• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.428-442
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• 2004

Dustfall samples were collected by the modified American dust jar (bulk type) at 5 sampling sites in the Nakdong river area from lune 2002 to May 2003. Nineteen chemical species (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, V, Zn, $Cl^-$, $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, and $NH_4^+$) were analyzed via the combination of ICP/AES, AAS, IC and UV. The purposes of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the chemical composition of dustfalls by examining their regional and seasonal distribution patterns. Computation of the enrichment factor showed that well-defined anthropogenic sources, particularly in Pb were found in the order Gamjeondong (industrial area), Wondong, Silla University, Samrangiin and Mulgum. The seasonal mean of soil contribution showed its highest value (16.3%) during the winter with an annual mean of 11.2%. The concentration ratio of [$SO_4^{2-}/NO_3^-$] was found to be highest (5.12) during the winter, while the lowest ratio value (3.30) was seen during the all. fall, Also regional equivalent ratios of [$SO_4^{2-}/NO_3^-$] were found in the order: Silla University (6.78), Gamjeondong (4.98), Mulgum (3.95), Wondong (3.85), and Samrangjin (2.87). Seasonal distribution of water soluble components for total dustfall were found in the order: spring (71.6%), summer (61.2%), fall (49.2%) and winter (48.6%) with a mean ratio of 57.6%. Regional contribution of sea salts of water soluble ions were found in the order: Silla university (34.5%), Gamjeondong (28.3%), Wondong (17.3%), Samrangiin (17.2%) and Mulgum (13.8%), the total mean contribution rate was 22.1%. As for the chemical composition of dustftll on the lower Nakdong river, there is a decreased influence of sea salt and artificial anthropogenic sources and increased influence of soil particle inland. Also, the total amount of deposition on the lower Nakdong river has decreased, with the river's surface serving as a confounding factor in resuspending dusts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.739-746
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are 1) to develop an advanced chamber system within ${\pm}10%$ of air velocity at the particulate matter (PM) collection area, 2) to research theoretical characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 samplers, 3) to assess the performance characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 samplers through chamber experiments. The total six one-hour experiments were conducted using the cornstarch with an mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of $20\;{\mu}m$ and an geometric standard deviation of 2.0 at the two different air velocity conditions of 0.67 m/s and 2.15 m/s in the chamber. The aerosol samplers used in the present study are one APM PM10 and one PM2.5 samplers accordance with the US federal reference methods and specially designed three mini-volume aerosol samplers (two for PM10 and one for PM2.5). The overall results indicate that PM10 and PM2.5 mini-volume samplers need correction factors of 0.25 and 0.39 respectively when APM PM samplers considered as reference samplers and there is significant difference between two mini-volume aerosol samplers when a two-way analysis of variance is tested using the measured PM10 mass concentrations. The PM10 and PM2.5 samplers with the cutpoints and slopes (PM10: $10{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}m$ and $1.5{\pm}0.1$, PM2.5: $2.5{\pm}0.2\;{\mu}m$ and $1.3{\pm}0.03$) theoretically collect the ranges of 86~114% and 64~152% considering the cornstarch characteristics used in this research. Furthermore, the calculated mass concentrations of PM samplers are higher than the ideal mass concentrations when the airborne MMADs for the cornstarch used are smaller than the cutpoints of PM samplers and the PM samplers collected less PM in another case. The chamber experiment also showed that PM10 and PM2.5 samplers had the bigger collection ranges of 37~158% and 55~149% than the theocratical calculated mass concentration ranges and the relatively similar mass concentration ranges were measured at the air velocity of 2.15 m/s comparing with the 0.67 m/s.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2000

The Yellow-Sand phenomena occurred during the period from l0C to 14C in Korea have been investigated using the historical record of the Koryosa. It is written as the "dust rain"or "mud" which means the falling down of dust from the sky. The authors have extracted 50 historical writings of dust rain from the Koryosa. The results show that the observation records concerning Yellow-Sand phenomenon for the period of Korea Dynasty (918~1392) are described with the scientific accuracy for the Yellow-Sand phenomena as the pure dust phenomena, the mixture of Yellow Sand with snow or rain, and the Yellow-Sand associated with fog or hail, etc. It is also found that the occurrence of Yellow-Sand phenomena was the incomprehensible natural phenomena such as Yellow-Sand were interpreted as a warning from the Heaven to the king and people of their fail in moral principles.in moral principles.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2018

Mineralogical properties of two Asian dust (Hwangsa) samples collected during dust events in April 6 and 15, 2018 were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analyses showed that Asian dusts were dominated by phyllosilicates (62 wt%) comprising illite-smectite series clay minerals (ISCMs) (55%), chlorite (3%) and kaolinite (4%). Nonphyllosilicate minerals were quartz (18%), plagioclase (9%), K-feldspar (3%), calcite (3%), and gypsum (2-4%). Mineral compositions determined by SEM chemical analyses were consistent with XRD data. ISCMs occur as submicron grains forming aggregate particles or coating coarse mineral grains such as quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, chlorite, and calcite. The ISCMs are often associated with calcite nanofibers and gypsum blades. Mineralogical properties of 2018 dusts were similar to those of previous dusts although clay contents were higher than that of coarse 2012 dust.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.35-36
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• 1999

