• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2012

In case of treating the functional type of anterior cross bite, removing the cause in early stage prevents from turning to skeletal type, leads to perform normal function, and has improved facial appearance. Functional Regulator III (FR III), one kind of the Functional regulator(FR)s suggested by R$\ddot{o}$lf Fr$\ddot{a}$nkel in 1966, applied to patients with the functional and skeletal anterior crossbite in early mixed, and permanent dentition. This appliance improves unbalanced power condition by blocking abnormal muscle-power effect, so that normal growth can be expected. In this case report, favorable results were obtained by selecting clinical cases of children in their early mixed dentition with functional cross bite. 1. FR IIIs were applied to patients with anterior crossbite for 5~6 months. Anterior crossbite patients were corrected favorably, nevertheless they didn't show any horizontal skeletal-changes by buccal shields. 2. Normal occlusion and esthetic facial contour were achieved from dental movement of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth while the mandible rotates to posterior and inferior direction.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2015

Short root anomaly (SRA) is very rare, but can be problematic for physicians because patients with SRA are more vulnerable to root resorption with orthodontic forces. During the mixed dentition period, it may be difficult to diagnose generalized SRA. This article reports the treatment of an orthodontic patient with SRA at the early mixed dentition stage. Despite local tooth loss, a relatively favorable outcome was obtained without excessive root resorption. Ultimately, orthodontic therapy is possible for patients with generalized SRA, but precautions should be taken to avoid complications, such as tooth loss or root resorption.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2007

Mutans streptococci have been reported to be implicated in dental caries. Of these streptococcal species, Streptcoccus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are most commonly found in human dental caries. Prevalence of these bacterial species in dental caries is found to be varied in different races and countries. Therefore, importance of these bacteria in dental caries remains to be determined The present study was performed to find out correlation S. mutans and S. sobrinus with dental caries in 125 Korean children with mixed dentition between 6 to 11 years of age. They were classified as group A(6-8 years) and group B(9-11 years) by age. For the study, stimulated saliva samples were collected from each subject. The vials containing saliva specimens were serially diluted (1:10) in saline and plated in duplicate on tryptone-yeast extract-cysteine with sucrose and bacitracin (TYCSB) for S. mutans and S. sobrinus. After genomic DNA was extracted from the samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed for identification using universal primers and specific primers to S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Data of microbial variables were compared to caries status of the subjects. According to this study, the result were as follows : 1. S. mutans versus S. sobrinus were moderate positive linear correlated in both group A(r=0.70) and group B(r=0.50). 2. Between S. mutans and dental caries there were weak positive linear correlation in both group A(r= 0.25) and group B(r=0.34). 3. S. sobrinus versus dental caries were not correlated in group A but slightly correlated in group B(r=0.21). 4. Between S. mutans and age, there were not correlation in both group. 5. S. sobrinus versus age were weak correlated in group A(r=0.32) but not correlated in group B.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.438-443
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• 2000

Ectopic eruption should be understood as a change in the course of the normal eruption path of a dental bud at any moment its origin. An example of this alteration is the dental transposition, a rare and more specific dental anomaly that may be defined as a change of position between two teeth. This case shows ectopic eruption of transposed mandibular lateral incisor beneath primary first molar at the first transitional period of the mixed dentition The crown of the lateral incisor has tipped distally, compelling root resorption and exfoliation of the adjacent primary cuspid and primary first molar. The reason for such eruption is not clearly understood, but it may involve; (1)trauma history, (2)prolonged retention of the deciduous teeth, (3)premature exfoliation of the deciduous teeth, and (4)genetic factor. Treatment is divided into interceptive and definitive treatment. Ectopically erupting mandibular incisor tends to become transposed with the adjacent cuspid and thus seems to warrant early orthodontic intervention. Early treatment may obviate later extraction or transposition of the incisor and canine in the permanent dentition. Timing is an important factor to be considered regarding in the correction of the lateral incisor transposition. This case advocates treatment with an active orthodontic therapy at the early stage of the mixed dentiton, before the eruption of the permanent cuspid.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2019

This study aimed to evaluate skeletodental characteristics of patient with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) in mixed dentition. It involved the children in early mixed dentition who visited Pusan National University dental hospital for orthodontic purposed and had intact primary canines. 38 children with MLIA and 38 controls with the same chronological age satisfying the inclusion criteria were selected. The craniofacial structures and dental arch dimensions of the MLIA were evaluated using model & cephalometric analysis and compared to controls. The rate of unilateral MLIA was high in male and the rate of bilateral MLIA was high in female. In model analysis, the width / length ratio of maxillary anterior portion of the MLIA group were higher and arch perimeter of the maxilla of the MLIA group were smaller than those of the control group (p = 0.003, 0.04). Cephalometric analysis showed that there were no significant differences in terms of skeletal, dental analysis. In soft tissue profile, nasolabial angle was larger in MLIAs than in controls (p = 0.039). Considering these skeletodental characteristics of MLIA, early diagnosis and proper management is highly recommended to minimize the possibility of functional defect.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.678-685
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• 2006

