• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2006

Oral administration of chloral hydrate with hydroxyzine, nitrous oxide inhalation and intramuscular or intranasal administration of midazolam is the most commonly used pharmacological behavior management methods for the children in pre-cooperative stage or show negative behavior in pediatric dentistry. For oral administration of chloral hydrate with hydroxyzine, it is hard to apply to the patient refused to intake and with overweighted or elderly children and the effect of the drug decrease. Nitrous oxide and midazolam is anxiolytic agents and have limitation for properly managing the behavior of the children refuse to dental treatment. These occasions, deep sedation or general anesthesia can be considered. Although intravenous sedation with midazolam has many advantages such as, rapid onset and recovery, possible to titration and few side effect, no rebound effect by metabolites, the reports for, intravenous sedation with midazolam is insufficient in pediatric dentistry. We report the case in pre-cooperative stage. He is treated successfully under intravenous sedation with midazolam.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 2016

The increase in impervious surfaces due to urban development has caused a groundwater drawdown through the reduction of underground infiltration, flood disaster due to increased rainfall runoff and environmental pollution in higher pollutant concentrations of first flush rainwater. As an alternative to these problems, the needs of low impact development (LID) techniques is increasing in urban areas. In this study, the restoration efficiency of water cycle was assessed at a residential site development applied with the LID rainwater management system. The results of monitoring the water cycling showed that the efficiency of water cycle of LID rainwater management system was improved 41% more than that of conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.411-411
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 유역 특성 인자와 지점 유량-유사량 관계식의 상관성 분석을 하였다. 대상 지점은 군남, 청미(이상 한강 유역), 향석, 동문, 선산, 동촌, 개진2(이상 낙동강 유역), 회덕, 합강(이상 금강 유역), 선암, 남평(이상 영산강 유역)을 선정하였다. 대상 지점의 상류에 댐이 있을 경우 유량-유사량 관계식이 왜곡될 가능성이 있기 때문에 이상 지점은 상류에 댐이 없는 곳으로 선정되었다. 이들 지점을 출구로 하는 유역을 정의하고 각 유역의 형상계수, 수면 폭, 단면적, 하천 총 길이 등을 조사하여 유량-유사량 관계식과 비교하였다. 분석 결과 수면 폭, 단면적, 하천 총 길이가 증가할수록 관계식의 계수는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고 지수는 증가하는 형태를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 형상계수는 뚜렷한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 유량-유사량의 경향성을 파악하기 위해 기존의 측정성과와 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 비교 분석한 결과 대부분 유사한 특성과 경향성을 나타내었으나 일부 다른 특성을 보인 지점도 존재하였다. 본 연구는 특정 지점의 유량-유사량 관계가 유역의 지형 특성에 영향을 받는 다는 것을 시사하는 초기 연구로 향후 추가 연구를 통해 그 영향을 규명할 필요성을 보여준다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

The authors discuss the effect of hydraulic conductivity on the suction profile and stability of a typical cut-slope subjected to low intensity rainfall. The initial suction value above the ground table in the unsaturated zone is assumed to be 15 kPa. The uncoupled approach of finite element and limit equilibrium method is used to evaluate the stability of the cut-slope at different elapsed times of rainfall. The finite element seepage analysis shows that the soil in the unsaturated zone always remains unsaturated during the course of low intensity rainfall. Furthermore, the slope stability remains practically unchanged so long as the wetting front remains in the unsaturated zone but it decreases noticeably when the wetting front reaches and elevates the ground water table level.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2007

Mitochondrial myopathy is characterized by variable clinical manifestations from mild limb weakness to fatal respiratory failure and central nervous system sequela. But it is a rare event that sleep disordered breathing become a clue of diagnosis for mitochondrial myopathy. We report a case of a 21 year-old man who was diagnosed as mitochondrial myopathy during the investigation for the possible cause of chronic hypoventilation syndrome. Before being admitted to our hospital, he was suspected as having sleep apnea syndrome in another hospital. We re-evaluated the history, physical examination, laboratoy findings and polysomnography in detail. Severe hypoxemia was noted during REM sleep on nocturnal polysomnography and the diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy was made by muscle biopsy in rectus abdominis muscle. We treated him with bilevel positive airway pressure therapy during sleep and it could reverse the hypoxemia during REM sleep. He could be discharged with improved condition and is being well with the use of this ventilatory assistance.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.505-516
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• 2000

