• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2008

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of level of isoflavones supplementation on bone metabolism in growing female rats. Forty-five rats divided into three groups; Control, l/2IF, and lIF. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks value were measured to monitor bone formation and resorption at the ninth week after feeding. Hormones related to bone metabolism were determined, included parathyroid hormone (PTH) , calcitonin, estradiol, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The results of this study were as follows: the isoflavones intake level did not affect weight gain, mean food intake and food efficiency ratio. The serum concentration of osteocalcin and the activity ofALP were not significantly different by different levels of isoflavones supplementation. The urinary DPD crosslinks value was not significantly different by different levels ofisoflavones supplementation. There were no significant differences in serum PTH, estradiol and IGFI among all groups. However, calcitonin was shown significantly higher in the groups of lIF and l/2IF than control group. And growth hormone was shown significantly higher in the groups of lIF than control group. (Korean J Nutr 2008; 41(3): 199~205)

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2010

전 세계적으로 폭발적으로 증가하고 있는 비만은 만병의 근원이다. 동시에 대사성질환의 발병을 증가시키는 결정적인 역할을 하고 있다. 이러한 상황을 극복할 수 있는 안전하고 효능이 우수한 약의 개발이 매우 시급하다. 시판되는 약들은 예견할 수 없는 지방변으로 실제생활을 매우 불편하게 하는 부작용과 우울증 및 자살충동 등의 심각한 부작용을 유발시키고 있다. 특히 생명을 위협하는 약은 시판이 금지되었다. 200여종의 한약재들을 In vitro screening (pancreatic lipase inhibition, PDE inhibition, c-AMP activity), ex vivo screening (lipolytic action on fat pad), short term animal screening(혈중 TG 함량 분석)을 토대로 long term animal model에서비만 예방 및 치료 효능을 검증하기 위하여 호장근 부탄올 분획을 선정하였다. 고지방 사료로 비만을 유도한 rat (Diet induced obesty (DIO) rat)에서 비만 치료 효능이, 고지방 사료로 비만을 유도한 ICR-mice에서 비만 예방 효능이 우수함을 입증하였다 (체중감소, 지방세포의 크기억제, 지방간 예방/치료(간무게, TG함량, 간 색상, 고지혈증 증상억제), 혈중 TNF-a, IL-6, leptin, adponectin 등, 간 조직에서의 pAMPK, SOCS, NF-${\kappa}B$ DNA biding activity, ACC level, FAS expression, CPT-1 activity의 정상화). 호장근 부탄올 분획의 이러한 효능은 AMPK 작용과 CPT-1 작용을 활성화하고 동시에 지방산 합성 억제와 지방산 산화를 촉진함으로 인함임을 규명하였다. 동시에 비만으로 인한 pancreatic beta cell의 파괴를 예방함으로 인슐린 내성을 예방(치료)함을 입증하였다. 이는 AMPK 활성화와 SOCS-3 단백질 억제와 NF-${\kappa}B$-DNA 결합 억제로 인함임을 증명하였다. 3T3-L1 지방 세포주에서 lipogenesis 예방(치료) 및 lipolytic effect에 관여하는 인자들의 변화를 확인하였다. 이는 Multi-compounds-multi-targets에 의한 시너지 효과임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2010

White-skinned sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has been traditionally used for diabetes treatment and management in many countries. In this experiment, methanol extract of white-skinned sweet potato (WSPMe) at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight was tested to evaluate its effect on renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Its efficacy was compared with that of insulin secretogogue, glimepiride ($50\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight). Experimental diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. The WSPMe and glimepiride were administered orally for 14 days and the effects on glucose, renal markers including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxide (LPO) level, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activities in kidney were studied. An increase in BUN, creatinine, LDH, glucose, LPO levels and decrease in SOD, CAT, GPx and GST features were observed in diabetic control rats. Administration of WSPMe at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight caused a significant improvement in blood glucose, LPO level, renal markers, lipid peroxidation markers and increased antioxidant levels in diabetic kidney. In conclusion, the WSPMe was found to be effective in reducing oxidative stress, thus confirming the ethnopharmacological use of I. batatas L. in protecting diabetes and its complications.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness(ASFT) and maternal gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) measured by ultrasound at period of pregnancy. We compared maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and weight gain during pregnancy in 286 pregnant women who were diagnosed with early pregnancy ASFT and high GDM screening test(50 g OGTT) of more than 140 mg/dL. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off value of ASFT for GDM prediction. Maternal age and weight gain during pregnancy were not related to GDM in the mid-trimester and pre-pregnancy body mass index and earely pregnancy ASFT were significantly different between normal and GDM high risk groups. The cut-off value of ASFT for GDM prediction was 2.23 cm(AUC 0.913. Sensitivity 76.19%, Specificity 93.72%). ASFT measured by ultrasound in early pregnancy was useful as an important index for predicting mid-trimester GDM prediction. Therefore, ASFT can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic index for early recognition of GDM.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2015

