• Title/Summary/Keyword: 첨성대

Search Result 29, Processing Time 0.023 seconds

GPR Analysis on Underground Features and Foundation Structure of Cheomseongdae, Gyeongju (GPR 탐사를 통해 본 경주 첨성대 기초 및 주변의 유구 분석)

  • Oh, Hyundok;Kwon, Moonhee;Jang, Hangilro
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
    • /
    • v.52 no.4
    • /
    • pp.264-271
    • /
    • 2019
  • Cheomseongdae in Gyeongju, known as an astronomical observatory, is a cultural monument with great historical, academic, and artistic value, as its unique shape is preserved well in its original form. The outer structure, ground stability, and seismic reliability of Cheomseongdae have been assessed by numerous researchers through various scientific methods, but research on the underground structure has been insufficient. This paper contains detailed models of the underground structure of Cheomseongdae interpreted in 2D and 3D images based on the data acquired through GPR surveys conducted of features in and around the base of Cheomseongdae. As a result, the existence of twelve small features arranged in a circle, although only about half of them remain, was confirmed at a depth of 0.4 - 0.6m. Furthermore, a structure three bays long (north-south direction) and four bays wide (east-west direction) was detected beneath Cheomseongdae at the depth of 0.7 - 1.0m. Other than 2 layers of foundations as is known, a square structure with the dimensions of 7m × 7m is situated at a depth of 0.6m, directly under Cheomseongdae, and what is reading that is expected to be the foundation structure of Cheomseongdae was detected and confirmed. This foundation structure is circular with a diameter in the east-west direction of 11m and in the north-south direction of 12m. The northern, western, and eastern edges of this foundation structure are about 1m away from the foundation of Cheomseongdae, whereas the the south side extends to about 5m wide.

STUDIES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STONE STRUCTURES BY GEOTECHNICAL AND DYNAMIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERINGS (석조구조물의 효율적 유지관리를 위한 지질공학적 및 구조동역학적 특성연구)

  • HoWoongShon;SungMinLee
    • Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
    • /
    • v.6 no.4
    • /
    • pp.277-294
    • /
    • 2003
  • Structures show the phenomena of deformation and lowering of function with time-lapse by artificial environments and changes of geotechnical conditions or accumulation of initial deformation elements. This study aims the structural assessment of cultural property, Chum-Sung-Dae, located in Kyeongjucity, Korea. It was built about 1,300 years ago, and has undergone deformation and ground-subsidence with time-lapse. Non-destructive evaluation techniques were applied to the Chum-Sung-Dae, to protect it from survey. Because of this reason, 3D precise laser scanning surveying system was applied to measure the exact size of Chum-Sung-Dae, displacement and declining angles. Geophysical exploration also was applied to study the subsurface distribution of geotechnical parameters or physical properties. Natural frequencies were measured from real and model of Chum-Sung-Dae to study the dynamic characteristics of vibration and/or earthquake load and stiffness of structures.

  • PDF

Construction Methodology for Chum-Sung-Dae Validation through the Present Configuration (첨성대 건립에 대한 시공방법론 첨성대의 얼개를 통한 논증)

  • Kim, Jang Hoon;Park, Sang Hun
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
    • /
    • v.42 no.2
    • /
    • pp.40-61
    • /
    • 2009
  • A new construction methodology has been proposed on a scientific basis to reason a rational explanation for the structure and the present configuration of Chum-Sung-Dae. This is because there is no way to otherwise explain the gap between our expectation that the people in Shilla are assumed to be and the problems, such as the use of a temporary supporting structure including falsework, the use of a conveying device for stonework and the practice of soil fill, raised when the construction method in nowadays is applied to the structure. Furthermore, it is because the questions, such as the difference of an azimuth angle between the southward opening and the square podium, the skewed circular plan in layers of the body, misalignment between neighboring layers of the body, disagreement between the inclination due to slight sidesway and the eccentricity in each layer of the circular body, perfectly aligned vertical and horizontal joints and the existence of soil fill, raised from the present configuration of Chum-Sung-Dae, also require a reasonable explanation based on scientific evidences, if any. Therefore, the proposed new construction methodology, in which the soil hill outside as well as the soil fill inside the Chum-Sung-Dae may have been utilized as a temporary scaffolding system for construction, is the highly probable one that the builders of Chum-Sung-Dae might have inevitably employed. The existence of great tombs, scattered in Hwang-Nam-Dong close to Chum-Sung-Dae, implies that the people of Shilla might have accepted the proposed new construction methodology as a natural one.

