• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

Objective : As this is a quasi-experimental study by the post-test design for a nonequivalent control group, it was attempted to verify the effect of massage using aroma oil on whether or not the normal vaginal delivery of primiparous mothers. Methods : As for the experimental treatment, it applied the aroma oil massage to the experiment group when the cervical dilatation was $4{\sim}5cm$, and as for the data analysis, it conducted the significance test using the program of SPSS 12K for Windows, with Chi-square test $(X^2)$ and t-test. Results : The experiment group that carried out the aroma massage therapy, was high in the cases of normal vaginal delivery(P<0.05), compared to the control group that did not carry out the aroma massage therapy. Conclusion : The experiment group, which received the aroma massage therapy, had significant difference in the cases of normal vaginal delivery, compared to the control group that did not receive the aroma therapy, thus the aroma massage therapy is thought to be a nursing-intervention plan, which can be usefully applied as to the primiparous mothers aiming at normal vaginal delivery.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing parenting confidence in first-time mothers and to provide basic data for development of maternal role education programs. Method: The participants were 194 first-time mothers of babies aged 1-6 months who visited well-baby clinics in 4 hospitals. Instruments used in this study were self-reported questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The parenting confidence level was moderate with a mean score of 3.26(range 1-6). Infant temperament was significantly correlated with maternal role confidence. Maternal role confidence was significantly correlated with child-rearing environment. Infant temperament and parenting stress were significant predictors explaining 50% maternal role confidence. Conclusions: Nursing Interventions to promote parenting confidence among first-time mothers of infants in their first year are needed to improve maternal perception to infant temperament and reduce parenting stress.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a postpartum care program and to evaluate the effects of the program on postpartum activity and postpartum discomfort in primiparous women. Methods: For this control group quasi-experimental study, primiparous women who had a normal delivery at OBGYN clinics in G-city and then went home with assistance from their mothers participated from April 10 to August 2, 2006. The participants were assigned to an intervention group of 25 mothers or a control group of 23 mothers. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS/win10.0 PC+. $X^2$-test and t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the degree of postpartum activity(F=4.66, p=.036) and the degree of postpartum discomfort(F=7.98, p=.007) were supported statistically with significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Therefore, this program needs to be applied as a new nursing intervention because this postpartum care program was proven useful as effective postpartum care.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2013

Purpose: The study was done to construct and test a structural model to explain primipara breastfeeding behavior. Methods: The participants were 213 primiparas on postpartum wards. Data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 and AMOS 19.0 programs. Results: Fitness statistics for the hypothetical model were appropriate ($x^2$=38.50, p=.070, GFI=.96, RMSEA=.05, AGFI=.93, NFI=.95, TLI=.97, CFI=.98, PNFI=.57, $x^2/df$=1.43). Breastfeeding behaviors were directly influenced by intention to breastfeed, perceived effectiveness of breastfeeding, and the amount of supplementary feeding. The amount of supplementary feeding had the largest direct impact on breastfeeding behavior. The largest total effect on breastfeeding behavior was intention to breastfeed. The environment of the maternity hospital indirectly influenced breastfeeding behavior. These factors explained 18.9% of variance in the primipara breastfeeding behavior. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that in order to promote primipara breastfeeding the amount of supplementary feeding immediately after the birth should be limited and an environment that encourages exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital should be provided. The results also suggest it is necessary to provide nursing interventions that increase the intention to breastfeed and the perceived effectiveness of breastfeeding.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2001

