• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 1998

Laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of several insecticides with insect growth regulator (IGR) properties on the larval development of housefly, Musca domestica, which was collected at a large pigpen in Hamyang, Gyeongnam, Korea in 1997. Commercial formulations of the chemicals were diluted with tap water into a range of concentrations, and mixed with larval media. In addition to the IGRs, imidacloprid 5% WP was tested, too. The IGRs treated at the 2nd instar stage induced higher larval mortalities than percentages of malformed pupae. The result were, however, opposite when the IGRs were treated at the 3rd instar stage. Overall mortality resulting from larval death and malformed pupae was dependent on concentration. Diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, flufenoxuron, tebufenozide, and imidacloprid, treated to the 2nd instar larvae, showed mortality over 95 % at concentrations of 5 ppm, 3 ppm, 30 ppm, 5 ppm, over 1000 ppm, 1000 ppm, respectively. Higher concentrations were needed to get the same level. of mortality in the 3rd instar larvae as that in the 2nd larvae. Overall mortality over 95% at the 3rd instar could be get at concentrations of 100 ppm, 10 ppm, 300 ppm, 10 ppm of diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, flufenoxuron, respectively. Tebufenozide (1,000 ppm) and imidacloprid (300 ppm) were less effective than the other chemicals, showing only 36.7% and 86.7% mortalities, respectively. The chemicals also affected pupal weight at high concentrations. Decrease of pupal weight was distinct at high concentrations of teflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, tebufenozide, imidacloprid. Diflubenzuron and triflumuron were less effective. From these results it could be concluded that the IGR insecticides can be used as control agents by interfering with moulting and pupation process of housefly, by reducing pupal weight which could be resulted in low fertility and less oviposition.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.705-711
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• 2002

The advantages of mitral valve reconstruction have been well established and so mitral valve reconstruction is now considered as the procedure of choice to correct mitral valve disease. This is the report of intermediate-term results of 38 cases that performed mitral valve reconstruction for valve insufficiency(the total number of mitral valve reconstruction were 49 cases, but 11 cases that performed mitral valve replacement due to incomplete reconstruction were excluded). Material and Method : From March 1991 to March 2001, 38 patients underwent mitral valve repair due to mitral valve regurgitation with or without stenosis. Mean age was 47.6$\pm$14.7 years(range 15 to 70 years) : 11 were men and 27 were women. The causes of mitral valve regurgitation were degenerative in 14, rheumatic in 21, infective in 2 and the other was congenital. Result : According to the Carpentier's pathologic classification of mitral valve regurgitation, 3 were type 1 , 16 were type II and 19 were type III. Surgical procedures were annuloplasty 15, commissurotomy 19, leaflet resection and annular plication 9, chordae shortening 11, chordae transfer 5, new chordae formation 2, papillary muscle splitting 2 and vegetectomy 2. These procedures were combined in most patients. There were 2 early death and the causes of death were respiratory failure, renal failure and sepsis. There was no late death. Valve replacement was done in 6 patients after repair due to valve insufficiency or stenosis 3 weeks, 1, 3, 51, 69, 84months later respectively. These patients have been followed up from 1 to 116 months(mean 43.0 months). The mean functional class(NYHA) was 2.36 pre-operatively and improved to 1.70. Conclusion : In most cases of mitral valve regurgitation, mitral valve reconstruction when technically feasible is effective operation that can achieve stable functional results and low surgical and late mortality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1185-1189
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• 2000

본 연구는 입원한 위암환자를 대상으로 영양불량의 정도를 중심으로 영양위험의 정도를 추정하며, 이러한 환자들의 초기 영양상태와 치료결과와의 관련성을 규명하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구대상은 병원에 입원한 209명의 위암환자였다. 영양불량은 표준체중백분율, 혈청알부민, 총임파구(TLC)로 판정하였으며, 치료결과는 합병증유무, 퇴원시 상태, 사망 등 세가지 관점에서 측정하였다. 표준체중백분율, 혈청 알부민, 총임파구수를 기준으로 영양상태를 보았을 때 비위험군은 39.7%였고, 위험군 I은 41.6%, 영양불량이 심한 위험군 II는 18.7%로, 환자의 60.3%가 영양상태가 불량한 것으로 나타나 위암환자 입원초기의 영양불량 정도가 심한 것으로 나타났다. 치료 결괴 퇴원시 상태가 "좋은"이 95.7%, 나쁨이 "4.3%"였으며, 사망환자는 6.8%, 합병증은 20.1%발생하였다. 또한 초기영양상태와 합병증과의 관련성은 높은 변수군 분류의 적절성(p<0.03)을 보여주고 있으며, 초기영양상태와 퇴원시의 치료상태에서도 높은 변수군 분류의 적절성(p<0.001)이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 환자의 초기 영양상태와 사망과의 관련성 검토 결과 초기영양상태가 불량한 경우 사망확률이 높은 것으로 나타나높은 상관성이 있음을 보였다. 이상의 연구결과로 볼 때 위암 환자의 초기 영양상태는 환자의 치료결과와 높은 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.높은 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.577-582
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• 1999

