• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 1997

Prader Willi Syndrome(PWS) was first recognized and reported by Prader-Willi. The etiology of the syndrome is not fully understood, but 50-70% of the patients show small deletion in chromosome 15. Manifested symtoms vary according to developmental age. In early life, hypotonia, areflexia, feeding difficulties, hypothermia, microgenitalia, hypoplastic scrotum, cryptochordism were observed. But in several years, hypotonia disappears, and polyphagia, decreased satiety, psychomotor retardation, obesity, hypogonadism and short stature become main problems. Behavioural problems including temper and aggressive outbursts, stealing food, hoarding food, and self excoriating skin picking, trichotillomania are more prominent during adolescence and young adulthood. Also, irritable, depressed mood are described. Lots of psychological and behavioural problems explain the reason why psychiatrists have managed and reported this syndrome. However, there has been no official report of PWS in our country. So authors report the clinical characteristics and issues in management of a patient with PWS.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2016

This study aimed to develop functional underwear for elderly women in their sixties in terms of good fit, wear comfort and body temperature regulation. To satisfy elderly women's physical and metabolical needs, an automatic temperature control system via PCM treatment was applied. Underwear pattern was produced by producing body surface replica, which was derived from 3D body parametric model. Differential ratios of outline length and area between 3D surface and 2D plane were 1.4% and 0.5%, respectively. The reduction rate was determined as 10% through the expert's evaluation. PCM treated fabric showed higher Q-max, meaning that it can facilitate the thermal transition in hot situation. Moreover, it also showed higher insulation to preserve heat and keep warm microclimate in a cold weather. Heat distribution measurements on various body parts revealed that the temperature after PCM treatment was significantly higher. The clothing pressure after 10% pattern reduction showed higher before reduction, at the same time, even lower than the comfort clothing pressure range of $5{\sim}10gf/cm^2$, implying that experimental garment of this research is acceptable in terms of clothing pressure. Evaluation results on the comfort to move in various motions proved that adequate clothing pressure improved the wear comfort in various motions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.339-347
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• 1994

In this study the physiological significance of the upper and lower body on thermoregulation and sensation are examined. Experiments were carried out on 4 females in a climatic chamber conditioned at $25\pm1^{circ}C, 50\pm5%$ R.H.. Before the measurements, subjects were exposed to 3 types of enviromental temperature: 1) $25\pm1^{\circ}C$ for 60 min.(ST), 2) $25^{\circ}C$\rightarrow35^{circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C$ for about 40 min.(HT), 3) $25^{\circ}C$\rightarrow15^{circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C$ for about 40 min.(LT) covering the upper body (U) or lower body (L) with garments. 1) $T_{re}$ was significantly higher in L than in U only in 57 condition. $T_{sk}$ and Temp. under the clothing were higher in U than in L in all three conditions. Thermal sensation was warmer in U than in L, and comport sensation was most comfortable in HT condition. 2) When the upper or lower body was covered or exposed, the mean skin temperature of the upper body was higher than that of the lower body. Following covering and uncovering the same area, the changes in skin temperature were greater in the upper body than in lower body, and covering the upper body produced a greater difference of skin temperature between body and lower body than covering the lower body. 3) In all environmental conditions, when the upper body was uncovered, the skin temperatures of the chest, upper arms and forearms dropped to a considerable degree, and when the lower body was uncovered, skin temperatures of the legs showed the same pattern. On the other hand, skin temperature of the thinghs showed only little change in all cases except forehead and back uncovered or covered in two clothing types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.342-353
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate far-infrared clothing (FIR condition) with non-far-infrared clothing (Control condition) to assess the effects of FIR on thermo-physiological responses. Eight young healthy males (23.0±2.3 yr, 176.5±3.7 cm, and 69.0±4.3 kg) participated in this experimental trial, which consisted of a 20 min rest followed by a 40 min walk (4.0 km·hr^-1) and a 20 min recovery at 20℃ with 50%RH. The results showed that finger skin blood flow and mean skin temperature were significantly higher for the FIR condition than the control during exercise and recovery (p<.001). Clothing microclimate temperature of the FIR condition was 0.5℃ higher on the back (p=.001) and 0.4℃ higher on the thigh (p=.015) during recovery. Clothing microclimate relative humidity of the FIR condition was 13% higher on the chest (p=.006) and 19% higher on the back (p<.001) during exercise than control. Subjects felt warmer and more comfortable in the FIR condition than in the control (p<.05). Perceived skin wettedness (%BSA) was less in the FIR condition than in the control (p=.001). These results indicate that ceramic-embedded clothing had significant effects on thermoregulatory responses for light activity in an indoor environment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2017

