• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2018

'Geumhyang2ho', a new brown and labor-saving variety of Flammulina velutipes, was bred by spontaneous crossing between 'Geumhyang' and 'Garlmoe' during demonstration cultivation in bag culture farm of oyster mushroom in 2013. During bottle cultivation, the temperature was maintained at $16^{\circ}C$; the variety displayed good quality compared to the control ('Geumhyang'), without necessitating vinyl cone treatment. The time periods necessary for mycelial growth, fruit body growth, and primordia formation were 24 days, 11 days, and 8 days, respectively. The total cultivation period was 43 days, which was 2 days longer than that of the control. The pileus diameter was smaller, but the pileus thickness and stipe diameter were greater than those of the control. The pileus color was yellowish ivory, which was very similar to that of the control. The yield of 'Geumhyang2ho' was 118 g per 850 ml bottle, which was markedly lower than that for bottle cultivation with vinyl cone treatment. However, its good quality suggests the potential of the labor-saving bottle-based cultivation of 'Geumhyang2ho' without vinyl cone treatment in oyster mushroom farms.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.531-540
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• 2019

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanosilica and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a coupling agent was used to form a coarse spike structure as well as an excellent reactive hydroxyl groups on the glass surface. Then, a second treatment was carried out using a trichloro-(1H,1H,2H,2H)perfluorooctylsilane(TPFOS) solution for ultimate water repellent glass surface formation. The formation of hydrophobic coating layer on glass surface using silica aerosol, which is hydrophobic nanosilica, was not able to form a durable hydrophobic coating layer due to the absence of reactive -OH groups on the surface of nanosilica. On the other hand, a glass surface was first coated with a coating liquid prepared with hydrophilic hydroxyl group-containing nanosilica and hydrolyzed TEOS, and then coated with a TPFOS solution to introduce a hydrophobic surface on glass having a water contact angle of $150^{\circ}$ or more. The sliding angle of the coated glass was less than $1^{\circ}$, which meant the surface had a super water-repellent property. In addition, as the content of hydrophilic nanosilica increased, the optical transmittance decreased and the optical transmittance also decreased after 2nd coating with the TPFOS solution. The super-hydrophobic property of the coated glass was remained up to 50 times of rubbing durability test, but only hydrophobic property was shown after 200 times of rubbing durability test. Conclusively, the optimal coating conditions was double 1st coatings with the HP3 coating solution having a hydrophilic nanosilica content of 0.3 g, and subsequent 2nd coating with the TPFOS solution. It is believed that the coating solution thus prepared can be used as a surface treatment agent for solar cells where light transmittance is also important.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.143-151
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• 2022

In order to investigate the cause of wilting symptoms in red pepper field of Korea, the frequency of occurrence of red peppers showing wilting symptoms was investigated in pepper cultivation fields in Goesan, Chungcheongbuk-do for 5 years from 2010 to 2014. There was a difference in the frequency of wilting symptoms depending on the year of investigation, but the frequency of occurrence increased as the investigation period passed from June and July to August. During this period, Ralstonia solanacearum causing the bacterial wilt was isolated at a rate four times higher than Phytophthora capsica causing the Phytophthora late blight. In wilted peppers collected in Goesan of Chungbuk and Andong of Gyeongbuk in 2013 and 2014, R. solanacearum and P. capsici were isolated from 20.3% and 3.8% of the total fields, respectively. In the year with a high rate of wilting symptoms, the average temperature was high, and the disease occurrence date of the bacterial wilt, estimated with disease forecasting model, was also fast. The inconsistency between the number of days at risk of Phytophthora late blight and the frequency of occurrence of wither symptoms is thought to be due to the generalization of the use of cultivars resistant to the Phytophthora late blight in the pepper field. In our study, the wilting symptoms were caused by the bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum rather than the Phytophthora late blight caused by P. capsica, which is possibly caused by increasing cultivation of pepper varieties resistant to the Phytophthora late blight in the field.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2023

