• Clean Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2024

In this study, an alkali metal Na was introduced into iron-based catalysts used in the carbon dioxide-based Fischer-Tropsch process by wet impregnation and physical mixing methods to compare their performance. The as-prepared catalysts were evaluated for reactivity at 3.5 MPa, 330 ℃, feed ratio of H₂/CO₂ = 3 with a space velocity of 4,000 mL h^-1 g_cat^-1. Comparing the two catalysts, it was found that Na was uniformly distributed throughout the catalyst when wet-impregnated, but Na for physically mixed catalyst was relatively located on the surface of the catalyst. In addition, the wet-impregnated catalyst showed higher liquid hydrocarbon (C₅₊) yield and lower CO selectivity. In conclusion, the effect of Na distribution in the catalyst on the reaction was identified and can be controlled by the introduction method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2007

Gyeonggi-do has conducted bus management and service evaluation of bus operating company since 2005 under the law for promoting public transportation. The evaluation results are used for improving bus service, making policy, and estimating incentives to bus companies. A lot of cost and man-month are needed to evaluate bus management and service for bus operating company, and many companies are against the evaluation. Therefore, the effect analysis on evaluation system should be followed to maintain it. This research results in the evaluation system has positive effects through quantitative and qualitative analysis. The data of bus company's operation condition in 2005 and 2006 are used for a comparative analysis. From the survey result for the company, bus drivers, and administrators, it results that positive effects are predominant. The results of this research could be used for a shield against some criticism about appropriateness of the evaluation criteria and effectiveness of the evaluation system. For improving bus service, evaluation items and criteria could be added or adjusted based on this research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.735-746
• /
• 2024

The rapid advancement of computer technology has necessitated a safer user environment, prompting the adoption of the zero trust model, which verifies all internal and external network activities. This paper proposes an efficient network traffic data-based dynamic access control method leveraging Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) capabilities to implement zero trust and address latency issues. According to the performance evaluation results, the detection performance of the proposed scheme is similar to that of conventional schemes, but the dataset size was reduced by 62.47%. Additionally, by proposing an adaptive zero trust verification approach, the dataset size and verification time were reduced by 83.9% and 9.1%, respectively, while maintaining similar detection performance to conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
• /
• 2001.03a
• /
• pp.14-14
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 생명공학 관련 기술개발에 의하여 신소재 물질을 생산하고 사람에게 안전하고 생리활성이 높은 고가의 의료용 단백질 생산기술을 체계화하며 형질전환 가축을 이용한 유용물질 생산에 따른 산업화와 부가가치의 극대화에 그 목적이 있다. 유즙으로 사람의 빈혈치료제인 EPO(Erythropoietin)를 분비할 수 있는 형질전환돼지를 생산하기 위하여 WAP(Whey Acidic Protein) Promoter(2.6kb) 하류에 사람의 조혈촉진유전자(EPO: 2.6kb)를 연결시켜 미세주입용 재조합 벡터(WAP-EPO : 약 7.8kb)를 구축하였다. 구축된 재조합 벡터를 1세포기 수정란에 약 2ng/ul 농도로 미세주입한 다음 외과적 방법으로 이식하였다. 이식 후 분만 모돈으로부터 생산된 자돈의 꼬리조직을 이용 게놈DNA를 추출하고 PCR 검정을 한 결과, 유즙으로 사람의 빈혈치료제를 생산할 수 있는 유전자가 도입된 형질전환돼지 $\boxDr$새롬이$\boxUl$ (♂)를 확인하였다. 또한 이렇게 꼬리조직으로부터 확인된 새롬이의 혈액과 정액을 채취, 게놈 DNA를 추출하여 외래 유전자 삽입여부를 PCR 방법으로 검정한 결과 꼬리조직과 마찬가지로 혈액 및 정액에서도 외래유전자가 삽입되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이렇게 생산된 형질전환돼지 $\boxDr$새롬이$\boxUl$를 이용 계대번식을 통한 F$_1$ 산자의 생산과 유전자 전이율을 확인하기 위하여 $\boxDr$새롬이$\boxUl$정액을 이용한 인공수정을 실시하였다. 인공수정은 1999년 7월 1일부터 2000년 9월 8일 까지 총 78두의 모돈을 이용하였으며, 그 중 21두의 모돈이 분만하여 인공수정에 의한 분만율은 26.92%로 나타났다.(Table Omitted) Table 1에서와 같이 새롬이 정액을 이용한 인공수정에 의해 형질전환된 F$_1$ 자돈의 형질전환율은 17.98%로 나타났으며, 32두의 형질전환자돈 중 8두(암:4두, 수:4두)는 분만과 동시에 폐사하였거나 사육중 폐사하여 현재 24두(암:12두, 수:12두)가 생존하여 F$_1$ 간 교배계획에 의해 사육되고 있다. 이 중 암컷 4두는 현재 F$_2$ 자돈 생산과 함께 유즙내로 사람 빈혈치료제의 분비 유무를 검정중에 있으며, FISH 법에 의한 외래 유전자 삽입 검정을 확인 중에 있다.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.3-36
• /
• 2022