Studies on the characteristics of stone structures by shape reversal, geotechnical and dynamic structural engineerings (석조구조물의 효율적 유지관리를 위한 형상역공학적, 지반공학적 및 구조동역학적 특성연구 - 첨성대를 중심으로 -)

  • Shon, Bo-Woong;Kim, Seong-Beom
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2004.08a
    • /
    • pp.25-48
    • /
    • 2004
  • Structures show the phehomena of deformation and lowering of function with time-lapse by artificial environments and changes of geotechnical conditions or accumulation of initial deformation elements. This study aims the structural assessment of cultural property, Chum-Sung-Dae, located in Kyeongju city, Korea. It was built about 1,300 years ago, and has undergone deformation and ground-subsidence with time-lapse. Non-destructive evaluation techniques were applied to the Chum-Sung-Dae, to protect it from survey Because of this reason, 3D precise laser scanning surveying system was applied to measure the exact size of Chum-Sung-Dae, displacement and declining angles. Geophysical exploration also was applied to study the subsurface distribution of geotechnical parameters or physical properties. Natural frequencies were measured from real and model of Chum-Sung-Dae to study the dynamic characteristics of vibration and/or earthquake load and stiffness of structures.

  • PDF

사용자탐방-(주)첨성대 이완호 사장

  • Lee, Jong-Guk
    • Journal of Scientific & Technological Knowledge Infrastructure
    • /
    • s.2
    • /
    • pp.98-99
    • /
    • 2000
  • 슈퍼컴퓨터의 벤치마크 시험용으로 자주 이용되던 기상예측, 이제 공공기관이 아닌 민간업체가 나서고 있다. 슈퍼컴퓨터를 비롯한 정보기술의 발달과 더불어 고부가가치 자원으로 부각되고 있는 기상정보를 가공하여 실시간 웹 서비스를 제공하는 (주)첨성대 이완호 사장을 만나보았다.

  • PDF

Semantic Interpretation of the Name "Cheomseongdae" (첨성대 이름의 의미 해석)