The blood toluene concentration was determined by using the GC/MSD with HS-SPME technique in postmortem blood, quantitatively. Butane gases was analyzed by using the GC/FID with HS technique in postmortem blood, qualitatively. Seventy five cases of dead associated with inhalation of glue or butane gases happened in Korea for the last 3 years (1996-1998). In 27 cases of deah due to glue sniffing, nine persons died as a result of a fall while intoxication and their blood tolucne concentration was fairly high in the range of $1.3{\sim}21.6{\mu}g/mL$. In case of death due to butane sniffing, fifty four persons died of acute butane gases inhalation or suffocation, and 6 persons died of butane gases as well as glue inhalation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.9 s.254
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• pp.616-621
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• 2005

Background: In the resection of lung cancer, pneumonectomy occupied $20 {\~}35\%$ of all resections, and significantly high operative mortality is reported in right pneumonectomy ($10{\~}25\%$). The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of morbidity, operative mortality and factors affecting operative mortality after pneumonectomy. Material and Method: This study recruited the database which performed pneumonectomy for lung cancer in Korea Cancer Center Hospital from Aug 1987 to Apr 2002. Result: Total of 386 pneumonectomies were peformed in that period. Sidedness were left in 238, right in 148; and the procedures were standard resection in 207, and extended resection in 179. Morbidity occurred in 115 cases ($29.8\%$, 115/386). Mortality occurred in 12 cases ($3.1\%$, 12 in 386). This mortality rate was similar to that of lobectomy ($2.1\%$, 13 in 613) during the same period. Morbidity consisted of 42 hoarseness, 17 (9) pneumonia and ARDS, 8 empyema, 5 (1) broncho-pleural fistula, 5 reoperation for bleeding, 5 (1) arrhythmia, 1 (1) pulmonary edema, and 25 others (The number in the parenthesis is the number of mortality case for that morbidity). Several factors affecting the operative mortality were evaluated. At first, extended procedure ($3.3\%$, 6 in 179) affected the operative mortality similar to the standard procedure ($2.9\%$, 6 in 207)(p=0.812). Second, the rate of operative mortality in an elderly group over 60 years ($5.5\%$, 10 in 182) was significantly higher than the younger group under 60 years ($1\%$, 2 in 204)(p=0.016). Third, sidedness of resection affects to operative mortality. Right pneumonectomy ($6.8\%$, 10 in 148) showed higher operative mortality than that of left pneumonectomy ($0.8\%$, 2 in 238)(p=0.002). The group over 60 years showed higher incidence of respiratory morbidity ($11.0\%$, 20 in 182) than that of the group under 60 years ($3.4\%$, 7 in 204)(p=0.005). Right pneumonectomy also showed significantly higher incidence ($11.5\%$, 17 in 148) than that of left pneumonectomy ($4.2\%$, 10 in 238)(p=0.008). Conclusion: Age and sidedness of pneumonectomy were the risk factors of operative mortality and respiratory complications, Therefore, careful selection of patients and more attention perioperatively were demanded in right pneumonectomy. However, because the operative mortality is acceptable, pneumonectomy could be done safely if the pneumonectomy is necessary for curative resection of lung cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 1998

Background: Although operative outcome is progressing due to the development of operative techniques and myocardial protection, some patients face an increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to predict the operative morbidity and mortality. Material and Method: This retrospective study reports the results of risk factor analysis of morbidity and mortality of 137 consecutive patients who were underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery(CABG). Preoperative variables were age, sex, preoperative myocardial infarction, operative priority, left ventricular ejection fraction, obesity and triple vessel disease. Postoperative morbidities were arrhythmia, wound infection, cerebral infarction, prolonged postoperative hospitalization, pneumonia, acute renal failure, prolonged use of ventilator and operative death. Result: The mean age of total patients was 56.7 years, from 27 to 74. The overall mortality was 6.6%(9 of 137) with the mortality of 3.9%(5 of 128) for elective operation, and 44.4%(4 of 9) for emergent or urgent cases. The morbidity of patients over 65 years was stastistically higher than that of under 65 years. Sex distribution showed no difference in morbidity, however operative mortality rate was slightly higher in women (5/41, 12.19%) than in men(4/96, 4.17%). Morbidity of emergent or urgent operation was 100%, much higher than that of the elective operation. Mortality of the patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction was under 50% was higher than that of those over 50%. Conclusion: We concluded that the risk factors of morbidity after CABG were old age above 65 years and emergent or urgent operation, and that risk factors of mortality were low left venticular ejection fraction under 50% and emergent or urgent operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1998

