• Title/Summary/Keyword: 청자

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A study on the small melon-shaped celadon ewer found in the Sinan shipwreck (신안선 출수 청자과형소주자(靑磁瓜形小注子)의 용도에 관한 시론)

  • Lee, Myoungok
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.154-169
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    • 2019
  • This study attempts to shed light on the nature and purpose of the small melon-shaped celadon ewer that was found in the Sinan shipwreck, focusing on the fact that it has the shape of a ewer, yet could not really have served as a tea or liquor utensil given its small size and unusual shape. We analyzed the shape-related characteristics of other melon-shaped celadon ewers as well as this one; checked the use of similar items unearthed in China and Japan; examined the relevant literature, materials, and paintings; and arrived at the following conclusion. First, it was found that the small melon-shaped celadon ewer was one of a type that was first made in the Southern Song Period in China and continued to be made until the Yuan Period. The artifact displays some differences from many similar relics found in the same shipwreck, particularly its spout, lid, and handle. Second, research on the tea ceremonies and types of liquors prevalent during the Song and Yuan Periods of China, as well as the appearance of this ewer, suggest that it was unsuitable for use as a liquor utensil. Third, we looked at the relevant literature records, paintings, and relics unearthed in China and Japan in an attempt to determine its actual purpose. It is well known that the literati had a deep affection for stationery items, particularly water droppers, which were made in a variety of shapes during the Song Period of China and thereafter. According to literature dating from the Song and Ming Periods, it appears that melon- or ewer-shaped water droppers were used. Certain paintings from the Ming Period depict a small ewer, along with a water dropper, as a stationery item. Looking at paintings dating from medieval Japan, small ewer-shaped objects do not figure among the tea and liquor utensils depicted, whereas kettles with handles and hot water bottles do. Objects known as yeonjeok (a water dropper) were included among the items said to have been made in pottery kilns during medieval Japan. However, a book on flower arrangement of Japan dating from the fifteenth century shows a small ewer, with flowers in it, among the stationery items placed on a desk. Based on this detail, it is concluded that the small melon-shaped celadon ewer from the Sinan shipwreck might have been used as a flower bottle as well as a stationery item.

Variation in Antioxidant Components of Black Soybean as Affected by Variety and Cultivation Region (재배지역에 따른 검정콩 항산화 성분의 함량변이)

  • Yi, Eun-Seob;Yi, Yong-Seon;Yoon, Seong-Tak;Lee, Hyuk-Geun
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.80-87
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    • 2009
  • Aiming at development of region specialized crop, this study was conducted to clarify variety and cultivation region dependent on antioxidative compounds in black soybean seeds. For this purpose two black soybean varieties (Ilpumgeomjeongkong and Cheongjakong) were cultivated in 3 different regions (Hwaseong in Gyeonggido, Naju in Jeollanamdo and Jinju in Gyeongsangnamdo) in 2004 and 2005, and harvested seeds were used for isoflavone, anthocyanin and tocopherol contents along with electron donating ability-based antioxidative activities measurements. 100 grain weight between two varieties were not significantly different, but Hwaseong district showed higher 100 grain weight compared to Jinju and Naju. Ilpumgeomjeongkong was higher total isoflavone content ($1,064.9{\mu}g/g$) compared to Cheongjakong ($801.3{\mu}g/g$) in 2004, whereas Cheongjakong showed higher in 2005 compared to Ilpumgeomjeongkong. The highest isoflavone content was obtained in Hwaseong district in 2004, whereas it is the reverse in 2005 that Jinju district showed the highest isoflavone content. In total anthocyanin content, Ilpumgeomjeongkong (7.22 mg/g) was higher than that of Cheongjakong (6.83 mg/g), and Jinju district showed the highest total anthocyanin content (9.16 mg/g) compared to Naju and Hwaseong cultivating districts in their three cultivating districts. Total tocopherol content showed no significant difference between two varieties, but Hwaseong ($217.2{\mu}g/g$) and Jinju ($216.3{\mu}g/g$) districts showed higher content compared to Naju ($189.7{\mu}g/g$) among three cultivating districts. In tocopherol content ratio, $\gamma$-tocopherol was the highest from 56.2% to 59.9%. In electron donating ability (EDA) between two cultivars, Ilpumgeomjeongkong was significantly higher than Cheongjakong, and Naju was the highest of 55.6% among three cultivating districts.

