• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2009

Recently it is very interesting that the plant extracts use to prevent or treat the oral diseases. The present study was performed to observe the antibacterial effect on S. gordonii Challis, S. gordoii G9B, S. mutans GS5, S. sobriuns 6715, E. faecalis ATCC 4083, A. actinomycetem Y4, P. gingivalis A7A1-28, P. gingivalis W83, Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611, F. nucleatum KTCT 2488, C. albicans ATCC 18804 of Artemisa capillaris THUNB employing the viable cell counts. The results were as follows: 1. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) of extracts of Artemisa capillaris THUNB for P. gingivalis A7A1-28, P. gingivalis W83, and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611, which are the pathologic bacteria of periodontal diseases, was observed under 2%. 2. MIC of extracts of Artemisa capillaris THUNB for P. gingivalis A7A1-28 was determined to be 1.2% and MBC was determined to be 2.0% respectively. 3. MIC of extracts of Artemisa capillaris THUNB for P. gingivalis W83 was determined to be 1.4% and MBC was determined to be 2.0% respectively. 4. MIC of extracts of Artemisa capillaris THUNB for Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611 was determined to be 1.2% and MBC was determined to be 2.0% respectively. The overall results indicate that Artemisa capillaris THUNB used for this study has a strong antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis A7A1-28, P. gingivalis W83, and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611, which are the periodontopathic bacteria. Therefore, the extracts of Artemisa capillaris THUNB can be used as a candidate for prevention and therapeutic agent against periodontal diseases.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2001

In this study, occurrence of aflatoxin M$_1$(AEM$_1$) in domestic milk and milk products was determined. The level of AFM$_1$ in market milk (0.047 ppb) was lower than that in raw milk (0.083 pub) but this looks like that is due to dilution in collecting process rather than the effect of sterilization. In the case of nonfat dry milk, level of AFM$_1$appeared high by 0.24 ppb but it is thought to be not different from market milk actually because nonfat dry milk is diluted at intake. In the case of ice cream, finished products were contaminated with AFM$_1$of 0.020 ppd and also have the possibility of the contamination of AFB$_1$due to secondary raw material such as nuts and almond. On the basis of the results of this study and previous studies, Monte-Carlo simulation is conducted to estimate the contamination level of AFM$_1$in domestic market milk. To consider uncertainty and variability fitting procedure was passed through. And we used beta distribution to estimate the prevalence and triangular distribution to estimate the concentration level of AFM$_1$in milk. As a result, the 5%, 50% and 95% points of the distribution of the probability of AFM$_1$contamination level in milk is 0.0214, 0.0946 and 0.1888 ppb, respectively. Also we estimate that AFM$_1$in almost milk was low more than 0.5 ppb that is American acceptable level but 80.4% exceeded far 0.05 ppb that is European standard.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.611-616
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• 2017

The antibacterial activities of nine oriental herbal medicine extracts were measured against seven kinds of bacteria known to cause food poisoning and disease. The extracts were prepared with distilled water using an autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min). The extraction yields of nine oriental herbal medicines were in the rage of 0.5%-33.4%. The antibacterial activities were evaluated using the paper-disc method. Extracts of Hwangryeon, Jiyu, and Ohbaeja showed antibacterial activities while the others did not. Extracts of Coptis japonica, Hwangryeon, and Sanguisorba officinalis, Jiyu showed antibacterial activities only against Clostridium perfringens and Listeria monocytogenes. Extracts of Rhus javanica, Ohbaeja showed the strongest antibacterial activities against all the bacteria tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of R. javanica extracts were in the range of 2.4~20 mg/ml for the bacteria tested. In conclusion, the extract of R. javanica showed superior antibacterial activities against the seven bacterial strains tested. The MIC and MBC values for each bacterium were represented as strain names (MIC, MBC), which were Bacillus cereus (11.2, 20), Clostridium perfringens (2.4, 4.7), Escherichia coli (9.1, 9.1), Listeria monocytogenes (11.1, 20), Salmonella typhi (4.7, 9.1), Staphylococcus aureus (2.4, 4.7), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2.4, 5.3). Further purification and study of this antibacterial material would be helpful for developing antibiotics or promoting synergistic effects with known antibiotics, producing antibacterial material for lengthening the shelf-life of food, and so on.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.210-216
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• 2015

This study was investigated about the antibacterial effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AGE against E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus was 24, 48 and 24 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AGE against E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus was all of 96 mg/mL. The growth of E. coli O157:H7 was significantly inhibited at the concentration of AGE 24 mg/mL at 24 hr post-incubation (p < 0.01), but that of S. aureus was not significantly inhibited at the same concentration. However, the growth of S. aureus at the concentration of AGE 96 mg/mL was significantly inhibited at 24 hr post-incubation compared to that of untreated bacteria (p < 0.01). At the concentration of AGE 48 (p < 0.05) and 96 mg/mL (p < 0.001), the growth of S. typhimurim was significantly inhibited at 24 hr after incubation compared to that of untreated bacteria. With the results of this study, AGE can be used as alternative to antibiotics and chemical food preservatives.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2010