In this research, consumer awareness investigation and wearing test were carried out for obtaining useful data on the development of thermo-sensitive functional clothing material. A survey involved 216 people in Seoul and Kyeonggi-do, and 200 questionnaires data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency using SPSS 17.0. Four healthy men in twenties were participated for wearing test. Subjects in normal loungewear were exposed to temperature change from the initial temperature $30^{\circ}C$ down to $5^{\circ}C$ for an hour in a climate chamber. The environmental temperature, surface temperature of garment and skin were measured. As a result, most of respondents have all season clothing products such as underwear, hosiery, and jogging suit for loungewear. Also, thermo regulator y functional clothes are frequently used as underwear and sweat shirt. The consumer awareness investigation on thermo regulatory functional clothing showed that the most important key buying factor is quick climate temperature response, easy maintenance, design and cost, in that order. Surface temperature of garment went down with the cooling down of environmental temperature. The lower environmental temperature, the greater temperature difference by body part showed. Skin temperature change by environmental temperature showed similar tendency of garment surface temperature. In comparison between garment surface and body skin, temperature difference became larger under the lower environmental temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1672-1681
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• 2002

To evaluate the thermal environments and the workload of farmers in the rice field in summer, this study investigated rice farmers' physiological, psychological responses, work postures, work clothes, air temperature and air humidity during the spraying pesticide in the rice field. Five career farmers (3 males, 2 females) volunteered as the subjects. During the spraying pesticide in the rice field, physiological responses were monitored continuously. The results were as follows. l. Farmers wore only raincoats not pesticide-proof clothing. 2. The value of WBGT, rectal temperature($T_{re}$), mean skin temperature(${\={T}}_{sk}$) were $24.9∼28.9^{\circ}C,\;37.8({\pm}0.3)^{\circ}C\;and\;33.6({\pm}0.6)^{\circ}C$, respectively. Clothing microclimate temperature($T_{cl}$) on the chest and back were $32.5({\pm}2.6)^{\circ}C\;and\;33.6({\pm}2.6)^{\circ}C$, respectively(p<0.00l). Humidity inside of the clothing ($H_{cl}$) was over 80%RH and heart rate(HR) was 112(${\pm}27$)bpm. We evaluated that the spraying pesticide was 'heavy work' by the Tre and HR. To four subjective questionnaires, all farmers expressed 'hard, hot, humid and uncomfortable' without individual difference at the end of works. We suggested that 1) the spraying pesticide in the rice field was a heavy work, 2) because the workload of farmers in the raincoat/pesticide-proof clothing can't be evaluated by only WBGT, assessors should measure physiological, psychological responses as well as thermal environments, 3) to alleviate farmers' heat strain, clothing manufacturers must consider not only the improvement of textile materials and clothing weight but also the designing of personal cooling equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.713-722
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of two kinds of functional sun hats through a head-manikin test and a climatic chamber trial for farm workers in summer. Experiment was composed of four conditions. The first condition was the condition without any hat (Control). The second was the condition with a sun hat on the market (Hat A). The third was the condition with a functional sun hat made of reflective fabric (Hat B). The last was the condition with a functional sun hat having a ventilating structure as well as reflective fabric (Hat C). For the subjects in the climatic chamber trials, 12 healthy males volunteered. Air temperature, relative humidity and globe temperature in the chamber was maintained at $33{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C,\;65{\pm}5%RH\;and\;39{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;(WBGT\;33^{\circ}C)$. Subjects did a simulated red pepper-work (50-min work and 10-min rest, twice repetition) for 120 min. As the result of head-manikin test, the surface temperature on middle of back-neck was the lowest in Hat B of four conditions and the surface temperature on top of head was the lowest in Hat C. As the result of climatic chamber trials, there were apparent differences between with (Hat A, Hat B, Hat C) and without a sun hat (Control). In rectal temperature ($T_{re}$), mean skin temperature ($\={T}_{sk}$), heart rate (HR), total sweat rate (TSR), The physiological heat strain was less in the condition with hats than in the condition without a sun hat. As the increasing rate in Tre, Hat B is the most effective hat for alleviation heat strain. As the subjective responses, Hat B was the most effective hat for thermal comfort even though the difference was not significant. Hat C was less effective than Hat B and the reason might be the increase of weight due to inserting the ventilating structure.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1999