A certain width of attached gingiva is required to maintain gingival health The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensional changes in the width of attached gingiva and the depth of gingival sulcus among the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions and establish baseline information on the width of attached gingiva in Korean children. Eighty-eight children aged 4 to 14, who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Samsung Medical Center, were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the periods of dentition: deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions. The width of keratinized gingiva and the depth of gingival sulcus were measured in each group with a periodontal probe and the width of attached gingiva was determined. The width of attached gingiva in maxillary and mandibular first molars increased significantly with age after eruption in the permanent dentition (p<0.05). The sulcus depth significantly increased in newly erupted permanent teeth with narrower width of attached gingiva (p<0.05) in all of the experimented teeth with the exception of the mandibular central incisor during the transition period. The results suggest that the mean width of attached gingiva does not increase steadily from the deciduous to the permanent dentition.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.357-366
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• 2008

Posterior cross-bite is a relatively frequent malocclusion in primary and early mixed dentition and the reported prevalence of posterior cross-bite varies from 7% to 23%. It has been defined as a transverse discrepancy in arch relationship which the palatal cusp of the upper posterior teeth do not occlude in the central fossa of the opposing lower teeth, and can be manifested in a single tooth or in a group of teeth. Posterior cross-bite does not often self-correct and therefore immediate treatment is recommended. Occlusal adjustment to eliminate premature contact that causes mandibular deviation, expansion of narrow maxillary arch, arrangement of the individual teeth to treat asymmetry within the dental arch are the methods of treating cross-bite. In the present case, functional posterior cross-bite was observed in the primary and the early mixed dentition children. The children were treated by the slow maxillary expansion and occlusal adjustment. The outcome of periodic examinations after the correction of cross-bite was favorable.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2011

In the process of assessing the children with anterior crossbite in early mixed dentition, it has frequently been detected that the stronger the skeletal pattern of the malocclusion is, the more markedly delayed the development and eruption of maxillary teeth are. If the anteroposterior characteristics of craniofacial skeleton has any relationship with dental maturation, the evaluation of dental development and eruption was thought to be able to contribute to early diagnosis of crossbite in children. This study was performed for the purpose of elucidating the relationship between dental maturation of maxillary teeth and some cephalometric values in children with anterior crossbite of maxillary undergrowth type in early mixed dentition. Among the children in Hellman dental age IIA and IIC who attended the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Pusan National University Hospital with orthodontic problems, cases with Class III malocclusion were classified and 50 cases of maxillary undergrowth type and type with normal maxilla respectively were randomly selected and studied as subjects. From their lateral cephalographs and panoramic radiographs, their anteroposterior skeletal features, the dental maturity and eruption rate were obtained of each group and data were analyzed to yield the results as follows: 1. Comparing the maturity of maxillary teeth of both groups, only the first molars of maxillary undergrowth group showed significantly slower development and eruption (p<0.05). 2. There was high correlation between maturation of maxillary 1st molar and chronological age(p<0.05). 3. Among the parameters of anteroposterior relationship of skeletal pattern in maxilla and mandible. Wits was revealed as a useful index to predict both the calcification and eruption rate of the 1st molars whereas SNA was to eruption rate(p<0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.345-350
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• 2008

In children with Class III malocclusion, it is important to identify whether the etiology is functional, dental, skeletal. FR-III developed by Rolf Frankel in 1970, has been used during deciduous, mixed, and early permanent dentition to correct class III malocclusion characterized by maxillary skeletal retrusion. According Frankel, the vestibular shields and upper labial pads act to counteract the forces of the surrounding musculature that restrict forward maxillary development and cause a retrusion in maxillary tooth position. This can achieve favorable developments with the basal bone, teeth and alveolar bone. We report FR-III that can be applicated in cases of early mixed dentition with mild maxillary deficiency and deepbite before the eruption of permanent maxillary incisor.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.547-554
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• 1994

Posterior crossbites are abnormal buccal, or lingual relationship of a tooth or teeth of the maxilla, the mandible, or both when the teeth of the two arches are in occlusion and involve the molars and premolars. Posterior crossbites are classified as dental, muscular(functional), or skeletal. In an effort to avoid occlusal interferences caused by the inadequate arch width, the patient deviates the mandible laterally upon closure to achieve maximum intercuspation. This is described as functional posterior crossbite. Correction of functional posterior crossbites in the primary & early mixed dentition as early as possible after diagnosis has been recommended, because crossbites do not automatically improve with the eruption of the permanent teeth. Functional posterior crossbites, if left untreated, may have deleterious effects on the development and function of the TMJ. The diagnosis and management of three cases is presented. Each patient with functional posterior crossbites is treated using the bilateral maxillary expansion appliance.