A new brown variety of Flammulina velutipes, referred to as 'Asakgold,' was bred by crossing two monokaryons isolated from the "Geumhyang2ho" and "Garlmoe" varieties. The pileus color of the new variety is light brown and its shape is hemispherical. During bottle cultivation, the period necessary for mycelial growth was 40 days, 9 days for primordia formation and 15 days for fruiting body growth. The total cultivation period was 64 days, which was similar to that of the control variety "Yeoreumhyang1ho." The pileus of the new variety was similar and the stipe was thinner and longer than that of the control. The number of valid stipes per bottle was 495, which was 37 % higher than that of the control (362), and the yield was 214 g, 16 % higher than that of the control (185 g). The β-glucan content was 28.69 %, which was observed to be 1.6 times more than that of the control.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.270-278
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is to understand the clinical characteristics and course of inpatient severe ADHD. Methods : This study retrospectively investigated the chief complaints, history, demographics, neuropsychologic test, psychosocial status of 63 (male 58, female 5) inpatients from a single center with severe attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) during January 1, 1996 to October 31, 2002. Results : The patients with inpatient severe ADHD revealed a male to female ratio of 11.6 : 1 and the average age of onset was 5.3 years(63.6 months, SD 24.3 months) . Comorbidities were noted in 56/63 $(88.9\%)$ patients with the following frequencies : comorbid conduct disorder, 35$(55.6\%)$, mental retardation (MR), 24$(38.1\%)$, mood disorder, 5$(7.9\%)$, tic and Tourette's disorder, 4$(6.4\%)$, oppositional defiant disorder, 4$(5.0\%)$. Chief complaints for admission related to ADHD in 23$(36.5\%)$ patients while 37$(58.7\%)$ patients admitted due to symptoms associated to conduct disorder (CD). The mean onset age of comorbid delinquency was 9.0 years (108.2 months, SD28.8 months), and the average interval between onsets of ADHD and delinquency was 3.6 years (42.9 months, SD32.0 months). Patients who showed early delinquency tended to have an earlier onset of ADHD (p<0.05). Conclusion : The demographics, natural course, and psychosocial factors of hospitalized ADHD patients were similar to prior studies of ADHD in the general population. The onset of age was 5.3 years, and the onset of comorbid delinquency was 9.0 years. The earlier symptoms of ADHD manifested, the earlier delinquency appeared. Most patients were admitted due to chief complaints related to CD. Comorbidities, most of which were CD, were seen in $88.9\%$ of the patients.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 1999

Objectives : The alcohol dependence in elderly people has been prevalent because of increase in geriatric population. However, it is difficult to find out alcohol dependence in the aged, because they have less specific clinical features as compared with adult alcoholics. The aims of this study were to screen alcohol dependence among elderly Koreans and to know the clinical characteristics of Korean delerly alcoholics. Methods : The questionnaires translated into Korean such as Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test(MAST-K), the Brief MAST and the MAST-Geriatirc Version (MAST-KG) were used to screen alcohol dependence in the elderly alcoholic inpatients aged over 60(N=43), adult alcoholic inpatients within 20-59 Yrs of age(N=60), which were compared with age matched normal healthy aged(N=18) or adult controls(N=45). The demographic data such as sex, age, education, occupation, socioeconomic status, marital status, numbers of children, dwelling and religion as well as alcohol history such as duration of alcohol drinking, onset age, family history, impulsivity, somatic illness and motivation were also obtained to identify characteristic features of Korean aged alcoholics by structured interviews. Results : 1) The aged alcoholics had the charateristic features of more in males, lower age, low education levels, more in blue-collar workers, lower socioeconomic class, more in single, few babies, more living alone, having no religion without statistical significance. 2) The onset age of alcohol dependence was significantly higher in the aged alcoholics($45.3{\pm}13.6Yrs$) than in the adult alcoholics($27.7{\pm}8.7Yrs$)(p<0.0001). The duration of problematic alcohol drinking was significantly longer in the aged alcoholics($22.0{\pm}15.1Yrs$) than in adult alcoholics($14.2{\pm}8.4Yrs$)(p<0.01). Otherwise, there were no significant difference between aged and adult alcoholics in the family history, imulsivity, somatic illness and motivation. 3) The mean score of the MAST-K was significantly higher in the aged alcoholics($20.6{\pm}5.4$) than in the normal aged($6.7{\pm}4.4$)(p<0.0001), which was significantly lower than in the adult alcoholics($26.2{\pm}8.0$) and in normal adult controls($9.5{\pm}3.2$)(p<0.05). The mean score of the Brief MAST was significantly lower in the aged alcoholics($9.3{\pm}3.5$) than in the adult alcoholics($14.5{\pm}6.6$)(p<0.0001). The mean score of the MAST-KG was significantly higher in the aged alcoholics($10.6{\pm}3.5$) than in the normal aged($4.8{\pm}4.3$)(p<0.0001). The former was significantly lower than in the adult alcoholics($12.9{\pm}4.3$)(p<0.005), and the mean score was $4.5{\pm}2.8$ in normal adult controls. 4) The items which showed statistically significant differences between aged alcoholics and normal aged controls could be found in 10 items of the MAST-K(items 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 14, 17, 21, 22 and 23), 2 items of the Brief MAST(items 2 and 9), and 7 items of the MAST-KG(items 6, 13, 18, 19, 22, 23 and 24)(p<0.01). Conclusions : The scores of the MAST-K, the Brief MAST and the MAST-KG were significantly lower in the aged alcoholics than those in the adult alcoholics (p<0.05). The statistically significant differences between aged alcoholics and normal aged controls could be found in 10 items of the MAST-K, 2 items of the Brief MAST and 7 items of the MAST-KG. Therefore, a briefer rating scales around 10 items are needed to screen alcohol dependence among Korean elderly people.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.550-560
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• 2002

