• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.332-345
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• 2019

Maximum dip vector of individual joint plane, which can be uniquely defined on the hemispherical projection plane, has been established by considering its dip and dip direction. A new stereographic projection method for the rock slope analysis which employs the maximum dip vector can intuitively predict the failure modes of rock slope. Since the maximum dip vector is uniquely projected on the maximum dip point of the great circle, the sliding direction of discontinuity plane can be recognized directly. By utilizing the maximum dip vector of discontinuity both the plane sliding and toppling directions of corresponding blocks can be discerned intuitively. Especially, by allocating the area of high dip maximum dip vector which can form the flanks of sliding block the potentiality for the formation of virtual sliding block has been estimated. Also, the potentiality of forming the triangular-sectioned sliding block has been determined by considering the dip angle of joint plane the dip direction of which is nearly opposite to that of the slope face. Safety factors of the different-shaped blocks of triangular section has been estimated and compared to the safety factor of the most hazardous block of rectangular section. For the wedge analysis the direction of crossline of two intersecting joint planes, which has same attribute of the maximum dip vector, is used so that wedge failures zone can be superimposed on the stereographic projection surface in which plane and toppling failure areas are already lineated. In addition the maximum dip vector zone of wedge top face has been delineated to extract the wedge top face-forming joint planes the orientation of which provides the vital information for the analysis of mechanical behavior of wedge block.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.221-228
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• 2008

To estimate array shape with reference sources in SONAR systems, nearfield signal modeling is required for the reference sources near a towed array. Array shape estimation method based on the nearfield signal modeling generally exploits the spatial covariance matrix of the received reference sources. Among those method, nearfield eigenvector method uses the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue as a steering vector of the reference source. In this paper, we propose a simplified subspace fitting method based on the nearfield signal modeling with spherical wave modeling. Furthermore, we analyze performance of the array shape estimation methods based on the nearfield signal modeling for various environments. The results of the numerical experiments indicate that the simplified subspace fitting method and the nearfield eigenvector method with single reference source shows almost similar performance. Furthermore, the simplified subspace fitting method with 2 reference sources consistently estimates the shape of the array regardless of the incident angle of the reference sources, whereas the nearfield eigenvector method cannot apply for the case of 2 reference sources.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.341-352
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to statistically project future probable rainfall and to quantitatively assess a future flood vulnerability using flood vulnerability model. To project probable rainfall under non-stationarity conditions, the parameters of General Extreme Value (GEV) distribution were estimated using the 1 yr data added to the initial 30 yr base series. We can also fit a linear regression model between time and location parameters after comparing the linear relationships between time and location, scale, and shape parameters, the probable rainfall in 2030 yr was calculated using the location parameters obtained from linear regression equation. The flood vulnerability in 2030 yr was assessed inputted the probable rainfall into flood vulnerability assessment model suggested by Jang and Kim (2009). As the result of analysis, when a 100 yr rainfall frequency occurs in 2030 yr, it was projected that vulnerability will be increased by spatial average 5 % relative to present.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

In the conventional direction finding, the antenna is installed at a high position on the ground to detect the position of the target with the environment of the LOS(Line of Sight) as much as the signal receiving environment. However, in order to configure such environment, high cost and installation time were required. In this paper, we use TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival) technique to utilize drones in direction finding, so that four drones can be used for directions finding simulation. Simulations based on drone and TDOA direction finding were constructed using additional signal processing Taylor series and Exact Interactive Algorithm. In the simulation, the receiving power is defined by using the 800MHz path-loss model using the GPS information of the ground direction detection, and the position estimation performance is analyzed when the TDOA technique, the Taylor series, and the Exact Interactive Alogrithm are applied.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_1
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• pp.589-597
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• 2023

Floating debris in large quantities from land during heavy rainfall has adverse social, economic, and environmental impacts, but the monitoring system for the concentration area and amount is insufficient. In this study, we proposed an efficient monitoring method for floating debris entering the river during heavy rainfall in Daecheong Lake, the largest water supply source in the central region, and applied remote sensing techniques to estimate the standing-stock of floating debris. To investigate the status of floating debris in the upper of Daecheong Lake, we used a tracking buoy equipped with a low-orbit satellite communication terminal to identify the movement route and behavior characteristics, and used a drone to estimate the potential concentration area and standing-stock of floating debris. The location tracking buoys moved rapidly during the period when the cumulative rainfall for 3 days increased by more than 200 to 300 mm. In the case of Hotan Bridge, which showed the longest distance, it moved about 72.8 km for one day, and the maximum moving speed at this time was 5.71 km/h. As a result of calculating the standing-stock of floating debris using a drone after heavy rainfall, it was found to be 658.8 to 9,165.4 tons, with the largest amount occurring in the Seokhori area. In this study, we were able to identify the main concentrations of floating debris by using location-tracking buoys and drones. It is believed that remote sensing-based monitoring methods, which are more mobile and quicker than traditional monitoring methods, can contribute to reducing the cost of collecting and processing large amounts of floating debris that flows in during heavy rain periods in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.581-588
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• 2020

This study examined a brake pad wear compensation method for an Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) using the braking test device. A three-phase Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) was applied to drive the actuator of an EMB. Current control, speed control, and position control were used to control the clamping force of the EMB. The wear compensation method was performed using a software algorithm that updates the motor model equation by comparing the motor output torque current with a reference current. In addition, a simple first-order motor model equation was applied to estimate the output clamping force. The operation time to the maximum clamping force increased within 0.1 seconds compared to the brake pad in its initial condition. The experiment verified that the reference operating time was within 0.5 seconds, and the maximum value of the clamping force was satisfied under the wear condition. The wear compensation method based on the software algorithm in this paper can be performed in the pre-departure test of rolling stock.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.10 s.159
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• pp.825-839
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• 2005

