• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 2016

5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a pyrimidine analog, is a widely used anticancer drug, which works through irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase. In the present study, it was investigated the anti-proliferative effects and molecular mechanisms of 5-FU using Ewing's Sarcoma CHP-100 Cells. The present data indicated that treatment of 5-FU to CHP-100 cells induced a G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle in a time-dependent manner. 5-FU-induced G1 arrest was correlated with the accumulation of the hypophosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and association of pRB with the transcription factors E2F-1 and E2F-4. Although 5-FU treatment did affect the levels of cyclin-dependent kinases, the levels of cyclin A and B were markedly down-regulated as compared with the untreated control group. In addition, 5-FU-induced G1 arrest of CHP-100 cells was also associated with the induction of apoptosis, as determined by apoptotic cell morphologies, degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and Annexin V staining. Furthermore, 5-FU induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with up-regulated pro-apoptotic Bax expression, down-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. Collectively, the data suggest that 5-FU is effective in inducing cell growth reduction and apoptosis, in part, by reducing phosphorylation of pRB and activating mitochondrial dysfunction in CHP-100 cells.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.205-215
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate alterations of pregnant gait by means of 3 different treads of stairs. 9 subjects(body masses; $59.41{\pm}7.49$, $64.03{\pm}6.65$, $67.26{\pm}7.58$, heights; $160.50{\pm}6.35$ ages; $31.22{\pm}2.99$; parity; $1.67{\pm}0.71$) participated in three experiments that were divided by physiological symptoms(the early(0-15 weeks), middle(16-27 weeks) and last(18-39 weeks), and walked at self-selected pace on 4 staircases 3 trials. As extending the pregnancy period, cadence was shorter but cycle time was longer more and more and the difference of maximum and minmum moments between right and left knee joint moment was smaller. With the treads of stair decent lengthening, speed and stride lengths were increased. As extending the treads of stair decent, joint moments of both feet were particular traits, hip joint was asymmetric but joint moments of knee and ankle were symmetric. These findings may account for relation between the treads of stair and moments and suggest that women may adapt their gait to maximize stability and to control gait motion for themselves in pregnant women.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2008

The maturity and spawning of Korean flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri were investigated using samples randomly collected in the East Sea of Korea from May 2005 to September 2008. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in December and reached a maximum between March and May. After spawning it began to decrease from June. The spawning period was March to June, and the main spawning period was April to May. Annual reproductive cycles of this species can be divided into four successive stages; immature stage (July~November), maturing stage (December~February), mature stage (March~April) and spent stage (May~June). The fecundity ranged from 15,146 eggs at 24.1 cm (TL) to 101,491 eggs at 38.1 cm (TL). The relationship between total length (TL) and fecundity (F) can be expressed as $F=0.0004TL^{3.449}$ ($R^2=0.663$), with F increasing with TL. The TL at 50% group maturity ($TL_{50%}$) was estimated to be 25.6 cm.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.786-791
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• 2007

Korean high speed train(HSR-350x) has adopted a combined electrical and mechanical(friction) braking system. Brake blending control unit(BBCU) controls each brake system to fulfill the required brake performances such as braking distance, deceleration and jerk. Also the braking system should be designed considering the economical management, such as effective use of generated braking energy and the minimum wear of friction materials(a pad and a brake shoe). In this paper, we establish the disc braking force pattern that reduces the wear of pad in the disc braking system by minimizing the variance of the instantaneous disk baking energy during braking time, and compare the wear mass of pad between the conventional disc braking force pattern and the established results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.122-130
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• 2006

Congenital Missing Teeth(hypodontia, oligodontia) is the developmental absence of one or more teeth. It has been reported as being the most common anomaly of dental development in human, relatively common in the permanent dentition. In a recent review, Vastardis has quoted incidence ranges of $1.6%{\sim}9.6%$ in the permanent dentition. Brook has quoted a prevalence of $3.5%{\sim}6.5%$ in most populations, with severe hypodontia, defined as the absence of six or more teeth, having a prevalence of $0.3{\sim}0.4%$. The most commonly affected teeth are third molars, followed by maxillary lateral incisor, and second premolars. The etiology is unknown, several hypotheses include trauma, nutritional deficiency, infection, metabolic abnormalities, systemic disease and genetic influence. The multiple congenital missing is commonly associated with specific syndrome or severe systemic abnormalities such as cleft lip & palate and Down's syndrome. These cases present that children have multiple congenital missing teeth in the permanent dentition, without any systemic disease. Management of this condition must be considered orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment comprehensively. In these cases, children were treated by space maintainer or orthodontic appliance and follow-up checked.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of muscle, gonad-viceral, mass and whole body of the cultured ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii in the Gamag bay of Yeosu city were studied from December 2008 to November 2009 in relation to environmental condition and reproductive cycles. Average monthly water temperature in the winter was in the range of $7-12^{\circ}C$ and $20-25^{\circ}C$ in the summer, while the salinity fluctuated in the range of 30.1%-33.8‰ on the average. Seasonal fluctuation of the concentration of nutrient salt was the highest in September ($13.04{\mu}g/L$) with average annual concentration of $4.6{\mu}g/L$. The main spawning season of the ark shell was during the months of July and August, and the gonads were in inactive stage during the winter. The gonad-visceral mass contained lower amounts of proteins than the other body parts. The most marked changes in body composition were lipids and carbohydrates within the gonad-visceral mass, and protein for each of the organs was relatively consistent throughout the year. All the parts in the visceral sac displayed the highest changes during the gametogenic cycle while the contents of moisture and lipid within the visceral act displayed somewhat inverse relations with each other. Moisture content was the lowest during the inactive stage during which the lipid content is the highest. The lipid content was the lowest immediately following spawning with increase in the moisture content as the lipid is being consumed. Protein mass within the visceral sac was low in comparison to the muscle mass. It is deemed that carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the visceral sac play the major role as the source of energy during the development process of the gonads, and used for maintenance of base metabolism when available food is scarce.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.29-50
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• 2019