Background : Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women. Although most cases of lung cancer occur in the sixty to eight decades of life, 5 to 10% are diagnosed at a young age. There are characteristic features in young patients with lung cancer that differ from those in older patients with lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine if the basal characteristics and survival in young patients with lung cancer differed from those of old patients. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 94 young patients who were under 45 years of age and compared them with 1,728 old patients (= 46 years of age) in 4 medical schools at Daegu, between August 1986 and July 1995. Results : Significantly more female patients and adenocarcinomas were found in the young patients group. when compared to the old patients. Cough and sputum were the most frequent presenting symptom in both age groups. This was followed by chest discomfort, dyspnea and hemoptysis. The rates of smoking was significantly lower in the young patients. There was no statistical difference in the severity of the disease in terms of staging between the two age groups. Young patients received treatment more frequently than the older patients. The location of the primary tumors was equally frequent in both the upper and lower lobe. However, the survival was bettrer in the young patients(median survival time, 67.3 weeks), when compared to the old patients (median survival time, 26.8 weeks) (p<0.05). Conclusion : Females and adenocarcinoma patients were predominant in young patients with lung cancer. The young patients appeared to have significantly better prognosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1225-1231
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• 2005

Purpose : This study compares the first epileptic seizures between preterm and term-born children with periventricular leukomalacia and epilepsy. Methods : From 108 cases having lesions of high signal intensity around the ventricles in T2 weighted imaging of a brain magnetic resonance study, we selected 37 cases that showed epileptic seizures two times or more and divided them into the group of preterm-born(27 cases) and term-born children(10 cases). A retrospective study was made by comparing the two groups with regard to age, type of the first epileptic seizures, EEG findings and responsiveness to anticonvulsants. Results : The age of the first epileptic seizure was $22.2{\pm}18.3$ months in the preterm-born group and $26.9{\pm}21.1$ months in the term-born group(P=0.505). As for the first epileptic seizure, 11 out of the 27 cases in the preterm-born group had infantile spasms. Out of the 10 cases in the term-born group, 7 had complex partial seizures. In the preterm group, hypsarrhythmias were found in 11 cases, focal epileptiform discharges in 6 cases. In term-born group, focal epileptiform discharges were found in 5 cases but no epileptiform discharge was found in 3 cases. Intractable epilepsies were diagnosed in 6 cases and all of them belonged to the preterm-born group. Conclusion : More severe epilepsies such as infantile spasm and intractable epilepsies seem to be more common in preterm-born epileptic children with PVL as well as more severely abnormal EEG finding compared to term-born epileptic children.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2010

The effects of $CO_2$ concentration on fruit-body formation and yield of Pleurotus ferulae (KME65003) mushroom were examined in the growing facilities for bottle cultivation. The $CO_2$ concentration levels in the growing facilities were 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm of $CO_2$, controlled by different ventilation amount. Yield of fruit body was highest of 102.4 g/bottle at 1000 ppm treatment and lowest of 75.1 g/bottle at 2000 ppm. As the $CO_2$ concentration increased up to 2000 ppm, the first pinhead formation and fruit-body growing period took longer, so total growing period took 16 days at 500 ppm, but 23 days at 2000 ppm. The number of pinhead formation was highest of 12.2/bottle at 1500 ppm and valid stipes was highest of 2.8/bottle at 1000 ppm. Fruit body characteristics such as pileus and stipe diameter, and stipe length were not significant at different $CO_2$ concentration. The fruit body ratio of 20~50 g range among the whole fruit body which was classified by weight was highest of 60.3% at 1000 ppm. As a result, the suitable $CO_2$ concentration of growth and yield of Pleurotus ferulae was showed as 1000 ppm.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 1989

Some factors effecting on mycelial growth and cultural substrates using pine sawdust were investigated to develop an artificial cultivation technique. The optimal temperature and media pH for the mycelial growth were at $25^{\circ}C$ and 4.0, respectively. The mycelial growth was not different among three isolates tested. Among them ASI 19003 isolate showed the highest mycelial density and fruitbody yield. Among supplements added into pine sawdust, wheat bran was the best and its appropriate percentage was 20 for the mycelial growth. The mycelial densities were uprisen according to the amounts of the supplement. The highest yield, 107g/bottle of the sporophores of the mushroom was obtained from the substrates supplemented by 30% of wheat bran, but no fruitbody was formed on non supplemented one. Optimal moisture contents of the substrates was different for the mycelial growth, pinheading and fruitbody yields. Sixty five, 60 and 75% of moisture contents of the substrates were optimal for the mycelial growth, pinheading and fruitbody yields, respectively.