• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.176-179
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• 1997

본 논문은 입/출력 관계가 불명확한 가전제품 제어에 인공신경회로망을 응용하여 지능형 제어기를 구현하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 다층신경회로망을 사용하고 Error Back Propagation 학습방법에 의하여 학습되도록 한다. 제어대상물에서 알 수 있는 정보는 입력값과 이에 대응하는 출력값 뿐이며 입력과 출력에 대한 관계를 수학적으로 모델링하기 어려운 경우이다. 인공신경회로망을 이용한 제어를 위하여 Neural Network Emulator(NNE)와 Neural Network Controller(NNC)가 개발되며 각 신경회로망의 초기하중백터는 제어대상에 오프라인 학습으로 결정하고, 자동조절과정에서 온라인 학습하여 새로운 대상제품 상황에 적응하도록 설계되었다. 제안된 지능형 제어시스템은 PC를 이용하여 실시스템에 적용하여 검토되었다.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the organization socialization process of engineering novice for the learning and adaptation. Qualitative case study was performed with 5 participants and the collected qualitative data were analyzed using funnel-like method. The findings showed that the organization socialization process proceed in three steps-anticipatory, encounter, and metarmorphosis. Engineering Novice look at the whole organization socialization proces of organization culture and job maladjustment, and the relationship between internal and external organizations to overcome the difficulties arising from the community through the process of becoming a full participant. Socialization of engineering novice is ultimately the organization to respond to new situations and changes in the learning process takes place in the process, talking about a major resource for human resources. This enables organizations to socialize and harmonious human relationships within the organization so that it can be more important than anything else.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.1011-1013
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• 2014

2D/3D 입체영상의 변환을 위해 산업현장에서 아티스트가 경험적으로 양자화된 깊이 정보를 제작하고, 입력된 깊이 정보의 차이와 픽셀 간의 유사성을 이용하여 물체의 윤곽을 보존하는 한편, 실시간으로 평활화 과정을 수행하는 방법을 제안한다. 아티스트의 의도를 반영하기 위해 초기 입력한 깊이 정보를 바탕으로 적응적인 스무딩 파라미터를 할당함으로써 기존의 수작업을 반자동화하였다. 제안된 방법에서는 기존 방법의 평활화 단계에서 Domain Transformation 기법을 적용하고, 노이즈 제거 단계에서 양방향 필터를 적용하였다. 즉 산업 현장에서 문제점들을 해결하도록 알고리즘을 변형하여 기존 알고리즘의 성능을 개선하였다. 실험 결과는 제안된 방법이 기존의 제작 방법과 비교하여 적은 양자화 단계로 동일한 성능을 내는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.2757-2763
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• 2015

p-Snake is an energy minimizing algorithm that applies an additional prototype energy to the existing Active Contour Model and is used to extract the contour line in the area where the edge information is unclear. In this paper suggested the creation of a prototype energy field that applies a variable prototype expressed as a combination of circle and straight line primitives, and a fudge function, to improve p-Snake's contour extraction performance. The prototype was defined based on the parts codes entered and the appropriate initial contour was extracted in each primitive zones acquired from the pre-processing process. Then, the primitives variably adjusted to create the prototype and the contour probability based on the distance to the prototype was calculated through the fuzzy function to create the prototype energy field. This was applied to p-Snake to extract the contour from 100 images acquired from various small parts and compared its similarity with the prototype to find that p-Snake made with the adaptive prototype was about 4.6% more precise than the existing Snake method.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.127-133
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• 2013

This paper compare the performance of CCA (Compact Constellation Algorithm) adaptive equalization algorithm by effect of the compact slice weighting value for minimization of the intersymbol interference in the communication channel. The CCA combines the conventional DDA and RCA algorithm, it uses the constant modulus of the transmission signal and the considering the output of decision device by the power of compact slice weighting value in order to improving the initial convergence characteristics and the equalization noise by misadjustment in the steady state. In this process, it is confirmed by computer simulation that the compact slice weight affects the performance of CCA adaptive equalization algorithm. The performance index includes the output signal constellation, the residual isi and maximum distortion and MSE that is for the convergence characteristics, the SER according to the signal and noise power ratio at the channel is used. As a result of computer, it shows that the large weighting value gives more good in every performance index. But in SER performance, it is known that the small values gives more good in low SNR and the large values gives more good in high SNR.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3389-3404
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• 2012