곶감의 건조 및 저장에 따른 미생물상의 변화를 조사하였다. 곳감의 제조 지역에 따라 건조 초기의 미생물수는 상주시 외곽지역의 곶감이 다소 높았으나 반건시상태가 되는 건조 7 주 후에는 두 지역의 미생물 수의 차이는 없었다. 건조가 진행됨에 일반세균과 초산균은 꾸준히 감소하여 7주 후에는 거의 관찰되지 않았으나 곰팡이와 효모 수는 점차 늘어나는 양상을 보였다. 곶감을 3$0^{\circ}C$$\pm$2, 실온(10~15$^{\circ}C$), 저온(4$^{\circ}C$$\pm$2)에서 7주간 저장한 결과 저온 저장구에서 미생물의 증가가 가장 낮았으며, 저온 저장과 상온 저장의 경우에는 저장 기간이 길어질수록 모든 미생물의 수가 증가하는 경향이었으나, 3$0^{\circ}C$ 저장구의 경우 저장 초기에 비하여 저장 기간이 길어질수록 효모와 초산균은 오히려 감소하였다. 외관의 경우에도 저장온도가 낮을수록 백분의 양은 많아지고 조직이 연화되는 기간도 길어지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a breastfeeding empowerment program and to investigate the effects of the breastfeeding empowerment program on self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding for primiparous women. Methods: The 5 session breastfeeding empowerment program was developed and a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experiment design was used. Fifty-five participants were assigned to either the experimental group (n=27) or the control group (n=28). Effects were tested using repeated measures ANOVA and $x^2-test$. Results: Scores for self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding of in the experimental group after program were significantly higher than 1week, 4weeks, 8weeks scores in control group. Conclusion: The effects of the breastfeeding empowerment program for elevating self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding in primiparous women were validated. Therefore, this program can be recommended for vigorous use in clinical practice.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to discover the related factors of neonatal suckling in the initiation of breastfeeding in primiparous mothers and to provide basic data for promoting nursing intervention strategies to improve the practice of breastfeeding. Method: The subjects of this study were 71 primiparous mothers who had normal vaginal deliveries at one obstetric hospital in P metropolitan city and one delivery center in J city. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS program. Result: The average IBFAT(Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool) score was 9.6$\pm$2.3. The general characteristics studied that had a significant influence on neonatal suckling in the initiation of breastfeeding were the place of delivery (ex: Hospital, Postnatal Unit), whether oxytocin was used, no usage of analgesic medication, amount of satisfaction after the first breastfeeding weight of the newborns and the Apgar score at one minute. Conclusions: A higher IBFAT score was related to primiparous mothers who had a hospital delivery, received oxytocin, received maternal labour analgesics, neonatal weight, Apgar score at one minute, and satisfaction after the first breastfeeding.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of individual postpartum breast-feeding education on adaptation, attitude and practice of breast-feeding in primiparas. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent design was used to examine the effects of individual postpartum breast-feeding education among primiparas. The data were analyzed using $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and paired t-test. Results: There was a significant difference in breast-feeding adaptation (t=-12.94, p<.001), breast-feeding attitude (t=-2.71, p=.011) and breast-feeding practice ($x^2$=16.47, p<.001) between the group education (experimental group I) and individual education after group education (experimental group II). Conclusion: The results indicate that individual education on breast-feeding compared to group education has more positive effects on increasing breast-feeding adaptation, attitude and practice in primiparas. This result also indicates that many primiparas should be given opportunities of various types of education to improve breast-feeding practice such as individual approaches and postpartum breast-feeding education programs.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of self-breast pumping on breastfeeding rates and, the degree of breast milk fullness among primiparous women giving birth by cesarean section. Methods: The study design was a non-synchronized posttest control group experiment with repeated measures. The participants were 60 women, 31 in the experimental group who used a manual pump 5 times a day after exclusive breastfeeding and 29 in the control group who breastfed exclusively with no other interventions. Results: While self-breast pumping did not improve breastfeeding rates or the degree of breast milk fullness at any of the time points studied, breastfeeding rates continued to remain high till 12 weeks postpartum in both groups. Conclusion: Although some modifications in research methods will be required to identify the effects of breast pumping and exclusive breastfeeding, both these approaches can be used as interventions to improve breastfeeding rates and breast milk quantity.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.177-192
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• 2015

This paper examined the longitudinal changes observed in the emotional and instrumental values of children of primiparous mothers during the first to fourth year of childhood. Using latent growth modeling, the authors analyzed the four waves of data collected from 937 mothers and their firstborn babies nationwide in South Korea. This data was harvested from the Panel Study on Korean Children conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. The results indicate that emotional and instrumental values of children showed decreasing patterns. When each year's parenting stress was controlled, the emotional value of children tended to increase, whereas the instrumental value of children showed no significant change. Generally, it was found that the higher the parenting stress of each year, the corresponding year's value of the children tended to be lower, except in the case of the first year's emotional value of children. How these results can be best interpreted as well as the implication of these results is also discussed.