This study conducted 4 different kinds of underwear materials, which were A (Cotton 100%), B (Wool 100%), C (Cotton/Wool, 50/50%) and D (Acrylic/Cotton, 50/50%) and were done in a climate chamber under cold ambient $10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $40{\pm}5%RH$ by 6 male subjects who were in good health. Physiological parameters such as rectal and local skin temperature(forehead, forearm, hand, trunk, thigh, leg, foot, back and chest), heart rate, body weight loss, clothing microclimate, blood lactic acid concentration, and wearing sensation were measured. Started with a 15-min rest period, 15-min of exercise 1 (the condition of 4.5 mile/hr walking speed equivalent to with 8.5 Kcal energy consumption on the treadmill) period, 15-min rest period, exercise 2 (after 3minutes warming-up at 3.0. 3.7, 4.5. 5.2. 6.0, 6.7 mile/hr) until exhaustion period, and final 15-min of recovery period were performed. The results were as follows: The lowest mean skin temperature was acrylic/cotton in order of wool > cotton/wool > cotton > acrylic/cotton (F=13. 79. p<0.00l). Most of all skin temperature by parts of body had turned out in sequence of temperature wool > cotton/wool > acrylic/cotton > cotton. Fore arm part showed highest temperature about $32.43^{\circ}C$ on wool and had a tendency approximately $1.8^{\circ}C$ higher than cotton which had the lowest temperature, and had the biggest difference among garments in terms of skin temperature. The back temperature within clothing showed about $2^{\circ}C$ higher than the chest temperature within clothing. but the back humidity within clothing showed about 4~12% higher than the chest humidity within clothing. Body weight loss by each garment was this sequence; cotton > acrylic/cotton > wool > cotton/wool.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.416-421
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• 2019

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder; affected patients are characterized by inability to feel pain and to sweat over the entire body, as well as by mental retardation. Because, in the oral examination, no specific findings on soft or hard tissue may be found except possible lesions due to self-mutilation, early recognition and diagnosis are essential for these patients. Pediatric dentists must be aware of the clinical manifestations and treatment considerations related to uncontrolled body temperature, tactile hyperesthesia and lack of pain reflex. In this case report, dental management of CIPA was suggested by presenting a 6-year follow-up of young patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1175-1185
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• 2004

This study evaluated thermo-physiological and subjective properties of improved disposable coveralls for railroad carriage maintenance through climatic chamber trials and a filed study. Subjects wore five kinds of disposable coveralls (Type A: a disposable coverall on the market, Type B: a coverall with an improved hood and size-adjustable design, Type C: a coverall with a portable hood, Type D: a coverall with small holes for ventilation, Type E: a sleeveless coverall, Type F: a separated type of coverall with half sleeves) The air temperature in the climatic chamber was set in 9$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$ For each condition, subjects simulated the railroad work for 120min. and rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate and subjective sensations were measured. The results of chamber trials showed rectal temperature and clothing microclimate did not display significant differences by clothing type. In 30$^{\circ}C$ air temperature, mean skin temperature was higher in Type E and Type F than in Type A(p＜0.05) but between the improved coveralls(B-F), we could not find any significant difference. In the case of thermal comfort, the most preferred types were Type B and Type C in 9$^{\circ}C$ and Type F in 30$^{\circ}C$. All subjects felt more comfortable in the improved coveralls than in coveralls of the market (Type A). In field study, workers preferred Type B, Type C and Type F to Type A but the most favorite type differed by the specific type of work. Especially, workers were dissatisfied that Type D tore easily due to lots of small holes around the armpits and Type I did not protect workers＇ shoulder and arms from oil contamination. According to the climatic chamber trials and field study, the most effective coveralls were Type B and Type C for winter and Type F for summer.