  • Chang, Hwalsik
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
    • /
    • v.53 no.4
    • /
    • pp.2-31
    • /
    • 2020
  • CheomSeongDae (瞻星臺) is a stone structure built in Gyeongju, the former Silla Dynasty capital, during the reign of Queen Seondeok (632~647AD). There exist dozens of hypotheses regarding its original purpose. Depending on to whom you ask, the answer could be a celestial observatory, a religious altar, a Buddhist stupa, a monumental tower symbolizing scientific knowledge, and so on. The most common perception of the structure among lay people is a stargazing tower. Historians, however, have suggested that it was intended as "a gateway to the heavens", specifically the Trāyastriṃśa or the second of the six heavens of Kāmadhātu located on the top of Mountain Sumeru. The name "Cheom-seong-dae" could be interpreted in many different ways. 'Cheom (瞻)' could refer to looking up, staring, or admiring, etc.; 'Seong (星)' could mean a star, heaven, night, etc.; and 'heaven' in that context can be a physical or religious reference. 'Dae (臺)' usually refers to a high platform on which people stand or things are placed. Researchers from the science fields often read 'cheom-seong' as 'looking at stars'; while historians read it as 'admiring the Trāyastriṃśa' or 'adoring Śakra'. Śakra is said to be the ruler of Trāyastriṃśa' who governs the Four Heavenly Kings in the Cāturmahārājika heaven, the first of the six heavens of Kāmadhātu. Śakra is the highest authority of the heavenly kings in direct contact with humankind. This paper examined the usages of 'cheom-seong' in Chinese literature dated prior to the publication of 『Samguk Yusa』, a late 13th century Korean Buddhist historical book that contains the oldest record of the structure among all extant historical texts. I found the oldest usage of cheom-seong (瞻星臺) in 『Ekottara Āgama』, a Buddhist script translated into Chinese in the late 4th century, and was surprised to learn that its meaning was 'looking up at the brightness left by Śakra'. I also found that 'cheom-seong' had been incorporated in various religious contexts, such as Hinduism, Confucianism, Buddhist, Christianism, and Taoism. In Buddhism, there was good, bad, and neutral cheom-seong. Good cheom-seong meant to look up to heaven in the practice of asceticism, reading the heavenly god's intentions, and achieving the mindfulness of Buddhism. Bad cheom-seong included all astrological fortunetelling activities performed outside the boundaries of Buddhism. Neutral cheom-seong is secular. It may help people to understand the nature of the physical world, but was considered to have little meaning unless relating to the spiritual world of Buddhism. Cheom-seong had been performed repetitively in the processes of constructing Buddhist temples in China. According to Buddhist scripts, Queen Māyā of Sakya, the birth mother of Gautama Buddha, died seven days after the birth of Buddha, and was reborn in the Trāyastriṃśa heaven. Buddha, before reaching nirvana, ascended from Jetavana to Trāyastriṃśa and spent three months together with his mother. Gautama Buddha then returned to the human world, stepping upon the stairs built by Viśvakarman, the deity of the creative power in Trāyastriṃśa. In later years, King Asoka built a stupa at the site where Buddha descended. Since then, people have believed that the stairway to the heavens appears at a Buddhist stupa. Carefully examining the paragraphic structure of 『Samguk Yusa』's records on Cheomseongdae, plus other historical records, the fact that the alignment between the tomb of Queen Seondeok and Cheomseongdae perfectly matches the sunrise direction at the winter solstice supports this paper's position that Chemseongdae, built in the early years of Queen SeonDeok's reign (632~647AD), was a gateway to the Trāyastriṃśa heaven, just like the stupa at the Daci Temple (慈恩寺) in China built in 654. The meaning of 'Cheom-seong-dae' thus turns out to be 'adoring Trāyastriṃśa stupa', not 'stargazing platform'.

The Study on the Construction Criteria and Dujabee Technique of the Construction of the Cheomseongdae (첨성대축조 규준방식과 드잡이기술에 대한 기술사적 접근 연구)

  • Kim, Derk Moon
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
    • /
    • v.45 no.4
    • /
    • pp.92-103
    • /
    • 2012
  • The Cheomsungdae was built in the Silla dynasty during the reign of queen Seondeok. It has a round cylindrical structure with a flowing curved fa ade. The identity of the Cheomsungdae has not been revealed since there is not much historical evidence or documents about the building. This study is trying to investigate the building technique and method from the technical point of view of the past when it was constructed. There have been much work and studies done for the Cheomsungdae, but not much were focusing on the technical aspects of the building. In addition there are many questions and doubts about the hypothesis of the building technique of Cheomsungdae since there aren't any remaining documents or historical evidence supporting it. Among many questions, we think that the discussion on falsework technique is not considering traditional construction method of the Dujabee (a traditional construction technique using various tools and equipment for the stability of the building) technique. Therefore, it is hard to identify them as reliable historical facts. As the result of the study, we want to provide the basic data on the construction techniques of Korean traditional architecture and broaden the study scope of technical history by narrowing the errors. The study could be summarized into three points. 1. The historical architecture Cheomseongdae was constructed by using traditional crane techniques such as a Noklo (pulley ladder). Cheomseongdae was re-evaluated as a high level technology for the history of architecture. 2. The benchmark method on Cheomseongdae construction has been applied with a precise scientific method based on the geometrical principals using the central axis. 3. In terms of the history of Korean traditional architecture technology, as there aren't many studies done we proposed various basic data for the traditional crane techniques and criteria of Korean traditional architecture technology. We could expect various and active studies for the technical approach of the history of architecture.