In order to solve the pharmaceutical kickback problem, it is needed to establish legal system that allow ways to enable pharmaceutical promotion of medicines without kickbacks as well as provide sanction those who commit illegal act. Before the National Assembly and the government focused on strengthening sanctions. As a result, in 2014, a system of suspending medical care benefits was introduced, which could inflict heavy losses on pharmaceutical companies by withdrawing target medicines from the market. However, three years after the introduction, the system was abolished in 2018, recognizing the problem that the disposition could infringe on the patients' right to access to and choice of medicines. In 2021, the National Assembly made it possible for dispositions suspending medical care benefits regarding the third violation, which remained symbolic until then, replaced with administrative fines. Although the legislator's reflective stance on the system is more than clear, the Ministry of Health and Welfare still interprets that the old law should be applied to kickbacks for the period of the law. Moreover, regarding the substitution of fines at the discretion of the Minister of Health and Welfare under the old law, the narrow standards taken under the old law seems to be maintained. In this paper, firstly pharmaceutical kickback issue, the main reason for the introduction of the system, will be explained, after that the history of introduction and abolition of the system examined and last but not least the unconstitutionality of the system and the illegality of the disposition are to be examined.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.346-351
• /
• 2011

This research was done to identify the mass propagation method in winter daphne (Daphne odora Thunb) using its softwood cuttings and to investigate its plant characters established at different light and soil conditions as an indoor plant. Cuttings from winter daphne were taken and grown in different treatment consisted of rooting media (perlite, vermiculite, perlite + vermiculite (1 : 1) and commercial horticulture media soil), indole butyric acid (IBA) hormone concentrations (0, 100, 500, 1000 ppm and Rootone) and date of cutting. Transplants were grown at different light intensities (100, 1000, 2500 lux and control) and growing media. Results showed that cuttings grown in perlite + vermiculite (1 : 1) gave higher percentage (100%) rooting. Cuttings treated with Rootone and IBA 100 ppm showed good rooting growth and cutting taken in June, 25 gave the highest rooting (96.7%). The best plant growth obtained at 1000 lux (56~60 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) followed by 2500 lux (125~130 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) and scoria mixed with commercial horticulture media soil showed better growth of transplants.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.93-107
• /
• 1996

Six countries are considered in the study for the comparison of their respective gas industries with the Korean gas industry: the U.S., Canada, the U.K., France, Germany and Japan. The emphases of comparison are given on the cross-evaluation of industry organizations and related regulations. In terms of industrial development stages, the Korean gas industry, with its short experience and in need of more infrastructure, is still young and at an early stage of development. Due to this reason, the study finds that it is premature for the Korean case to propose some policies like the promotion of competition in the gas transportation through third-party access to pipelines. or seeking overseas business opportunities requiring venture capital and advanced technology. Recommendations are made that Korea rather, for the time being, concentrate its energy on the construction of infrastructure and on securing supply sources and diversifying import origins, in order to strengthen it's supply capability in the face of rapidly increasing gas demand in the nation. Nevertheless, Korea will soon have to consider more seriously about the deregulation of the market and more diversified business activities through the development of high technology and managerial skills.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.231-234
• /
• 2005

본 실험은 돈육 후지 부위를 이용하여 육포 제조시 텀블링 시간에 따른 육포의, 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 조사하여 표준화된 육포제조의 기초 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 텀블링 시간에 따른 건조전 육포 양념육의 제품수율은 30분까지는 수율이 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 60분 동안 텀블링을 실시하였을 때는 30분보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 텀블링 시간에 따라 pH는 차이가 없었으나, 보수력은 텀블링 30분까지 유의적으로 증가하였고 이후 부터는 차이가 없었다. 육색은 텀블링 시간이 경과함에 따라 $L^{\ast}-$값과 $b^{\ast}-$값은 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 반대로 $a^{\ast}-$값은 텀블링 시간이 증가함에 따라 점점 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 건조후 제조된 돈육육포의 수분함량은 $29{\sim}30%$ 정도를 유지하였으며, 건조수율은 모두 $48{\sim}49%$ 정도의 높은 수율을 보였다. 육포의 $L^{\ast}-$값은 30분 및 60분 동안 텀블링을 실시하였을 때 10분 동안 텀블링을 실시한 육포보다 낮게 나타났다. 60분 동안 텀블링한 육포의 $a^{\ast}-$값은 10분간 텀블링한 것보다 높았으며, $b^{\ast}-$값은 $a^{\ast}-$값과는 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 탄력성(springiness)은 60분 동안 텀블링한 육포가 10분 동안 텀블링한 육포보다 높은 값을 보였으나, 탄력성을 제외한 모든 항목에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 관능검사는 모든 항목에서 30분 이상 텀블링한 육포가 좋은 평가를 받았으나, 처리구간에 유의차는 나타나지 않았다.pm을 spiking한 후 SPE상에서 SCX(Strong cation exchange column)을 통한 clean-up과정을 거친 후의 STP의 limit of quantification(LOQ)는 약 0.44ppm이었으며, 이에 대한 회수율은 89.7${\pm}$2.3%(n=6)를 나타냈다. 실제 CODEX에서 권장한 우유의 MRL이 0.6ppm인 점을 감안하면 CODEX권고치에 도달할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발 된 시험법은 지금까지 국내적으로 STP에 대한 시험법이 확립되어 있지 않은 것으로 이와 아울러 간편한 parallux와 병용해 STP에 대한 정량 및 정성 분석을 유도체화 장치 및 형광검출기를 이용해 잔류항생물질 STP에 대한 분석시험법을 개발하였다.화와 네트워크 조직망 구축을 위한 지역중심의 복합 생활문화 공간이 필요할 것이며, 이를 촉진키 위한 mentor academy시스템 접근을 통해 점점 고령화되어 가고 있는 재래시장에 대해 차별적 특성이 반영된 종합적이고 체계적 접근 방법연구가 필요하다./TEX> 자체기술개발, 선진기술 도입, 산업간 및 산업내 기술확산, 국제기술협력 ${\rightarrow}$ 기술혁신의 촉진 ${\rightarrow}$ 총요소생산성과 기업경쟁력(자원 및 역량, 프로세스 경쟁력, 품질경쟁력, 시장경쟁력, 고객성과, 시장성과, 재무성과)의 제고 ${\rightarrow}$ 가격경쟁력(임금, 금리, 물류비용, 환율 등)과 비(非)가격경쟁력(디자인, 에프터서비스, 품질, 운송 등)의 제고 ${\rightarrow}$ 국가경쟁력의 제고 ${\rightarrow}$ 국제수지 흑자 ${\ri