Interpretation of Similarity on Raw Materials and Firing Temperature for Underwater Ceramic Artifacts from Offshore in Taean Mado, Korea (태안 마도해역 출수 도자기의 소성온도 및 원재료의 유사성 해석)

  • Lee, Gyu Hye;Lee, Chan Hee
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.307-320
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    • 2020
  • This study focuses on the raw material characteristics, including firing temperature and the similarity of clay body, and making techniques on the underwater ceramics from offshore of Taean Mado, the Republic of Korea. The ceramic specimens include various types of celadons, Buncheongwares and white porcelains with very similar physical characteristics. All the clay bodies composed of same mineral phases within mullite and quartz, while cristobalite were also found in some white porcelains. Also, the geochemical composition of the clay body shows regular behavior properties for all the elements consisting of the celadons and Buncheongwares. In contrast, the irregular properties of trace and incompatible elements were found in white porcelains. Therefore, it is presumed that the white porcelains were made using the clay body with different source from the celadons and Buncheongwares. Notably, some white porcelains in low Th content are assumed to be made with clay formed in a different environments. Meanwhile, most of the ceramics had gone through the firing of 1,200 to 1,300℃, with some celadons fired from 1,150℃ to 1,200℃. Also, it can be interpreted as some white porcelains were fired on even up to 1,500℃.

Dismantling and Restoration of the Celadon Stool Treasure with an Openwork Ring Design (보물 청자 투각고리문 의자의 해체 및 복원)

  • KWON, Ohyoung;LEE, Sunmyung;LEE, Jangjon;PARK, Younghwan
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.55 no.2
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    • pp.200-211
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    • 2022
  • The celadon stools with an openwork ring design which consist of four items as one collection were excavated from Gaeseong, Gyeonggi-do Province. The celadon stools were designated and managed as treasures due to their high arthistorical value in the form of demonstrating the excellence of celadon manufacturing techniques and the fanciful lifestyles during the Goryeo Dynasty. However, one of the items, which appeared to have been repaired and restored in the past, suffered a decline in aesthetic value due to the aging of the treatment materials and the lack of skill on the part of the conservator, raising the need for re-treatment as a result of structural instability. An examination of the conservation condition prior to conservation treatment found structural vulnerabilities because physical damage had been artificially inflicted throughout the area that was rendered defective at the time of manufacturing. The bonded surfaces for the cracked areas and detached fragments did not fit, and these areas and fragments had deteriorated because the adhesive trickled down onto the celadon surface or secondary contaminants, such as dust, were on the adhesive surface. The study identified the position, scope, and conditions of the bonded areas at the cracks UV rays and microscopy in order to investigate the condition of repair and restoration. By conducting Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and portable x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on the materials used for the former conservation treatment, the study confirmed the use of cellulose resins and epoxy resins as adhesives. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the addition of gypsum(CaSO4·2H2O) and bone meal(Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2) to the adhesive to increase the bonding strength of some of the bonded areas that sustained force. Based on the results of the investigation, the conservation treatment for the artifact would focus on completely dismantling the existing bonded areas and then consolidating vulnerable areas through bonding and restoration. After removing and dismantling the prior adhesive used, the celadon stool was separated into 6 large fragments including the top and bottom, the curved legs, and some of the ring design. After dismantling, the remaining adhesive and contaminants were chemically and physically removed, and a steam cleaner was used to clean the fractured surfaces to increase the bonding efficacy of the re-bonding. The bonding of the artifact involved applying the adhesive differently depending on the bonding area and size. The cyanoacrylate resin Loctite 401 was used on the bonding area that held the positions of the fragments, while the acrylic resin Paraloid B-72 20%(in xylene) was treated on cross sections for reversibility in the areas that provided structural stability before bonding the fragments using the epoxy resin Epo-tek 301-2. For areas that would sustain force, as in the top and bottom, kaolin was added to Epo-tek 301-2 in order to reinforce the bonding strength. For the missing parts of the ring design where a continuous pattern could be assumed, a frame was made using SN-sheets, and the ring design was then modeled and restored by connecting the damaged cross section with Wood epos. Other restoration areas that occurred during bonding were treated by being filled with Wood epos for aesthetic and structural stabilization. Restored and filled areas were color-matched to avoid the feeling of disharmony from differences of texture in case of exhibitions in the future. The investigation and treatment process involving a variety of scientific technology was systematically documented so as to be utilized as basic data for the conservation and maintenance.