Maximum mouth opening is regarded as an important tool used to evaluate the clinical function of temporomandibular joint and the masticatory system. It has been reported that children can also exhibit severe dysfunction or pain in some cases of temporomandibular disorder. The purpose of this study was to measure the normal maximum mouth opening in Korean children and to analyze the correlations between mouth opening and the associated factors. Maximum mouth opening was measured from 151 healthy children between the ages of 2 and 6 years old. Age, height, weight, and mouth width were also recorded. As a result, the mean maximum mouth-opening was $37.72{\pm}5.10mm$. While the values were greater in boys than in girls without statistical significance, the increases of maximum mouth opening based on age, height, weight, and mouth width were significant (p < 0.05). In children, positive correlation coefficients were observed between maximum mouth opening and the associated factors and height showed the highest correlation. In conclusion, we collected data of the normal range of maximum mouth opening in Korean children, and this study can be utilized as a basis in diagnosing pediatric temporomandibular disorder and safety standard of mouth opening during dental procedures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2005

Purpose : To determine incidence, characteristics and risk factors associated with intrauterine intraventricular hemorrhage(IU-IVH) among premature infants. Methods : The medical records of infants with intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Asan Medical Center from January 1999 to June 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Infants whose IVH with cystic change were detected within five days of life were defined as the IU-IVH group. The control group included those without any IVH. Various maternal and neonatal factors were evaluated between the IU-IVH and control groups, and risk factors for IU-IVH were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results : The incidence of IU-IVH was 49/1024(15.9%). Mothers who are younger, primiparous, use less antenatal steroid, and neonates with greater incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, had higher incidences of IU-IVH compared to neonates with normal neurosonography. Risk factors associated with IU-IVH included neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and placenta infarct by placenta biopsy. Most infants with IU-IVH were ${\geq}1,501g$, ${\geq}34$ weeks gestational age and had low grade IVH. The size of the cysts associated with IU-IVH remained the same or disappeared in 96 %. IU-IVH does not seem to affect short-term neurodevelopmental outcome although a longer period of follow-up is needed. Conculusion : IU-IVH occurred mostly in ${\geq}1,501g$, ${\geq}34$ weeks infants with grade I IVH without developmental delays. However, the high incidence of total IVH merits more attention in terms of awareness of its existence as an unusual IVH among premature infants.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2005

Purpose : Short stature is one of the characteristic features of Turner syndrome. We investigated the factors affecting final adult height(FAH) in patients with Turner syndrome. Methods : The study group was comprised of 60 patients who were diagnosed with Turner syndrome by chromosomal study and clinical phenotypes and attained FAH. Data were obtained from retrospective review of the medical records. We analyzed the factors influencing FAH in growth hormone(GH) treated and GH untreated groups. Results : Sixty patients were enrolled; 48 patients received GH treatment, and 12 patients did not. Mean duration of GH treatment was 35.8 months(range 4 to 120 months), and mean dosage of GH was $0.8{\pm}0.2IU/kg/wk$ in GH treated group. Mean growth velocity was $5.6{\pm}2.0cm/yr$, which was significantly higher than that during pretreatment period. In the GH treated group, mean chronological age, bone age, mean height, and height standard deviation(SD) score at GH treatment were $12.2{\pm}2.7yr$ $10.3{\pm}2.5yr$ $127.5{\pm}10.1cm$ and $-3.1{\pm}1.1$, respectively. In the GH treated group, the mean FAH and SD score of FAH were $146.9{\pm}5.8cm$ and $-2.7{\pm}1.2$, respectively, which showed significant differences compared with those of the GH untreated group. Analyzing the factors affecting FAH in GH-treated patients, only the SD score of height at the time of treatment was significantly related to FAH. Conclusion : GH treatment leads to an increment in FAH in patients with Turner syndrome. Average FAH gain was as much as 5.8 cm. SD score of height at the time of GH treatment was the only factor influencing FAH.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary silicate based complex mineral (SCM) on the performance of broiler chicks. Four hundred fifty one day old Cobb ${\times}$ Cobb broiler chicks were fed with commercial diets at 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% SCM with five replicates for five weeks. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were measured weekly, and blood composition, immunity and meat quality were evaluated at the end of experiment. During overall period weight gain in chicks fed diet containing 0.1% SCM was significantly increased as compared with that of control (p<0.05). Feed intake showed no consistency among the treatments. Feed conversion appeared to increase in the chickens fed with SCM addition diets during prestarter period. Albumin, glucose and other blood parameters related to chicken health tended to improve at the level of 0.05% SCM addition treatments. Drip loss in breast meat was significantly decreased in more than 0.05% SCM addition (p<0.05). The expression of IL-2 (Interleukin-2) in blood increased significantly in the chickens fed with SCM of 0.05% or 0.10% level than other treatments (p<0.05). The optimum SCM concentration for commercial dietary supplementation for improving broiler performance and other health-related parameters was 0.10%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

