act on Private Participation in Infrastructure" were changed in January 2005, BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) projects of Private Participation In Infrastructure was introduced in the domestic construction market for the purpose of providing public facilities with the public. Selecting the most qualified Promoter should be considered discreetly in BTL projects because BTL projects is for projects with approximately thirty year project life cycle, plan, construction, operating, maintenance and obviously the success of the project totally depends on the capability and role of concessionaire. However, score for cost is likely to influence designating concessionaire to take the project. Accordingly, low bid contract with too much competition could decrease the quality of the construction plan and operating plan. Thus, this study did preliminary research and documents on problems of evaluation criteria for designating concessionaire in BTL projects, and proposed improvement program by doing questionnaire over specialists of each field.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.87-100
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to explore audience perceptions of and responses to broadcasting deliberation and analyze their characteristics. The study employed factor and cluster analyses to categorize audience perceptions of broadcasting deliberation, resulting in the identification of six types of preferences: strict standards applied to positive deliberation etc. The results indicate that audiences, which can be categorized into three types, are more likely to prefer positive deliberation over broadcasting codes. The ratio of civil compliance to a minimum standard of positive deliberation is higher than ratios involving the other standards that were included in the study. The study applied a range of theories, such as cognitive dissonance, inconsistency of perception and response, and psychological reactance, to examine and distinguish audience perceptions and responses. The study's findings provide valuable information for researchers and interested organizations and can help to lay a cornerstone for systematically classifying audience perceptions and needs in the future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.75-97
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• 2007

The purpose of this article is to explore French 'minima sociaux', focusing its scheme, benefit determination rule and its level appreciation. First, on the its structure domain, French 'minima sociaux' presents the plural system in which there is eight categorical benefits and one general benefit. Il is the representation of the intention to guarantee minimum income for the dead zone people out of the social insurance application and also a historical product in different period, by different logic of benefits implementation. Second, comparing nine benefits based on the benefit determination rule, level of benefits for the poor without work ability is higher than one for the poor with work ability. Il represents one polarized perception toward for the poor according to have or not its work ability. Third, comparing level of 'minima sociaux' with relative poverty line, the level of the most 'minima sociaux' is placed under the poverty line. Nevertheless, it must not forget that 'minima sociaux' plays its role as the fundamental alternative for poverty alleviation, but not the only alternative. Fourth and finally, comparing with minimum income guarantee(SMIC in french), level of RMI benefit is estimated merely on the 50% of SMIC. We can consider that it is the result of the interaction of the complex factors, as the limited role of the state toward the minimum income guarantee for the RMI beneficiary and the intervention the logic of status instead of the logic of need, etc..

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2014

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to identify the level of parental fever phobia and to investigate the relationship between level of parental concern about fever and related variables. Methods: Participants were 151 parents of children who visited a pediatric outpatient clinic. A selfreported structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ${\chi}^2$-test. Results: Almost half of participants defined a minimum temperature for fever as $37.8^{\circ}C$ and a minimum temperature for high fever as $38.9^{\circ}C$. About 75% of participants identified harmful effects of fever as seizure and brain damage, were 'very worried' about fever, measured their child's temperature every hour or less, provided tepid massage and woke children to give antipyretics during febrile illness. There were significant relationships between level of parental concerns about fever and prior experience of febrile seizures, and/or being parents of a single child. Conclusion: Results indicate that fever phobia is prevalent among parents. Further studies are needed to develop and evaluate childhood fever management educational programs for parents. Considering health care providers as a primary information resource about fever management, health care providers should play a vital role to reduce parental unrealistic concerns about fever.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04b
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• pp.114-116
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• 2007