Destruction and Improper Restoration of Cheomseongdae (경주첨성대의 파손과 잘못된 복구)

  • Chang, Hwal Sik
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
    • /
    • v.45 no.2
    • /
    • pp.72-99
    • /
    • 2012
  • Cheomseongdae, Korea's so-called "star-gazing tower" located in the former Silla Dynasty capital of Gyeongju, is generally believed to have maintained its original shape since its construction in 647. The stone structure was closely examined and measured by Gyeongju National Museum in 1962 and reexamined by Korean National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage in 2009. This research noted the following structural anomalies of Cheomseongdae. A corner of the top rectangle layer was broken diagonally in a form that can never be attributed to a natural cause. The four metal clamps under the top rectangle layer had been missing. Four grooves, with unknown usage, exist on the sides of the long rectangular stones projected out of the circular body at the second and third circular layers from the top. On the second circular layer from the top, there are three flat stones, less than a half as tall as their surrounding stones. The average height of the third circular layer from the top is only 23.5 cm, while the overall average of the entire 27 circular layers is 29.9cm. This research postulates that all these anomalies are due to prior destructions and improper restorations of the structure. The first destruction and restoration of Cheomsengdae was likely to have occurred before the mid 15th century. The damages might include a pavilion on the top of the structure and a stone with the name of the structure carved in. The Mongolian invasion in the 13th century was a most likely cause. After the restoration, the structure suffered at least another attack. The damages on the top layer and the missing iron clamps were due to the later attack. The grooves and flat stones were to house holding device that affixed certain objects to the outer surface of the circular body. The metal or stone objects might have faced upward at the four corners of Chemseongdae, bridging the gaps between the rectangle layers and circular layers. The current Chemseongdae lost at least the four affixed objects, four holding devices, and one flat stone.

신라의 천문관측 기록과 첨성대의 역할

  • Kim, Bong-Gyu
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
    • /
    • v.36 no.1
    • /
    • pp.24.1-24.1
    • /
    • 2011
  • 삼국사기, 증보문헌비고 등에 기록된 신라의 천문관측기록 142건을 분석하였다. 두드러진 특징으로는, 첨성대가 만들어지기 전에는 100년당 평균 7건의 기록을 남긴 반면 첨성대가 만들어진 후부터 신라가 멸망할 때까지는 100년당 평균 33건의 천문관측기록을 남겼다는 것이다. 또한 첨성대가 만들어지기 전의 기록들은 주로 일식과 혜성 등 체계적인 관측을 하지 않아도 알 수 있는 현상들이 대부분인데 반해 첨성대가 만들어진 이후부터 유성이나 행성 현상 등 전문적인 천문학자들에 의한 체계적인 관측이 필요한 현상의 기록이 더 많다는 특징도 있다. 특히 유성 기록의 경우 첨성대가 만들어진 이후부터는 나타나고 사라진 천구상의 위치를 구체적으로 기록하고 있다는 특징도 보인다. 이는 특정한 곳에서 매일 밤 체계적으로 천문관측이 이루어졌음을 의미한다. 게다가 647년, 673년, 710년, 768년에 관측된 유성은 떨어진 위치를 정확히 기록하고 있는데, 각각 월성, 황룡사와 월성 사이, 삼랑사 북쪽, 황룡사 남쪽이다. 이 위치들이 대략 타원 상에 있는 것으로 봐서 그 타원 영역 안에서 관측이 이루어졌을 것으로 추정된다. 그리고 그 타원 영역 안에 첨성대가 있다는 것은 첨성대에서 관측이 이루어졌을 가능성이 매우 높음을 시사한다. 특히 673년의 기록은 다른 유성 기록에 비해 떨어진 위치가 더 구체적인데, 이는 유성이 떨어진 위치와 비교적 가까운 곳에서 관측이 이루어졌을 것이라 짐작할 수 있다. 실제 첨성대의 위치가 그곳에 가깝다는 점에서 첨성대에서 이들 유성을 관측했을 거라는 강한 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

  • PDF