• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-127
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of in-situ rock stresses on the deformability and permeability of fractured rocks. Geological data were taken from the site investigation at Forsmark, Sweden, conducted by Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Man-agement Company (SKB). A set of numerical experiments was conducted to determine the equivalent mechanical properties (essentially, elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio) and permeability, using a Discrete Fracture Network-Discrete Element Method (DFN-DEM) approach. The results show that both mechanical properties and permeability are highly dependent on stress because of the hyperbolic nature of the stiffness of fractures, different closure behavior of fractures, and change of fluid pathways caused by deformation. This study shows that proper characterization and consideration of in-situ stress are important not only for boundary conditions of a selected site but also for the understanding of the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of fractured rocks.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

Endocrine disruptors have been reported to adversely affect reproduction and embryonic development in wild animals. One of the major abnormalities observed during early embryonic development is cellular fragmentation. In this study, we exposed mouse preimplantation embryos to PCB, BPA and DDT in vivo or in vitro. Embryos exposed to endocrine disrupter showed a variety of morphological abnormalities such as fragmentation, irregular blastomeres and cracked empty zonae pellucidae. To investigate the levels of gene expression related which genes contribute to apoptosis in preimplantation mouse embryos, we carried out the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess mRNA levels far apoptotic gene. Bcl-2, bad and bax expression levels were compared between control group and endocrine disrupter treated group. Expression level of bcl-2 gene tended to be lower in the treated group than control while expression levels of bad and bax genes were higher in the treated group. Results of this study may provide a useful tool for rapidly screening developmental toxicants in preimplantation embryos exposed to endocrine disruptors in vivo or in vitro.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.523-533
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• 2015

A reactor containment acts as a final barrier to prevent leakage of radioactive material due to the possible reactor accidents into external environment. Because of the functional importance of the containment building, the SIT(Structural Integrity Test) for containments shall be performed to evaluate the structural acceptability and demonstrate the quality of construction. An initial numerical analysis was performed to simulate the results obtained from the SIT for a prestressed concrete(PSC) structure. But the analysis results by the initial model expected smaller displacements than the measured ones by 30% at some locations. Accordingly, the research and development to improve the initial model to corelate the measured results of the SIT more properly have been performed. In this paper, the effects of the loss of concrete due to duct for tendons and the contact of duct and tendons in un-bonded tendon system are mainly evaluated based on the preliminary analysis results. In addition, the importances of the proper definition of mesh connectivity among structural elements of concrete, liner plates, rebars and tendons are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2007

Radio Frequency IDentification(RFID) is in the limelight of fields of military, delivery and library management as an alternative or barcode system. However, it is restricted within product manufacturing, sales and delivery. In this paper, we apply RFID technology into process, especially packing process management to gauge RFID applicability. To verify beneficial features of RFID, we simulate RFID-adopted packing process. As a result, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a RFID-based Process Improvement In manufacturing process. The results of performance evaluations demonstrate that the proposed RFID-based Process Improvement reduces the labour time, labour cost and material cost. Furthermore, we analyze the validity of RFID-based Process Improvement by RFID cost.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1-1
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• 2001

비휘발성 메모리 소자로의 응용의 관점에서, sol-gel 방법으로 La 을 10mo1% 로 고정시킨 PLZT (10/y/z) 박막을 제작하여 Zr/Ti 조성비에 따른 구조적 및 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. PLZT(10/40/60) 박막은 로제트와 파이로클로르 상이 관찰되었으며, Zr/Ti 조성비에서 Ti 함유량이 증가함에 따라, (100) 배향성, 결정립 크기와 표면 거칠기는 증가되었다. 또한 Zr/Ti 조성비에서 Ti 함유량이 증가함에 따라, 10㎑ 에서 비유전율은 600 에서 400 으로 감소된 반면, 유전손실은 0.028 에서 0.053 로 증가되었으며, 170 ㎸/cm 에서 누설전류밀도는 1.64×$10^{-6}$ 에서 1.26×$10^{-7}$A/㎠ 으로 감소되었다. 그리고 ± 170㎸/㎝ 에서 측정한 PLZT 박막의 이력곡선을 측정한 결과, Zr/Ti 조성비가 40/60 에서 0/100 로 변화함에 따라 PLZT 박막의 잔류분극과 항전계는 6.62 에서 12.86 μC/cm2, 32.15 에서 56.45㎸/㎝ 로 각각 증가되었으며, 피로와 retention 특성 역시 개선되었다. PLZT 박막에 ±5V 의 사각펄스를 $10^9$ 회 인가하여 피로특성을 측정한 결과, PLZT(10/40/60) 박막의 잔류분극은 초기분극값으로부터 50% 감소된 반면, PLZT(10/0/100) 박막은 30% 감소되었다. 또, $10^5$ 초의 retention 결과에서 PLZT(10/0/100) 박막은 초기분극값에서 오직 11% 만이 감소된 반면, PLZT(10/40/60) 박막은 40% 감소되었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.173-188
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• 1999

Kim et al.(I999) presented a non-linear finite element formulation of spatial ocean cables using multiple noded cable elements. The initial equilibrium state of ocean cables subjected to self-weights, support motions, and current forces was determined using the load incremental method and free vibration analysis were performed considering added mass, In this paper, the methods to generate regular and irregular waves and calculate wave forces due to these waves are discussed and challenging example problems are presented in order to investigate dynamic non-linear behaviors of ocean cables subjected to wave loadings.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.132-138
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• 2002

Of srategic importance nowdays is the development of high performance spacecraft bus. In this study, optimization for spacecraft structure is performed under the framework of coupled load analysis which is a branch of component mode synthesis with constrained mode and modal transient analysis. unlike the traditional method which uses the quasi-static table supplied by launch vehicle contractor, the present method adots the load results of previous coupled load analysis. It if shown that the proposed method can serve as a effective tool for the optimization spacecraft structure in the early stage of design and weight reduction by numerical example.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a method that search the sweet spot of array antenna beam, and keep it for fast speed transmission in millimeter wave on single array antenna link. We use TDD(Time Division Duplex) as transfer method, and it transfers the control data of antenna. The proposed method is the modified genetic algorithm which selects a superior initial group through slave-processing in order to resolve the local solution of genetic algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by means of simulations with white Gaussian noise and not on single array antenna link.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2017

In this study, CS-H walls with large stiffness were constructed using geosythetics for use in excavation at a depth of 30 m or more in Korea, and in order to construct the CS-H wall suitable for the site conditions, the formulation was examined according to the change in the mixing ratio of the geosythetics and the slump value (slump flow) and as a result, in the target slump 180 mm and the slump flow 500 mm, the formulation was confirmed to meet the mechanical properties such as the initial bending strength, the long-term behavior, and the elastic modulus as well as the economic efficiency. However, in the slump flow 600 mm, the result indicated that the formulation was inappropriate in the mechanical properties such as the initial bending strength, the long-term behavior, and the elastic modulus.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

Two octagonal RC bridge columns of small scale model were tested under cyclic lateral load with constant axial load. One in two specimens was solid cross section, the other was hollow cross section. The volumetric ratio of transverse spiral hoop of all specimens is 0.00206. The columns showed flexure-shear failure. Failure behavior and seismic performance were investigated. The test results showed that the structural performance of the hollow specimen such as initial crack pattern, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation performance was comparable to that of the solid specimen, but the lateral strength, ultimate displacement, energy dissipation performance of hollow specimen noticeably decreased after drift ratio of 3%.