Application of the EST approach for the simulation of the risk-based typhoon hazard potential is described in this paper. For six selected cities In the Korean peninsula, EST simulations for one hundred years were performed one hundred times using historical typhoon data as a training data set. The analytical results of EST simulations were then post-processed to estimate the means, standard deviations, and ranges of variation for the maximum wind velocities and the daily rainfalls. From the comparison of the averages of the wind velocities for the 100 year recurrence interval typhoons, the wind hazard potential of them was revealed to be highest for Mokpo among the six cities, followed by Busan, Cheju, Inchun, Taegu, and Seoul in descending order For the flood hazard potential associated with a typhoon, Busan was ranked to be the highest hazard potential area, followed by Mokpo, Cheju, Seoul, Inckun, and Taegu. In terms of the overall typhoon hazard potential, cities in the southern coastal regions were identified as being exposed to the most severe typhoon hazard.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.267-267
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• 2021

제주도는 화산섬의 지질특성상 강수의 지표침투성이 높아 지표수의 개발이용여건이 취약한 관계로 용수의 대부분을 지하수에 의존하고 있다. 따라서 지하수의 보전관리는 매우 중요한 사항이며 특히 지하수의 안정적인 이용을 위해서는 지하수 취수가 주변지역 지하수위에 미치는 영향 분석이 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구는 딥러닝 알고리즘인 Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)를 활용하여 제주도 남동쪽 표선유역 중산간지역에 위치한 2개 지하수위 관측정을 대상으로 지하수 취수영향을 분석하였다. 입력자료로써 인근 2개 강우관측소의 일단위 강수량자료와 인근 6개 취수정의 지하수 취수량자료 및 연구대상 관측정의 지하수위 자료(2001. 2. 11. ~ 2019. 10. 31.)를 사용하였다. 지하수위 변동특성을 최대한 반영하기 위해 LSTM의 예측일수를 1일로 설정하였다. 보정 및 검증 기간을 사용하여 매개변수의 과적합을 방지하였으며, 테스트 기간을 사용하여 LSTM의 예측성능을 평가하였다. 평가지수로써 Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE)와 평균제곱근오차(RMSE)를 사용하였다. 그리고 지하수 취수가 주변 지하수위 변동에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 취수량을 최대취수량인 2,300 m³/일, 최대취수량의 2/3인 1,533 m³/일 및 0 m³/일로 설정하여 모의하였다. 모의결과, 2개 감시정의 보정, 검증 및 예측기간에 대한 NSE는 최대 0.999, 최소 0.976의 범위를 보였으며, RMSE는 최대 0.494 m, 최소 0.084 m를 보여 LSTM은 우수한 예측성능을 나타내었다. 이것은 LSTM이 지하수위 변동특성을 적절히 학습하였다는 것을 의미하며 따라서 추정된 매개변수를 활용하여 지하수 취수영향을 모의 및 분석하였다. 그 결과, 지하수위 하강량은 최대 0.38 m 였으며 이것은 대상지점에 대한 취수량은 지하수위 하강에 거의 영향을 주지 않는다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 취수량과 지하수위 하강량과의 관계는 한 개 관측정에 대해 선형적인 관계를 보인 반면 나머지 한 개 관측정에 대해서는 비선형적인 관계를 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 LSTM 알고리즘을 활용하여 제주도 표선유역 중산간지역의 지하수위 변동특성을 분석할 수 있다.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2010

Two suspicious events, which were claimed as underground nuclear tests by North Korea, were detected in the northern Korean Peninsula on October 9, 2006 and May 25, 2009. The KIGAM and Korea-China Joint seismic stations are distributed uniformly along the boundaries between North Korea and adjacent countries. In this study, the data from broadband stations with the distance of 200 to 550 km from the test site are used to analyze and compare two nuclear tests of North Korea. By comparing the time differences of the Pn-wave arrival times of 1st and 2nd tests at multiple stations, the relative locations of two test sites could be calculated precisely. From the geometrical calculation with the velocity of Pn wave $V_{Pn}$ = 8 km/s, the 2nd test site is estimated to move in the WNW direction from 1st one with the distance of 2 km. Body wave magnitude, mb of the 2nd test, which was announced officially as the network average of 4.5, varies widely with the directional location of stations from 4.1 to 5.2. The magnitude obtained from Lg wave, $m_b$(Lg), shows less variation between 4.3 to 4.7 with the average of 4.6. The moving-window spectra of time traces of 1st and 2nd tests show very similar pattern with different scale level. In addition, the corner frequencies of P wave of 1st and 2nd tests at each station show no or negligible difference. This indicates the burial depths of two tests might be very similar. The relative yield amount of the 2nd test is estimated 8 times larger than that of the 1st from the weighted average of ground-velocity amplitude ratios.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.523-541
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• 2014

We apply a Bayesian estimation procedure to the analysis of roll call voting records on 2,389 bills processed during the 18th Korean National Assembly. The analysis of roll calls yields useful tools for to combining the measurement of legislative preference with the models of legislative behavior. The current Bayesian procedure is extremely exible, applicable to any legislative setting, irrespective of the extremism of the legislator's voting history or the number of roll calls available for analysis. It can be applied to any legislative settings, providing a useful solution to many statistical problems inherent in the analysis of roll call voting records. We rst estimate the ideal points of all members of the 18th National Assembly and their condence intervals. Subsequently, using the estimated ideal points, we examine the factional disparity within each major party using the estimated ideal points. Our results clearly suggest that there exists a meaningful ideological spectrum within each party. We also show how the Bayesian procedure can easily be extended to accommodate theoretically interesting theoretical models of legislative behavior. More specically, we demonstrate how the estimated posterior probabilities can be used for identifying pivotal legislators.