Aortic aneurysm has poor prognosis and high mortality, but the incidence of aortic aneurysm is in increasing state. From July, 1986 to July, 1996, we operated on 25 patients with aortic aneurysm and analysed the clinical results and relations between the duration from symptoms onset to operation(Sx-Op), the duration from admission to operation(Adm-Op), preoperative blood pressure, preoperative heart rate and postoperative mortality, retrospectively. The patients were classified as dissecting aneurysm(10 cases), abdominal aortic aneurysm(9 cases), Marfan's syndrome(3 cases), descending thoracic aortic aneurysm(3 cases). The operative technique were graft interposition in 17 cases, Bentall's operation in 4 cases, aneurysm bypass in 2 cases, and wrapping of aorta in 2 cases. Seven patients died of several causes, bleeding in 5 cases, acute renal failure in 1 case and respiratory failure in another one case. Before 1992, the early stage of operation, 6 mortality among 14 operated patients occurred, and after then 1 mortality among 11 operated patients occurred. Eighteen survivors were followed up from 1 to 118 months(mean 50.6 months), and total follow up was 911 patient-months. During the follow up period one patient died of melena 30 months after operation. The other patients did not complain chest pain or dyspnea. The surgical mortality was improved in the late period, and the major cause of death was intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. The Sx-Op duration, the Adm-Op duration, preoperative blood pressure and preoperative heart rate were proven to have no statistical relations with postoperative mortality.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.10 no.3 s.94
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• pp.23-24
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• 1977

3월 5일 오전 4시 23분경 유럽 중동부에 최악의 강진이 밀어 닥쳤다. 유럽사상 가장 강력한 지진의 하나인 이번 지진은 강도 7.5리히터였다. 루마니아를 비롯해 구주중동일대에서 기천명의 사망자와 많은 부상자 그리고 막대한 시설 건물, 도시의 황폐를 갖어온 무서운 지진이였다. 특히 부크레시티와 그 북쪽 60km의 루마니아 유전중심도시인 폴로에마스티는 거의 폐허화되었다. 라마에서 빈 베오그라드 부크레시티를 거쳐 모스크바에 이르는 광역의 지진은 처처에 혼잡을 이루었고 비상사태를 빚었다. 이같은 지진을 막을길은 없으나 인명의 피해는 줄일수 있지 않을까

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1065-1074
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of sudden unexpected death in infancy and to evaluate the importance of postmortem autopsy. Methods : We reviewed, retrospectively, medical records of 34 infants admitted to Kangnam General Hospital from January 1987 to December 2001 because of sudden unexpected death. We investigated the cause of death through medical history, death scene examination, autopsy findings, acylcarnitine and organic acid analysis. Results : Among the total 34 infants, 18 were male(52.9%) and 16 were female(47.1%). Thirty infants(88%) were below the six months of age. Winter was the most affected season(38.2%). Eighteen infants(52.9%) died between 6 and 12AM. The prone sleeping position was observed more frequently than the supine position at death; nine cases in the prone position, six cases in the supine position. The cause of death of 23 cases could not be found by only history and death scene examination. Autopsy was done in 13 cases. Seven cases of them were thought to be SIDS. In six cases, we explained the cause of death with autosy findings. They were an endocardial fibroelastosis, a nesidioblastosis, a subdural hematoma, a bronchopneumonia and two fatty changes of liver. Metabolic screening tests performed in three cases to rule out metabolic disorder since 2000 were all normal. Conclusion : We concluded that autopsy and metabolic screening test should be performed to find out the cause of death in sudden unexpected death in infancy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.694-699
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• 1993

Background: After the introduction of more potent antituberculous drugs and the nation-wide tuberculosis management the prevalence rate and mortality rate of pulmonary tuberculosis has been reduced continuously. But we still experienced many patients who succumbed to this disease. So we investigated the causes of treatment failure and death of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to delineate the problems in the management of these patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 55 patients who died of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kyung-Hee University Hospital during the period of Mar. 1979-Feb. 1990. Results: 1) Average duration of illness was $11.9{\pm}10.1$ years. 2) The mortality rate of in-patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 2.09%. 3) 47.3% of patients had been treated more than twice and the sputum positive rate was 52.7%. 4) Causes of death were acute respiratory failure(56.4%), asphyxia by hemoptysis(14.6%), cor pulmonale(9.1%), tension pneumothotax(7.3%), vital organ involvement(9.1%) and coexisting diseases(3.5%). Conclusion: Many of these patients had long duration of illness, persistant sputum AFB and high incidence of acute respiratory failure as a fatal complication. It seemed that patient's neglect of their disease and inadequate treatment had caused aggravation of tuberculosis.