• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.236-244
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• 2005

In this study, we introduce a new topology of Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Networks(FPNN) that is based on fuzzy relation and evolutionally optimized Multi-Layer Perceptron, discuss a comprehensive design methodology and carry out a series of numeric experiments. The construction of the evolutionally optimized FPNN(EFPNN) exploits fundamental technologies of Computational Intelligence. The architecture of the resulting EFPNN results from a synergistic usage of the genetic optimization-driven hybrid system generated by combining rule-based Fuzzy Neural Networks(FNN) with polynomial neural networks(PNN). FNN contributes to the formation of the premise part of the overall rule-based structure of the EFPNN. The consequence part of the EFPNN is designed using PNN. As the consequence part of the EFPNN, the development of the genetically optimized PNN(gPNN) dwells on two general optimization mechanism: the structural optimization is realized via GAs whereas in case of the parametric optimization we proceed with a standard least square method-based learning. To evaluate the performance of the EFPNN, the models are experimented with the use of several representative numerical examples. A comparative analysis shows that the proposed EFPNN are models with higher accuracy as well as more superb predictive capability than other intelligent models presented previously.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2008

This study estimated the genetic parameters and breeding values for the growth-related traits of the 1st generation produced in 2005. The heritability of body weight, total length, body height, body shape and condition factor of 180 days old olive flounders Paralichthys olivaceus, the 1st generation of selection, was estimated as 0.564, 0.590, 0.588, 0.306 and 0.332, respectively. And reproductivity of genetic evaluation for crossing superior flounders and inferior ones was tested using the subsequent generation produced in 2006 based on the breeding values of 1st generation. In the least-squares means of body weight and total length for each group of crossing, the values of crossing group between superior flounders ($S{\times}S$) showed $145.6{\pm}1.8\;g$ and $22.4{\pm}0.1\;cm$, respectively. The values of crossing group between superior and inferior flounders ($S{\times}I$) showed $133.2{\pm}2.5\;g$ and $22.1{\pm}0.1\;cm$, respectively. The values of crossing group between inferior flounders ($I{\times}I$) showed $114.0{\pm}2.1\;g$ and $21.08{\pm}0.12\;cm$, respectively. In the results, flounders are determined as appropriate selective breeding fish with the high heritability of flounders in early ages at 180 days old, and the reproductivity of genetic evaluation was also high.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to develop models for the predict of the milk properties (fat, protein, SNF, lactose, MUN) of unhomogenized milk using the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic technique. A total of 180 milk samples were collected from dairy farms. To determine optimal measurement temperature, the temperatures of the milk samples were kept at three levels ($5^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $40^{\circ}C$). A spectrophotometer was used to measure the reflectance spectra of the milk samples. Multilinear-regression (MLR) models with stepwise method were developed for the selection of the optimal wavelength. The preprocessing methods were used to minimize the spectroscopic noise, and the partial-least-square (PLS) models were developed to prediction of the milk properties of the unhomogenized milk. The PLS results showed that there was a good correlation between the predicted and measured milk properties of the samples at $40^{\circ}C$ and at 400~2,500 nm. The optimal-wavelength range of fat and protein were 1,600~1,800 nm, and normalization improved the prediction performance. The SNF and lactose were optimized at 1,600~1,900 nm, and the MUN at 600~800 nm. The best preprocessing method for SNF, lactose, and MUN turned out to be smoothing, MSC, and second derivative. The Correlation coefficients between the predicted and measured fat, protein, SNF, lactose, and MUN were 0.98, 0.90, 0.82, 0.75, and 0.61, respectively. The study results indicate that the models can be used to assess milk quality.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1990

The PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) method is applied to the quantitative analysis of trace elements in tap water, red wine, urine and old black powder samples. Sample irradiations are performed with a 1.202 MeV proton beam from the SNU 1.5-MV Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator, and measurements of X-ray spectra are made by the Si(Li) spectrometer To increase the sensitivity of analysis tap water is preconcentrated by evaporation method. As an internal standard, Ni powder is mixed with black powder sample and yttrium solution is added to the other samples. The analyses of the PIXE spectra are carried out by using the AXIL (Analytical X-ray Analysis by Iterative Least-squares) computer code, in which the routine for least-squares method is based on the Marquardt algorithm. The elements such as Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Fe and Zn are analyzed at sub-ppm levels in the tap water sample. In the red wine sample prepared without preconcentration. the element Ti is detected in the amount of 3ppm. In conclusion, the PIXE method is proved to be appropriate for the analysis of liquid samples by relative measurements using the internal standard. and is expected to be improved by the use of evaluated X-ray production cross-sections and the development of sample preparation techniques.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2003