Based on the case study methods, the study analyzes emergence and ensuing typology of global ebook platforms such as Google eBook, Amazon Kindle, iBooks Store. Global ebook platforms show adaptation process responding to rapidly changing digital technological envirment and it's fitness landscape. The critical elements in its emerging process are the distinct selection criteria, the degree of resource abundance and the search process based on open innovation. Based on these critical elements, the global platforms show speciation process, so called niche creation and are evolving into a variety of the typology based on the initial condition of key resource which makes the platform emerge and grow. Each global ebook platforms is evolving into open platform, hybrid platform, closed platform. Google eBook has openness and extensibility due to a variety of devices based on Android and a direct involvement of actors. Amazon Kindle has developed from a online bookstore and into the hybrid platform which have not only closed quality but also openness with ebook devices and mobile network. iBooks Store has developed into the closed platform through the agency model based on competitive hardwares and closed quality with iphone and ipad.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.392-392
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• 2023

통합수자원관리 IWRM(Integrated Water Resources Management)를 위한 다각도의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 구축된 정보의 활용 증진, 정책적 측면 등이 어우러져 고려되어야 비로소 통합으로서의 가치가 확보될 것이다. 본 고에서는 그중 데이터 측면을 살펴본다. 데이터 관점에서도 정보의 수집, 유통, 품질 등 여러 관점의 주제가 존재한다. 예를 들어 유통을 위한 메타데이터는 ISO 19139의 채택에서 추가 보완할 부분이 무엇인지, 유통을 위한 포맷과 인터페이스는 XML과 OGC WFS를 채택시 충분한 호환성이 확보되는지 등 이 주요한 검토요소가 될 것이다. 본 고에서는 이러한 고민에 앞서, 초기 절차인 시스템 적재 과정의 ETL(Extract, Transform and Load)과 ELT(Extract, Load and Transform) 방법을 비교하고자 한다. 수자원 분야 데이터를 사용한 예시 사례를 통하여, 최근 데이터 산업 분야에서 ETL과 ELT 차이가 이슈화되고 있는 이유를 살펴보고, 온프레미스와 클라우드 상황에 대하여 두 가지 방법의 장단점을 비교함으로서 다양한 데이터를 직면하게 되는 IWRM에서의 데이터 적응에 대한 힌트를 얻고자 한다. 기본적으로는 ETL보다 ELT의 효율성이 높을 것으로 전망된다. 그러나 해당 변환 과정이 일회성인지 반복적인지 고려해야 한다. 또한 변환에 있어 지배적인 요소가 변환 프로세스의 복잡도인지, 레코드 건수인지도 유불리에 영향을 준다. 비용측면에서는 ETL보다 ELT의 저장 비용이 증가할 수 있고, 이는 온프레미스 DBMS에서 PaaS 유형의 DBMS로 전환되어감에 따라 더 큰 부담이 될 수 있다. 무엇보다 ETL, ELT에서는 요구되는 변환 기술의 종류가 다르다. 예를 들어 Desktop GIS 도구와 ANSI 표준 SQL 기술로 대표될 수 있으며 각 수행조직에서는 보유 인적자원의 기술 현황과 학습곡선 등을 고려해야 한다. 결론적으로 ETL, ELT의 비교에 있어서는 처리시간과 동시에, 비용과 인적 자원 그리고 전략적 측면도 함께 검토되어야 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2012