최근 대기 중에 부유하는 입자상 물질의 농도와 인간의 질병 및 사망률에 관한 역학적 연구들은 대기중 부유분진에 대한 많은 관심들을 불러일으켜 오고 있다(Ackermann et at., 1997). 우리나라에서도 총 부유분진인 TSP 및 이와는 별도로 인체에 더욱 유해한 공기역학적 직경이 $10\mu\textrm{m}$ 미만인 먼지, 즉 $PM_{10}$을 대기 환경기준 항목으로 설정, 관리해 오고 있으며, 더 나아가 미국등 선진국에서는 인체의 영향 측면에서 더욱 더 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 직경 $2.5\mu\textrm{m}$ 미만의 입자인 $PM_{2.5}$에 대한 규제를 시행해 오고 있다(QUARG, 1996).(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.174-178
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 1998년과 2004년의 대기오염물질배출량 분포를 비교하여 제시하였다. 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫 번째 오염물질별 배출량을 살펴보면 2004년이 1998년에 비해 질소산화물$(NO_x)$과 미세먼지(PM-10)은 증가하였고, 일산화탄소(CO)와 아황산가스$(SO_2)$는 감소하였다. 두 번째 오염원별 배출량을 살펴보면 1998년과 2004년 모두 모든 오염원에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 선 오염원의 배출량이 가장 뚜럿한 증가를 나타내었다. 이는 $SO_2$는 저황유 공급정책과 청정연료의 사용으로 인해 감소하였으며, $NO_x$와 PM-10 차량대수의 증가와 인구의 증가, 총에너지 수요의 증가가 원인으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.207-208
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• 2001

1990년 이후 생활폐기물보다 사업장 폐기물이 많아지면서 총 폐기물 발생량은 점차 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 날로 증가하는 폐기물을 국내 실정상 매립처리하는 것은 한계가 있으므로, 효율적인 감량화 정책으로 폐기물 발생량을 저감하고, 소각에 의한 처리가 요구된다. 그러나 폐기물 소각처리는 소각 재와 유해가스를 배출하기 때문에 많은 문제점이 있다. 특히 인체에 맹독성인 다이옥신류(polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans:PCDD/Fs)가 배출되면서 현재 사회적 문제로 크게 부각되고 있기 때문에 소각시 다이옥신을 처리할 수 있는 장치의 개발이 필요하다. (중략)

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.452
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

2014년 5월 한 달 간 우리나라에서 석탄을 이용해 생산한 발전량은 약 1만5,748GW에 달한다. 이는 국내 총 발전량 중 38%에 해당하는 양이다. 특히 유연탄의 경우 kWh당 정산단가가 61.6원에 불과해 원자력(55.4원) 다음으로 경제성이 높은 발전원에 속한다. 그러나 석탄화력의 경우 황산화물, 질소산화물 및 먼지와 지구온난화의 주범으로 꼽히는 온실가스를 배출하고 있어 항상 논란의 대상이 된다. 2011년 기준으로 국내 $CO_2$ 배출량의 약 1/3 정도가 전력분야에서 발생했는데, 이 중 대부분은 석탄화력에서 배출됐다. 즉 환경을 생각하면 비중을 줄여 나가야 하는 것이 맞지만, 경제성 및 효율성을 고려하면 반드시 필요한 발전원이 석탄화력인 셈이다. 이에 비단 우리나라뿐만 아니라 전 세계 전력 산업계에서는 석탄화력의 효율은 높이면서, 온실가스 배출은 줄일 수 있는 기술개발에 적극 나서고 있다. 그 기술 중 가장 현실적이면서 대표적으로 떠오른 분야가 바로 석탄가스화복합발전(Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, IGCC)이다. 우리나라에서도 IGCC에 대한 관심을 지속적으로 기울여 왔고, 그 노력의 결실로 현재 태안에 국내 최초의 IGCC 실증플랜트를 건설 중에 있다. 현재 IGCC 기술개발은 어느 단계까지 와 있는지, 또 국내외 시장은 얼마나 성장될 것으로 예상되는지 자세히 정리해봤다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2021

To evaluate the protective effect of Codium fragile on fine dust (PM2.5)-induced cytotoxicity, we investigated its antioxidant activity and cell protective effect on PM2.5-exposed cells. The 40% ethanolic extract of C. fragile showed the highest total phenolic content, whereas the water extract of C. fragile showed the highest total polysaccharide content. The protective effect of the extracts on PM2.5-induced oxidative damage in nasal cavity (RPMI2650), lung (A549), brain (MC-IXC), hippocampus (HT-22), and microglia (BV-2) cells was evaluated by measuring the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and cell viability. The results showed that the 40% ethanolic extract more efficiently inhibited ROS production than the water extract. In contrast, PM2.5-exposed cells treated with the water extract showed higher viability than those treated with the 40% ethanolic extract.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_3
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• pp.1669-1679
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• 2020

This study examines the washing effect of precipitation on particulate matter (PM) and the rainwater quality (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water-soluble ions concentration). Of six rain events in total, rainwater samples were continuously collected every 50 mL from the beginning of the precipitation using rainwater collecting devices at Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea, from March 2020 to July 2020. The collected rainwater samples were analyzed for pH, EC, and water-soluble ions (cations: Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, NH4+, and anions: Cl-, NO3-, SO42-). The concentrations of particulate matter were continuously measured during precipitation events with a custom-built PM sensor node. For initial rainwater samples, the average pH and EC were approximately 4.3 and 81.9 μS/cm, and the major ionic components consisted of NO3- (5.4 mg/L), Ca2+ (4.2 mg/L), Cl- (4.1 mg/L). In all rainfall events, rainwater pH gradually increased with rainfall duration, whereas EC gradually decreased due to the washing effect. When the rainfall intensities were relatively weak (<5 mm/h), PM10 reduction efficiencies were less than 40%. When the rainfall intensities were enhanced to more than 7.5 mm/h, the reduction efficiencies reached more than 60%. For heavy rainfall events, the acidity and EC, as well as ions concentrations of initial rainwater samples, were higher than those in later samples. This appears to be related to the washing effect of precipitation on PM10 in the atmosphere.