The KSR-3 magnetometers consist of the fluxgate magnetometer (MAG/AIM) for acquiring the rocket flight attitude information, and the search-coil magnetometer (MAG/SIM) for the observation of the Earth's magnetic fluctuations. The position (latitude, longitude, and height) and flight condition (the transformation angle) of the rocket is measured after the data based on these two magnetometers are compared with IGRF The gap in the vector of magnetic field between the position of the launching point and an impact point is taken into account in data reduction. Angular variation of pitch, yaw, and roll can be researched when the data is applied to the coordinate system of the rocket.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to develop models to predict freshness factors (total viable counts (TVC), pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), trimethylamine (TMA), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values) and the storage period in beef using a visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic technique. A total of 216 beef spectra were collected during the storage period from 0 to 14 d at a $10^{\circ}C$ storage. A spectrophotometer was used to measure reflectance spectra from beef samples, and beef freshness spectra were divided into a calibration set and a validation set. Multi-linear regression (MLR) models using the stepwise method were developed to predict the factors. The MLR results showed that beef freshness had a good correlation between the predicted and measured factors using the selected wavelength. The correlation of determination ($r^2$), standard error of prediction (SEP), and ratio of standard deviation to SEP (RPD) of the prediction set for TVC was 0.74, 0.64, and 2.75 Log CFU/$cm^2$, respectively. The $r^2$, SEP, and RPD values for pH were 0.43, 0.10, and 1.10; those for VBN were 0.73, 1.45, and 2.00 mg%; those for TMA were 0.70, 0.19, and 2.58 mg%; those for TBA values were 0.73, 0.13, and 2.77 mg MA/kg; and those for storage period were 0.77, 1.94, and 2.53 d, respectively. The results indicate that visible and NIR spectroscopy can predict beef freshness during storage.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.909-916
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• 2009

This paper presents the automatic vision algorithm to generate and calibrate reference phase plane to improve the accuracy of 3D measuring machine of using phase shifting projection moire method, which is not traditional N-bucket method, but is based on direct image processing method to the pattern projection image. Generally, to acquire accurate reference phase plane, the calibration specimen with well treated surface is needed, and detailed calibration method should be performed. For the cost reduction of specimen manufacturing and the calibration time reduction, on the specimen, not specially designed, with general accuracy level, an efficient calibration procedure for the reference phase generation is proposed. The proposed vision algorithm is developed to extract the line center points of the projected line pattern from acquired images, derive the line feature information consisting of its slope and intercept by using sampled feature points, and finally generate the related reference phase between line pairs. Experimental results show that the proposed method make reference phase plane with a good accuracy under noisy environment and the proposed algorithm can reduce the total cost to make high accurate calibration specimen, also increase the accuracy of reference phase plane, and reduce the complex calibration procedure to move grid via N-bucket algorithm precisely.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2004

Gaze detection is to locate the position on a monitor screen where a user is looking by computer vision. Gaze detection systems have numerous fields of application. They are applicable to the man-machine interface for helping the handicapped to use computers and the view control in three dimensional simulation programs. In our work, we implement it with a computer vision system setting a IR-LED based single camera. To detect the gaze position, we locate facial features, which is effectively performed with IR-LED based camera and SVM(Support Vector Machine). When a user gazes at a position of monitor, we can compute the 3D positions of those features based on 3D rotation and translation estimation and affine transform. Finally, the gaze position by the facial movements is computed from the normal vector of the plane determined by those computed 3D positions of features. In addition, we use a trained neural network to detect the gaze position by eye's movement. As experimental results, we can obtain the facial and eye gaze position on a monitor and the gaze position accuracy between the computed positions and the real ones is about 4.8 cm of RMS error.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

Location-based services with GPS positioning technology as a key technology, but recognizing the current location through satellite communication is not possible in an indoor location-aware technology, low-power short-range communication is primarily made of the study. Especially, as Chirp Spread Spectrum(CSS) based location-aware approach for low-power physical layer IEEE802.15.4a is selected as a standard, Ranging distance estimation techniques and data transfer speed enhancements have been more developed. It is known that the distance measured by CSS ranging has quite a lot of noise as well as its bias. However, the noise problem can be adjusted by modeling the non-zero mean noise value by a scaling factor which corresponds to the change of magnitude of a measured distance vector. In this paper, we propose a localization system using the CSS signal to measure distance for a mobile node taken a measurement of the exact coordinates. By applying the extended kalman filter and least mean squares method, the localization system is faster, more stable. Finally, we evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the proposed algorithm's performance by the experiment for the realization of localization system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.307-314
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• 2011

A new predistortion technique for dynamic spectrum allocation systems such as cognitive radio (CR) is proposed. The system model considered in this paper occupies a small band at a time, but the center frequency can be changed in the wide range of frequency. In this scenario. the front-end filter may not eliminate the harmonics of the power amplifier (PA) output. The proposed PD reduces the spectral regrowth of the fundamental signal at the carrier frequency (${\omega}_0$) and removes the harmonics ($2{\omega}_0$, $3{\omega}_0$, ...) at the same time. The proposed PD structure is composed of multiple predistorters (PDs) centered at integer multiples of ${\omega}_0$. The PD at ${\omega}_0$ is for removing spectral regrowth of the fundamental signal, and the others are for harmonic reduction. In the proposed PD structure, parameters of PDs are found jointly. Simulation results show that the spectral regrowth can be reduced by 20dB, and the 2nd and 3rd harmonics can be reduced down to -70dB from the power of the fundamental signal.