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.163.1-163.1
• /
• 2010

2030년까지 신재생에너지발전 비중을 11%로 높이겠다는 정책목표 달성을 위한 정부의 지원방안이 현행 발전차액지원제도(FIT)에서 2012년부터는 신재생에너지의무할당제(RPS)로 전환된다. 전원별로 정해진 발전량에 대해 정부가 일정한 가격으로 구매해주는 현행 제도 하에서 신재생에너지발전사업자는 중장기 가격을 보장받음으로써 수익성을 초기에 확정할 수 있는 장점이 있는 반면 정부 입장에서는 보급이 확대될수록 막대한 재정부담이 발생하고 경쟁을 통해 생산 비용을 낮추기 위한 유인이 부족한 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 도입되는 의무할당제는 일정 설비규모 이상의 발전사업자에게 신재생에너지발전 의무량을 부과하고 의무대상자가 의무이행의 수단으로 공급인증서(REC)를 발급받거나 구매하여 의무를 이행토록 하는 제도로서 공급인증서 가격 결정을 시장기능에 맡김으로써 신재생에너지 사업자간 경쟁을 촉진시켜 생산비용을 절감하고 정부의 재정부담을 완화하는 장점이 있는 반면 신재생에너지발전사업자 입장에서는 수익성 분석이 복잡해지고 리스크가 증가하는 문제점이 있다. 특히 발전용 연료전지를 활용한 발전사업의 경우 다른 신재생에너지원과 달리 설비투자비용(CAPEX) 외에 가스요금 및 핵심부품의 주기적인 교체 등을 위한 운영비용(OPEX)의 비중이 작지 않기 때문에 더욱 정밀한 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 신재생에너지발전사업자 입장에서 비용과 편익에 영향을 미치는 각 요소와 그 영향을 파악함으로써 발전용 연료전지의 경제성 분석을 시도해 보았다.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.104-115
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Infrastructure inspection and its diagnostics technique have been rapidly developing recently. Therefore, it is important to secure the reliability of diagnostic equipment, and this paper deals with inspection of diagnostic equipment, introduction to a certification system and development plans for infrastructure. Method: Several certification systems are established and introduction plans are reviewed through experts by synthesizing the contents of certification research for existing infrastructure diagnosis equipment. In addition, the revision of the law for introduction of the system is reviewed, detailed operation regulations are prepared and phased development plans are reviewed, which are based on the operation scenario. Result: Inspection and certification plans were constructed through four routes in order to consider infrastructure inspection and diagnostic equipment in use, and new diagnostic equipment using state-of-the-art technology. Furthermore, market confusion depending on the introduction of a new certification system is minimized and reliability is secured by transforming a simple inspection system in the short term into a formal certification system in the long term. The law amendments according to the introduction of the system were reviewed and detailed operation regulations were developed. Also, phased development plans, which are based on the long-term development scenario including manpower, infrastructure and specifications, were presented. Conclusion: It is important to secure reliability through the distribution and certification of diagnostic equipment using 4th industrial technology to strengthen the safety management of infrastructure at the national level since the infrastructure is various in type and increasingly large in size. It is also essential to train human resources who can use new technology with inspection and diagnosis system in order to enhance the safety management of all infrastructures. Moreover, it is necessary to introduce a regular inspection system for infrastructure that combines loT technology in the long-term point of view and to promote the introduction by giving active incentives to institutions that actively accept it.