This study was to suggest the considerations for application profiles of 2019 revised RDA using literature reviews and case studies according to new RDA that revised in order to reflect the LRM and linked data. First, the additional elements were recommended as the contents of application profiles such as inverse element, broader element, narrow element, domain, range, alternate label name, mapping to MARC, mapping to BIBFRAME, and RDA description examples as new elements as well as element name, element ID, element URL, description method, vocabulary encoding scheme, data provenance element, data provenance value, and notes as the elements that were already suggested by previous researches. Second, RDA rules' representations in forms of flow chart and application profiles through analyzing RDA rules were suggested in order to apply the rules to RDA application profiles to structure the rules in which every element has 4 types of description method, many conditions, and options. Third, the RDA mapping to BIBFRAME was suggested in RDA application profiles because RDA and BIBFRAME are co-related in context of content standard and encoding format, and mapping BIBFRAME and RDA is necessitated for programming BIBFRAME editors with RDA as content standard. This study will contribute to find the methods for constructing RDA application profiles and BIBFRAME application profiles with RDA as content standard.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.254-260
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• 2017

The service life of civil infrastructure needs to be maintained or extended through appropriate inspections and maintenance planning, which results from the optimization process. A multi-objective optimization process can lead to more rational and flexible trade-off solutions rather than a single-objective optimization for the service life management of civil infrastructure. Recent investigations on the service life management of civil infrastructure were generally based on minimizing the life-cycle cost analysis and maximizing the structural performance. Various objectives for service life management have been developed using novel probabilistic concepts and methods over the last few decades. On the other hand, an increase in the number of objectives in a multi-objective optimization problem can lead to difficulties in computational efficiency, visualization, and decision making. These difficulties can be overcome using the objective reduction approach to identify the redundant and essential objectives. As a result, the efficiency in computational efforts, visualization, and decision making can be improved. In this paper, the multi-objective optimization using the objective reduction approach was applied to the service life management of concrete bridges. The results showed that four initial objectives can be reduced by two objectives for the optimal service life management.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.215-227
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• 2018

As Korea is rapidly becoming an IT powerhouse in the short term, various side effects such as cyber violence, personal information leakage and cyber terrorism are emerging as new social problems. Especially, the seriousness of leakage of personal information, which is the basis of safe cyber life, has been highlighted all over the world. In this regard, it is necessary to estimate the amount of the damage cost due to the leakage of personal information. In this study, we propose four evaluation methods to calculate the cost of damages due to personal information leakage according to average real transactions value, personally recognized value, compensation amount basis, and comparison to similar countries. We analyzed data from 2007 to 2016 to collect personal information leakage cases for 10 years and estimated the cost of damages. The number of cases used in the estimation is 65, and the total number of personal information leakage is about 430 million. The estimated cost of personal information leakage in 2016 was estimated to be at least KRW 7.4 billion, up to KRW 220 billion, and the 10 year average was estimated at from KRW 10.7 billion to KRW 307 billion per year. Also, we could find out the singularity that the estimated damage due to personal information leakage increases every three years. In the future, this study will be able to provide an index that can measure the damage cost caused by the leakage of personal information more accurately, and it can be used as an index of measures to reduce the damage cost due to personal information leakage.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2002

this paper, we propose a flexible, reusable, and extensible HL7 encoding and decoding framework using a Message Object Model (MOM) and Message Definition Repository (MDR). The MOM provides an abstract HL7 message form represented by a group of objects and their relationships. It reflects logical relationships among the standard HL7 message elements such as segments, fields, and components, while enforcing the key structural constraints imposed by the standard. Since the MOM completely eliminates the dependency of the HL7 encoder and decoder on platform-specific data formats, it makes it possible to build the encoder and decoder as reusable standalone software components, enabling the interconnection of arbitrary heterogeneous hospital information systems(HISs) with little effort. Moreover, the MDR, an external database of key definitions for HL7 messages, helps make the encoder and decoder as resilient as possible to future modifications of the standard HL7 message formats. It is also used by the encoder and decoder to perform a well formedness check for their respective inputs (i. e., HL7 message objects expressed in the MOM and encoded HL7 message strings). Although we implemented a prototype version of the encoder and decoder using JAVA, they can be easily packaged and delivered as standalone components using the standard component frameworks like ActiveX, JAVABEAN, or CORBA component.