• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.80-89
• /
• 2008

The influence of in-situ rock stress on the stability of an underground rock structure increases as the construction depth become deeper and the scale of a rock structure become larger. In general, hydraulic fracturing stress measurement has been performed in the surface boreholes of the target area at the design stage of an underground structure. However, for some areas where the high horizontal stresses were observed or where the overstressed conditions caused by topographical and geological factors are expected, it is desirable to conduct additional in-situ stress measurement in the underground construction site to obtain more detailed stress information for ensuring the stability of a rock structure and the propriety of current design. The study area was a construction site for the additional underground oil storage facility located in the south-east part of OO city, Jeollanam-do. Previous detailed site investigation prior to the design of underground structures revealed that the excessive horizontal stress field with the horizontal stress ratio(K) greater than 3.0 was observed in the construction area. In this study, a total of 13 hydraulic fracturing stress measurements was conducted in two boreholes drill from the two water tunnel sites in the study area. The investigation zone was from 180 m to 300 m in depth from the surface and all of the fracture tracing works were carried out by acoustic televiewer scanning. For some testing intervals at more than 200 m ind depth from surface, the high horizontal stress components the horizontal stress ratio(K) greater than 2.50 were observed. And the overall investigation results showed a good agreement with the previously performed test.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2021

This paper derives numerically the buckling Knockdown factors using two different initial imperfection models, such as geometric and loading imperfection models, to investigate the unstiffened composite cylinder with an ellipse pre-buckling deformation pattern. Single Perturbation Load Approach (SPLA) is applied to represent the geometric initial imperfection of a thin-walled composite cylinder; while Single Boundary Perturbation Approach (SBPA) is used to represent the geometric and loading imperfections simultaneously. The buckling Knockdown factor derived using SPLA is higher than NASA's buckling design criteria by approximately 84%, and lower than buckling test result by 9%. The buckling Knockdown factor using SBPA is higher than NASA's buckling design criteria by about 75%, and 14% lower than the buckling test result. Therefore, it is shown that the buckling Knockdown factors derived in this study can provide a lightweight design compared to the previous buckling design criteria while they give reasonably a conservative design compared to the buckling test for both the initial imperfection models.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.236-245
• /
• 2021

It is very important for structure designer to understand the service life variation since a wide range of service life is evaluated with changing exposure conditions and design parameters. Recently, for zero-carbon, waste plastic has been used for fuel for clinker production and this yields increase in chloride content in cement. This study is for evaluation of changing service life in the concrete with increasing initial chloride content due to usage of plastic-SRF(Solid Refuse Fuel) considering various exposure conditions and design parameters. For this, 4 levels of initial chloride content were assumed, and the service life was assessed using LIFE 365 program considering various environmental conditions including 3 levels of surface chloride content. As for analysis parameters, critical/initial chloride content, blast furnace slag powder replacement ratio, W/B(Water to Binder) ratio, cover depth, and unit mass for binder are adopted. Service life decreases with increasing initial chloride content and a significant reduction of service life is not evaluated permitting up to 1,000ppm of initial chloride content. With increasing slag replacement ratio, a longer service life can be secured since blast furnace slag powder has the effect of reducing the diffusion of external chloride ions and fixing the free chloride. It is thought that increasing initial chloride content up to European standard is helpful for enhancing sustainability and reducing carbon emission. Though the reduction in service life due to an increase in the initial chloride content is not significant in slag-concrete with low surface chloride content, careful consideration for mixing design should be paid for the exposure environment with high surface chloride content.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.462-469
• /
• 2002

While the conventional K-means algorithms use a fixed weight to design a vector codebook for all learning iterations, the proposed method employs a variable weight for learning iterations. The weight value of two or more beyond a convergent region is applied to obtain new codevectors at the initial learning iteration. The number of learning iteration applying a variable weight must be decreased for higher weight value at the initial learning iteration to design a better codebook. To enhance the splitting method that is used to generate an initial codebook, we propose a new method, which reduces the error between a representative vector and the member of training vectors. The method is that the representative vector with maximum squared error is rejected, but the vector with minimum error is splitting, and then we can obtain the better initial codevectors.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 1991