For digital data compression, the quantization is the main part of the lossy source coding. In order to improve the performance of quantization, the vector quantizer(VQ) can be employed. The encoding complexity, however, exponentially increases as the vector dimension or bit rate gets large. Much research has been conducted to alleviate such problems of VQ. Especially for high bit rates, a constrained VQ, which is called the sample-adaptive product quantizer(SAPQ), has been proposed for reducing the hugh encoding complexity of regular VQs. SAPQ has very similar structure as to the product VQ(PQ). However, the quantizer performance can be better than the PQ case. Further, the encoding complexity and the memory requirement for the codebooks are lower than the regular full-search VQ case. Among SAPQs, 1-SAPQ has a simple quantizer structure, where each product codebook is symmetric with respect to the diagonal line in the underlying vector space. It is known that 1-SAPQ shows a good performance for i.i.d. sources. In this paper, a study on designing 1-SAPQ for the first-order Markov process. For an efficient design of 1-SAPQ, an algorithm for the initial codebook is proposed, and through the numerical analysis it is shown that 1-SAPQ shows better quantizer distortion than the VQ case, of which encoding complexity is similar to that of 1-SAPQ, and shows distortions, which are close to that of the DPCM(differential pulse coded modulation) scheme with the Lloyd-Max quantizer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2002

In this paper we describe the method which optimizes the partition of the input space by means of measure of fuzziness for fuzzy neural network. It covers its generation of fuzzy rules for input sub space. It verifies the performance of the system depended on the various time interval of the input. This method divides the input space into several fuzzy regions and assigns a degree of each of the generated rules for the partitioned subspaces from the given data using the Shannon function and fuzzy entropy function generating the optimal knowledge base without the irrelevant rules. In this scheme the basic idea of the fuzzy neural network is to realize the fuzzy rule base and the process of reasoning by neural network and to make the corresponding parameters of the fuzzy control rules be adapted by the steepest descent algorithm. According to the input interval the proposed inference procedure proves that the fast convergence of root mean square error (RMSE) owes to the optimal partition of the input space

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.213-232
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• 2000

The development of the knee joint was studied by electron microscopy in human fetuses ranging from 20 mm to 260 mm crown-rump length ($7\sim30$ weeks of gestational age). The appearance of the primordium of the meniscus and cruciate ligament was conspicuous as the mesenchymal cells , preceeding that of joint space at 30 mm fetus. The primitive joint cavity was first seen in the interzone from the 40 mm fetus and its intermediate layer proceeded developing as a narrow cleft which was closely incorporated with two chondrogenic layers. Poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells of the meniscus at 40 mm fetus containing predominantly free ribosomes differentiated into fibroblasts at 60 mm fetus. By 100 mm fetus, the fibroblast in inner zone of the meniscus presented as oval profiles with a short cell processes, whereas middle and peripheral zones presented as elongated cells. Differentiation of the synovial membrane coincided with clarification of the joint cavity When dilatation of the synovial cavity occurred, the two types of synovial cells were identified at 60 mm fetus. By 100 mm fetus a majority of the intimal cells were B-type. B-type cells were clearly distinguishable from A-type cells by their content of extensive rough endoplasmic reticula and well developed Golgi complexes. In contrast, A-type cells had numerous filopodia, pinocytotic vesicles, lysosomes and large vacuoles. At 260 mm fetus the B-type cells were also a majority of intimal cells. At 260 mm fetus the inner zone of the meniscus was filled with parallel oriented fascicles of collagenous fibers and oval fibroblasts. The middle zone was constituted of parallel and radially arranged fibers and fibroblasts. The outer zone was populated by elongated fibroblasts encircled by crossed collagenous fibers with the blood vessels. At 30 mm fetus the fibroblasts of the cruciate ligament contained rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria. Collagen fibrils were noted within narrow cytoplasmic processes which were continued with the extracellular space. Collagen fibrils of ligament were filled in the bulk of extracellular space at 100 mm fetus. By $150\sim260mm$ fetus, the cruciate ligaments were constituted of longitudinally oriented bundle of collagen fibrils with irregular rows of round cells between.