Although iron is an essential mineral, excess iron intake during pregnancy may increase oxidative stress in tissues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of iron overload during pregnancy on iron status and oxidative stress in maternal rats. Ten week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were mated with male rats. Non-pregnant (control) and pregnant rats were fed diets containing normal Fe (35 mg/kg diet), high Fe (350 mg/kg diet), or excess Fe (1,050 mg/kg diet) during pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed on pregnancy day 19. No significant difference in weight gain, diet intake, or litter size was observed according to iron intake levels. Furthermore, serum iron, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were not different among the rats administered the three levels of Fe both in the control and pregnant groups. However, the iron levels were lower in pregnant rats than those in the control. The liver and spleen iron contents increased significantly in the excess Fe group. An increase in liver ferritin levels with increasing iron intake was observed. Protein carbonyl content, as a marker of oxidative stress, increased significantly in liver with increasing iron intake but not malondialdehyde. Glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver of pregnant rats fed excess iron decreased significantly. Bcl-2 protein expression in the liver declined remarkably with increasing maternal iron intake in pregnant rats. Taken together, iron overload during pregnancy had little effect on hematology. However, the deposits of iron in the liver and the decline in antioxidant enzyme activity implied increased oxidative stress in tissues of the excess Fe group. These results suggest that excess iron intake during pregnancy increases oxidative stress in maternal tissues and may also affect fetal tissues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.331-338
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• 2004

Folate nutrition in early pregnancy is crucial in order to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) in the fetus and maternal folate deficiency in late pregnancy If the influencing factors on maternal folate status are identified we may be able to detect the women at most risk of folate deficiency. This study intends to determine folate intakes, assess the levels of serum folate, erythrocyte folate, and plasma homocysteine, and reveal theinfluencing factors on maternal folate status in early pregnancy. A total of 151 healthy women in their first trimester volunteered for this study. The average length of gestation period was 9.1$\pm$ 2.3 weeks and seventy subjects were primipara. They consumed 1599$\pm$589 ㎉/day of energy and 230.8$\pm$145.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/day of folate. This represented 72.5％ and 46.2％ of the Korean RDA respectively for pregnant women in the first half of Pregnancy. Results show that they consume less folate and energy due to morning sickness. Morning sickness correlated negatively with the intakes of energy, folate, ana Kimchi also. Their levels of serum folate, erythrocyte folate, and plasma homocysteine were 5.5$\pm$1.9 ng/mL, 266.6$\pm$75.0 ng/mL, and 7.0$\pm$1.8 $\mu$mol/L, respectively. Results indicate that 7.8% were deficient and 60.3% were borderline deficient in serum folate, 4.3% were deficient in erythrocyte folate, however, all had normal levels of plasma homocysteine. Results indicate that the folate status was not poor Contributing factors influencing serum folate concentrations ($R^2$= 0.724, p = 0.0001) were self-reported health status (+), folate intake (+), age (-), length of gestation (-), and homocysteine levels (-). Factors influencing erythrocyte folate concentrations ($R^2$ = 0.570, p = 0.0029) were the infant birth height of the last pregnancy (+), energy intake (+), age (-), plasma homocysteine concentration (-), and education level (-). Factors influencing plasma homocysteine concentrations ($R^2$= 0.450, p = 0.0051) were income level (+), prepregnancy weight (+), serum folate concentration (-), and the infant birth weight of the last pregnancy (-). These results indicate that pregnant women are likely to have a folate deficiency if they are in poor health status, having a history of delivering small infant and low energy and/or folate intake, and/or are older. And folate status is likely to decline as pregnancy progresses.