Lighting is one of the largest energy consumption in commercial building. For saving such lighting energy, integrated lighting system with daylight and artificial lighting has been suggested. In such system, perimeter zone can be illuminated by daylighting and the deep area of room by artificial lighting. So, the study aimed to develope of lighting energy prediction nomograph by turnning-off depth and lighting control systems during daytime. For the purpose, energy nomo-graph has been developed to apply to side-lit office building and the use and limitation of the nomograph has been discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1999

Chemical processes are highly nonlinear, multivariable systems and have complex structures. However, the controllability evaluation procedures are complicated, and the required information is very often unknown at the early design stage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a procedure to evaluate and enhance controllability while designing processes and plants. To evaluate controllability in the design stage, it is most efficient to analyze process structure. Relative order can be used as a measure of 'physical closeness' between input and output variable. Structural controllability analysis using relative order is shown to be effective in a case study of heat exchanger network synthesis.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.107-119
• /
• 1990

에너지 절약을 목적으로 한 최근 신조선의 경우, 구조는 경량화되어 가는 반면 기진력은 증가되고 있다. 즉 주기관은 소수 대구경 기통을 가진 고효율 디젤 엔진이 채용되고 있어 진동 유발요인은 증가되고 있다. 따라서 설계초기부터 진동제어 목표를 세우고 설계 단계마다 진동을 예측 진단하고, 이의 대책을 세우는 방진 시스템이 요구된다. 본문에서는 이러한 시스템 개발의 일환으로 최근 현대중공업에서 건조한 선박 진동 수준 및 진동 요인 변천을 검토하고 추후 개정

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.445-452
• /
• 2002

토목 및 건축구조물에 대한 합리적이고 정확한 설계, 시공은 물론 구조물 시공후의 안전 점검, 보수ㆍ보강 등을 위한 계측은 구조물의 사용성을 항상 최적의 상태로 유지하고 구조물의 공용수명을 연장시키는데 있어 매우 중요하다. 일반적으로 사용단계의 구조물은 시간이 경과함에 따라 초기의 설계, 시공상 오류에 의한 초기결함, 반복하중 그리고 취약한 환경 등 외부 조건에 노출될 경우에는 구조물 본연의 성능을 점차 상실하게 되어 심지어는 인명과 재산권을 위협하는 대형 붕괴사고를 일으키기도 한다. (중략)

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 1988

This paper presents a sophisticated Sequential Linear Approximation Method(SLAM) to solve nonlinear optimization problem and the performance of this method is compared with those of the Penalty Function Method(SUMT), Tangent Search Method(TSM) and Flexible Tolerance Method(FTM). To improve the convenience and flexibility in using the proposed SLAM, an user oriented design optimization language is developed and the application examples are shown for the optimization of propeller principal dimensions and the optimization of bulk carrier principal particulars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.04a
• /
• pp.24-24
• /
• 1998

미사일의 수직 발사 시스템은 수송 및 발사에 필요한 공간을 작게 차지하고 간편하여 각국이 선호하고 있다. 그러나 미사일이 수직발사 초기에는 매우 낮은 속도로 상승하므로 미사일의 방향조정용 Fin의 공력이 발생하지 않기 때문에 초기에 Jet Vane 등의 기계장치를 이용 추력의 방향을 제어하여 마사일의 방향을 목표로 향하도록 하는 Controller가 필요하게 된다. 본 Controller는 DC Motor와 감속기를 이용하여 Vane을 제어 할 수 있도록 설계되어 있으며 1차적으로는 지상 시험용 Controller를 개발 완료된 상태에 있다. 추후 실제 사용하기 위한 Controller를 만들기 위해서는 Main 유도장치와의 상호 Interface 관계를 고려하여 설계되어야 하며 소량 경량화 및 충분한 신뢰성을 갖춘 Controller를 개발하여야 한다.