The aim of this work was to investigate the synergically bactericidal effects and cellular responses of tea polyphenols (TPP) and imipenem on imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Imipenem-resistant Ps. aeruginosa was isolated from patient in hospital. The bactericidal effects of TPP and imipenem were evaluated on the basis of its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The combined use of TPP and imipenem resulted in 16-fold and 8-fold reductions in the MICs of imipenem for the imipenem-susceptible and imipenem-resistant Ps. aeruginosa, respectively. The bactericidal effects of the imipenem and TPP against the Ps. aeruginosa was evaluated using the time-kill assay. The synergetic effects of the combinations of TPP and imipenem against Ps. aeruginosa were confirmed. Western blot using anti-DnaK and anti-GroEL monoclonal antibodies was performed to investigate the expression of stress shock proteins (SSPs) in imipenem-susceptible and imipenem-resistant strains exposed to TPP. The amount of SSPs were induced as the exposure time increased and decreased. The molecular weights of DnaK and GroEL were 70 kDa and 60 kDa, respectively. SDS-PAGE with silver staining revealed that the amount of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) increased or decreased in the strain treated to different concentrations and exposing periods of TPP. Scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated the presence of umblicated and wrinkled surfaces for cells treated with TPP or imipenem.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 1992

Residue of Propineb in Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) seed was determined to establish an index for the safety use of Propineb to Sesame. Evaluation was made on residual concentration of Propineb in Sesame seed as a function of application frequency and date when the mixed formulations of Propineb(56%), protectant fungicide, and Oxadixyl(8%), contact fungicide, were sprayed into Sesame leaves. Level of Propineb treatment was $0.028g/m^2$ with various combinations of application time from three to sixty days before harvest. Results are summarized as followings. 1. Recovery percentages of Propineb from Sesame seed were ranged from 84 to 96, and the minimum detectable limit of Propineb with the method employed in this experiment was 0.03mg/kg. 2. Residues of Propineb in Sesame seed were in the ranges of 0.14 to 1.38mg/kg, varying with frequency and date of Propineb application. 3. Residues of Propineb increased as increasing application frequency of Propineb or as being application date closer to harvest time. 4. Residue of Propineb in Sesame seed was decreased with time, showing to be fitted to the first-order kinetics. 5. Residues of Propineb in Sesame seen were, irresepective of treatments, lower than 2mg/kg, the Maximum Residue Limit(MRL) established by FAO/WHO. 6. Half-life of Propineb determined in this experiment was ranged from 12 to 16 days.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.611-618
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• 2001

The ethanol extract of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai showed strong growth inhibition against 5 strains of Listeria monocytogenes at the concentrations of $100{\sim}500$ ppm and the minimum inhibitory concentration of n-hexane fraction was under 50 ppm. The D8-2-5 fraction isolated from n-hexane fraction of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai showed a strong bactericidal activity on 5 strains of L. monocytogenes at 20 ppm level in tryptic soy broth medium. At the level, the viable count was reduced $4{\sim}6$ log cycle compared to initial cell number. Observation by the measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents and transmission electron microscope showed that disruptions of the cell wall and elution of intracellular ATP are assumed to be due to the bactericidal activity. In addition, the n-hexane fraction of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai showed the strong growth inhibitions at 50 ppm on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Bacillus cereus, and at 25 ppm on Staphylococcus aureus.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of (-)-epigalocatechin on Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. To test the antimicrobial effect of (-)-epigalocatechin, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of against 4 strains of F. nucleatum, 2 strains of P. intermedia, and 2 strains of P. gingivalis was measured by broth dilution method. Time-kill curves were assessed for susceptible bacteria, testing $0{\times}MIC$ (control group), $0.5{\times}MIC$, $1{\times}MIC$, and $2{\times}MIC$ for (-)-epigalocatechin, by counting viable bacteria after 3, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440 minutes. The MIC of (-)-epigalocatechin was 0.312-0.625, 0.625, and 0.625 mg/ml on the strains of F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis, respectively. Time-kill curves demonstrated (-)-epigalocatechin had bactericidal activity on P. intermedia ATCC $25611^T$, P. gingival is ATCC 53978, and F. nucleatum subsp. fusiforme ATCC $51190^T$. The results suggest that (-)-epigalocatechin can be useful in developing the oral hygiene product such as tooth past and gargling solution for the prevention of periodontal diseases.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1978

The difference in antimicrobial susceptibility of multiply drug-resistant Salmonella typhi by the methods of test was tested against chloramphenicol(Cm), tetracycline(Tc), ampicillin(Ap), kanamycin(Km), and rifampicin(Rif), and the results were compared by the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC). No appreciable difference was noted between MICs of Cm, Tc, and Rif measured by agar plate dilution(plate) method and broth dilution(broth) method. However, MICs of Km to about a half of test strains were 4 to 8-fold higher by broth method than plate method, and MICs of Ap by broth method were also a little higher than plate method in some strains. Cm and Rif were bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal to the most of test strains in high concentrations. Tc, Ap and Km were exclusively bactericidal to the test strains.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.255-258
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of natural antimicrobials on Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Korean slaughterhouses. A mixture of 15 strains of L. monocytogenes at low (3 Log CFU/mL) or high (7 Log CFU/mL) concentration was exposed to various extracts (grapefruit seed extract, citrus fruit extract, ginger extract, pear extract, Japanese apricot concentrate, balloon flower extract, jujube extract, and omija extract) at $0.001-4.0{\mu}g/mL$. Ginger extract, pear extract, Japanese apricot concentrate, balloon flower extract, jujube extract, or omija extract showed no antimicrobial effects on high-concentration of L. monocytogenes (7 Log CFU/mL). However, grapefruit seed extract and citrus fruit extract showed antibacterial effects against L. monocytogenes at 3 and 7 Log CFU/mL with MBCs of 0.001 and $0.002{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. These results indicate that grapefruit seed extract and citrus fruits extract can be used to control L. monocytogenes as natural antimicrobials.