우리나라는 에너지자원의 해외의존도가 높고 에너지다소비 산업구조를 가지고 있으며 또한 국제유가 등락에 따라 경제가 큰 영향을 받으므로 이에 대한 대처방안으로 합리적인 에너지 이용효율개선과 범국민적 에너지절약의 중요성 갈수록 높아만 가고 있는 실정이다. 에너지절약을 위하여 고효율 변압기를 채택하는 방법도 전력용변압기의 효율적 이용방안중의 하나이므로, 본 연구는 국내 전력용변암기의 평균연간 부하율을 도출하여 합리적이고 타당성 있는 고효율변압기 기술기준안 작성을 위한 자료제공을 목적으로 수행되었으며, 연구결과 도출된 내용은 국내 전력용변압기의 최저효율제 국내기준 마련 둥 변압기 관련기준안을 검토 보완하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2004

This study was carried out to establish a spatial decision support system for evaluating climatic aspects of a given geographic location in complex terrains with respect to the quality apple production. Monthly climate data from S6 synoptic stations across South Korea were collected for 1971-2000. A digital elevation model (DEM) with a 10-m cell spacing was used to spatially interpolate daily maximum and minimum temperatures based on relevant topoclimatological models applied to Jangsoo county in Korea. For daily minimum temperature, a spatial interpolation scheme accommodating the potential influences of cold air accumulation and the temperature inversion was used. For daily maximum temperature estimation, a spatial interpolation model loaded with the overheating index was used. Freezing risk in January was estimated under the recurrence intervals of 30 years. Frost risk at bud-burst and blossom was also estimated. Fruit quality was evaluated for soluble solids, anthocyanin content, Hunter L and A values, and LID ratio, which were expressed as empirical functions of temperature based on long-term field observations. AU themes were prepared as ArcGlS Grids with a 10-m cell spacing. Analysis showed that 11 percent of the whole land area of Jangsoo county might be suitable for quality 'Fuji' apple production. A computer program (MAPLE) was written to help utilize the results in decision-making for site-selection of new orchards in this region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.79.2-80
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• 1999

우리나라 기후에서 이탈리안라이그라스의 안전 재배지역을 한강이남 전역으로 확대하기 위하여 기존 품종을 강원도 둔네(1월 최저평균기온 -13~-14$^{\circ}C$ 지역)에 파종하여 월동한 개체를 선발하고 무성번식으로 증식하여 내한성 계통을 조성한 후 출수기가 유사한 5개의 계통을 polycross 삼각배치법으로 종자를 합성하였다. 1996년부터 1998년까지 수원, 남원 운봉, 경기 연천지역에서 외국으로부터 도입품종과 축산기술연구소에서 육성한 품종에 대한 이탈리안라이그라스의 내한성을 검정하여 내한성이 우수한 화산 101호를 육성하였다.(중략)

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1993

본 연구는 ‘90년과 ’91년에 수행한 면접 및 우편을 이용한 전화서비스 품질에 관한 사용자의 만족도 평가조사의 단점 및 미비점을 보완하기 위한 방법으로, 운영시스팀인 SLMOS 와 LCR을 이용하여 전화수리 및 전화가설공사가 완료된 이용자를 빠르게 파악하여, 군락표집 및 비례층화표집방법으로 피험자를 선정, 전화로 설문조사를 수행함으로써 신뢰성 및 타당성을 지닌 설문조사를 수행하였다. 이렇게 조사된 데이터를 CCITT가 MOS 측정에 대하여 권고한 지침에 의하여 분석하여, 이용자가 인내할 수 있는 최저 품질의 한계치를 구해보았다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 전화서비스품질의 기준값 작성이 가능하리라 본다.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

수학교육에서 목표지향형 평가는 교육목표를 세분화시키고 목표한 평가 기준에 성취해야할 최저 수준에 입각해서 하는 평가이다. 일반적으로 수학교육의 목표에는 문제해결능력의 향상, 새로운 지도법의 개발, 교과과정의 개발 및 그 교과목의 시행과 추천하고자하는 평가법, 자력에 의한 발전적인 문제 해결지도와 수학적 사고력 향상에 있으며 그런 사고력 검정을 위한 문제 출제 및 문제 변별력 측정, 문제 해결 시도를 위한 효과적인 지도법의 개발 등은 모두 수학과의 목표지향형 평가의 개선에 유익한 시도로 인정되고 있다.(중략)