신첨성대 - 세종때의 '과학번영' 재현하자

  • Chae, Yeon-Seok
    • The Science & Technology
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    • v.29 no.5 s.324
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    • pp.82-83
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    • 1996
  • 금속활자, 고려청자, 로켓을 비롯한 화약무기 그리고 각종 천문기기 등 세종시대의 우리나라 과학기술은 세계 최고의 수준이었다. 우리나라가 그동안 경제발전을 이룩해 선진국의 문턱에 올라선 것도 바로 우리 민족의 과학에 대한 우수한 창조력이 뒷받침되었기 때문이다. 연구소에 몸담고 있는 과학인들의 사기를 높여 세종시대의 과학번영을 재현토록 하는 획기적인 정책이 아쉽다.

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저자 인터뷰-"한국의 도자기" 펴낸 정양모씨

  • Jeong, So-Yeon
    • The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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    • s.83
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    • pp.14-14
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    • 1991
  • 신라말부터 조선조에 이르는 도자기 변천사를 개관한 총론과 고려청자, 조선분청사기, 조선백자에 대한 각론으로 구성된 이 책은 전체적으로 한편의 논문형식을 띠고 있지만 그 세목세목은 30여년 발표해온 그의 논문을 토대로 하고 있는데 철저하게 '실물'에 기초한 과학적 규명을 원칙으로 하고 있다.

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Working memory and sensitivity to prosody in spoken language processing (언어 처리에서 운율 제약 활용과 작업 기억의 관계)

  • Lee, Eun-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.249-267
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    • 2012
  • Individual differences in working memory predict qualitative differences in language processing. High span comprehenders are better able to integrate probabilistic information such as plausibility and animacy, the use of which requires the computation of real world knowledge in syntactic parsing (e.g.,[1]). However, it is unclear whether similar individual differences exist in the use of informative prosodic cues. This study examines whether working memory modulates the use of prosodic boundary information in attachment ambiguity resolution. Prosodic boundaries were manipulated in globally ambiguous relative clause sentences. The results show that high span listeners are more likely to be sensitive to the distinction between different types of prosodic boundaries than low span listeners. The findings suggest that like high-level constraints, the use of low-level prosodic information is resource demanding.

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Conservation of Ceramic-Ware to be Exhibited at Yongsan New National Museum at Its Opening - Restoration of Blue-and-white porcelain jar with phoenix design and Celadon peahen-shaped water dropper - (용산 국립중앙박물관 개관 전시 대상 도자기의 보존 - 청화백자운봉문대호(靑畵白磁雲鳳文大壺)·청자공작수주(靑磁孔雀水注) -)

  • Hwang, Hyunsung;Lee, Haesoon
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.5
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    • pp.5-15
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    • 2004
  • The Fine Art Department has sent a list of ceramic ware to the Conservation Science Laboratory of the National Museum of Korea for conservation treatment. The listed ceramic ware will be newly displayed in the ceramic ware gallery of Yongsan Museum after it is opened. Based on the list, Conservation Science Laboratory has been taking special measures to conservation the ceramic ware since 2002. This paper attempts to introduce the process of restoring the Blue-and-white porcelain Jar with phoenix Design (Jubsoo 631) and Celadon peahen-shaped water dropper (Duksoo 5202).