Chloral hydrate is one of the most widely used sedative agents to control the difficult-to-treat young age group in the dental clinic. We are often frustrated to see the patient still awake and cry with agitation even after far more than the normal onset time of Chloral hydrate. In such a case, the patient has to be rescheduled for another sedation visit with different agents and/or routes which greatly disappoints the guardians. This study was designed to test the efficacy of one sedative regimen that can possibly help the clinician complete scheduled treatment without postponement. We have tried sleep induction with mixed gas of Enflurane(2vol%) and $N_2O(50%)-O_2(50%)$ for $60\sim120$ seconds to 35 patients of those who failed to respond properly to the dose(70mg/kg)of oral Chloral hydrate. The Result of this regimen was compare to those of two oral regimen of Chloral hydrate/Hydroxyzine and Chloral hydrate only Analyses of result on vital signs and behavior pattern were performed. The outcome of the study suggest that sleep induction by a short inhalation of low dose of $Enflurane/N_2O-O_2$ provide dentist with suitable condition for the completion of scheduled treatment in the patient who failed to oral Chloral hydrate. Evidence of adverse effect was not detected or reported during and/or after the procedures.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA (Nursing Child Assessment Sleep/Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the first 6 months Korean infants' lives and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of early infants. The subjects of this study were 94 normal infants from birth to 6 months of age who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in Pusan from February 1 to April 28, 2000. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage and ANOVA, Post Hoc test by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 8.06 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 6.31 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 14.37 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 5.20 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 25.84%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 77.69%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 42.60%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 2.33 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime activity was 8.25 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 1.39 hours. The mean amount of daily total activity was 9.64 hours. The mean of the longest activity period was 3.80 hours The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.69 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.08 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 7.74 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 54.62%. The mean frequency of wakenings was 5.14 times. The mean frequency of crying was 1.90 times. 3. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime sleep(p<.001), amount of night time sleep(p<.05), amount of total daily sleep (p<.001), longest sleep period(p<.001), regularity of daytime sleep(p<.001), regularity of nighttime sleep(p<.01), regularity of total daily sleep(p<.001), frequency of nighttime wakenings(p<.001). 4. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime activity(p<.001), amount of nighttime activity(p<.01), amount of total daily activity(p<.001), longest activity period(p<.05), frequency of nighttime feeding(p<.01), frequency of wakenings(p<.001). 5. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.30 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.70 hours. In conclusion, the initial irregular sleeping and activity patterns of the early infant became regurized as the infant grew older and estabilished firmer patterns of sleeping and of activity.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5B
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• pp.559-573
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• 2008

In this study, we newly proposed 3-D nonlinear wave driver utilizing the Navier-Stokes Eq. the numerical integration of which is carried out using SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics), an internal wave generation with the source function of Gaussian distribution and an energy absorbing layer. For the verification of new 3-D nonlinear wave driver, we numerically simulate the sloshing problem within a parabolic water basin triggered by a Gaussian hump and uniformly inclined water surface by Thacker (1981). It turns out that the qualitative behavior of sloshing caused by relaxing the external force which makes a free surface convex or uniformly inclined is successfully simulated even though phase error is visible and an inundation height shrinks as numerical simulation more proceeds. For the more severe test, we also simulate the nonlinear shoaling and refraction over uniform beach of wedge shape. It is shown that numerically simulated waves are less refracted than the linear counterpart by Hamiltonian ray theory due to nonlinearity, energy dissipation at the bottom and side walls, energy loss induced by breaking, and the hydraulic jump occurring when breaking waves encounter a down-rush by the preceding wave.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.536-542
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• 1992

Control effects of carbofuran soil incorporation just before transplanting on the early occur-ring rice insect pests were studied in the rice field. Also, its residual effects on the brown planthopper (BPH) were studied by pot experiments. Carbofurn soil incorporation in late May was much more effective in controlling the early occurring rice insect pests such as small brown planthopper, green leafhopper and rice stem borer than carbofuran broadcasting or diazinon (3G) + BPMC (50% EC) treatment in mid June. Residual effects of carbofuran soil incorportaion on the female adult BPH decreased ca. a half one month after treatment. However, its residual effects on the next generation of the BPH lasted much longer; control effects on the next generation were above 90 and 70% on 37 and 46 days after treatment, respectively. From these results, it is thought that carbofuran soil incorporation just before rice transplanting can be a good control method to the early occurring rice insect pests and the brown planthopper immigrating during June. Also, it can suppress immigrating BPH popula¬tion moderately in early July.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.290-300
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• 2009

The existing numerical methods on the vertical membrane breakwater have employed a linear analysis where the variable membrane tension occurring during membrane motions is assumed to be very negligible compared to the initial tension. In the present study, a quasi-nonlinear analysis is attempted such that the temporary tension of the membrane is substituted by the average tension for a wave period that is sought by an iterative calculation. The results showed that with the increase of the wave period the reflection coefficients appeared larger and the transmission coefficients smaller compared to the results of the linear analysis. The application of the quasi-nonlinear analysis also showed that the performance of the structure is closely dependent on the horizontal deformation of the membrane. In order to suppress the horizontal deformation, it may be required to take the larger initial tension of the membrane or to put additional mooring lines in the middle of the vertical faces of the membrane. But for theses methods to be effective, a largely sized surface float should be installed to secure enough buoyancy to support such downward forces.