• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1107-1121
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• 2008

The simple equation of GIUH are frequently used in many researches instead of the derived equation of GIUH. However it is still unknown whether the simple equation of GIUH is adaptable for estimating IUHs for basins with various geomorphologic conditions. To verify the applicability of the simple equation of GIUH, in this research, four basins which were Bangrim, Sanganmi, Museong, and Byeongcheon were selected and each basin was assumed as the third and fourth stream order basin according to variable resolutions. After than, IUHs were estimated using the derived and simple equations of GIUH. Eight to sixteen hydrographs were estimated from the each IUH, compared with observed graphs. In case of that the basin is assumed as a third order stream, the derived equation underestimated the peak flows while the simple equation overestimated them. When the basin is assumed as a fourth order stream, the simple equation generally overestimated the peak flows whereas the derived equation produced peak flows good agreement with the observed peak flow. Moreover, the simple equation showed various deviations in accuracy whereas the derived equation produced stable results. Based on the fact found from this research, it can be concluded that the derived equation of GIUH brings better results than the simple equation of GIUH to estimate IUHs for ungauged basins.

• Water for future
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 1993

This study is to determine the critical duration of design rainfall and to utilize it for the design of detention pond with pump station. To examine the effect of the duration and temporal distribution of the design rainfall, Huff's quartile method is used for the 9 cases of durations ranging from 20 to 240 minutes with 10 years return period, and the ILLUDAS model is used for runoff analysis. The storage ration which is the ratio of maximum storage amounts to total runoff volume, is introduced to determine the critical duration of design rainfall. The duration which maximizes the storage ratio is adopted as the critical duration. This study is applied to 18 urban drainage watersheds with pump station in Seoul, of which the range of watershed area is $0.24-12.70\textrm{km}^2.$ The result of simulation shows that the duration which maximizes storage ration is 30 and 60 minutes on the whole. It is shown also that the storage ration of 2nd- and 3rd-quartile pattern is larger than that of 1st- and 4th-quartile pattern of temporal distribution. A simplified empirical formula for Seoul area is suggested by using the regression analysis between the maximum storage ration and the peak ratio, and can be utilized for the preliminary design and planning of detention pond with pump station.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to assess the hydrological impact on a watershed from long-term land cover changes. Gyeongan-cheon watershed($558.2km^2$) was selected and WMS(watershed modeling system) HEC-1 model was adopted as an evaluation tool. To identify land cover changes, five Landsat images(1980/2/15, 1986/4/15, 1990/4/26, 1996/4/26, 2000/5/17) were selected and analyzed using maximum likelihood method. As a result, urban areas have increased by 5.6% and forest areas have decreased by 6.1% between 1980 and 2000. SCS curve number increased by 9.8. To determine model parameters and evaluate HEC-1 model, five storm events(1998/5/2, 1998/8/23, 1998/9/30, 1999/5/3, 2000/7/29) were used. The simulated stream flow agreed well with the observed one with relative errors ranging from 9% to 36%. For 254 mm daily rainfall of 30 years frequency, due to the increase of urban areas peak flow increased by $455m^3/sec$ and the time of peak flow reduced about four hours for 20 years land cover changes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2007

When an accident occurs at nuclear power plant and radionuclide material is released to the area around the plant, public evacuation is considered as a measure to protect the safety of the residents nearby. This study draws factors required to estimate evacuation time and make estimation of the time to evacuate all residents from the EPZ of Wolsong site in consideration of traffic condition in the neighborhood and on the basis of field data around the site for each factor. The traffic capacity and the traffic volume by season were investigated for the traffic analysis and simulation within EPZ of Wolsong site. As a result, the background traffic volume by season were established. To estimate TGT(Trip Generation Time), the questionnaire surveys were carried out for resident and transient. The TSIS code was applied to traffic analysis in the events of daytime/night and normal/adverse weather under normal day/summer peak traffic condition. The results showed that the evacuation time required for total vehicles to move out from EPZ took generally from 118 to 150 minutes. The evacuation time took longer maximum 17 minutes at night than daytime during summer peak traffic.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.377-382
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• 2010

국내에는 약 14,000개의 중 소규모의 저수지들이 있다. 최근에 이상기후로 인한 많은 강우가 발생하여 저수지들의 월류나 파이핑으로 인한 붕괴가 지속적으로 일어나고 있어 많은 인명 및 재산피해가 발생하고 있다. 특히 설계홍수량을 초과하는 월류로 인한 댐 붕괴 발생 시 피해규모가 크기 때문에 전국적으로 본포되어 있는 저수지들의 설계홍수량을 시급히 파악하여 저수지의 수문학적 안전성을 판단하고 설계홍수량이 작은 저수지의 경우 별도로 관리 할 수 있어야 한다. 하지만 기존에 저수지의 안전여부를 판단 할 수 있는 댐 붕괴 모의의 경우 많은 시간과 노력이 요구 되어 저수지의 안전여부를 보다 쉽고 빠르게 판단 할 수 있는 기준 마련이 시급히 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 보다 쉽고 빠르게 소규모저수지의 수문학적 안전성 평가를 할 수 있는 간편법에 대하여 연구 하였다. 연구 방법은 HEC-HMS을 이용한 댐 붕괴와 본 연구에서 제시한 간편법을 통하여 홍수량의 비교 검토 및 저수지의 수문학적 안전성을 평가를 하였다. HEC-HMS의 첨두홍수량은 빈도별 지속시간별 확률강우량을 이용하여 산정하였으며, 가능최대홍수량(PMF)은 실제호우전이법으로 산정한 가능최대강수량(PMP)을 이용하였다. 간편법의 첨두홍수량은 합리식과 통합형 강우강도식을 이용하여 산정하였고, 가능최대홍수량(PMF)은 Creager공식을 이용하여 산1)정하였다. 댐 붕괴의 경우 HEC-HMS에서는 댐 붕괴 모듈을 실행하여 모의를 하였고, 간편법의 댐 붕괴는 여수로의 한계 유출을 파악할 수 있는 위어공식을 이용하여 댐 붕괴 모의를 하였다. 마지막으로 산정된 첨두홍수량과 가능최대홍수량(PMF)을 작성된 수문학적 안전성 평가표에 기입하여 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과 HEC-HMS로 산정한 빈도별 첨두홍수량 가능최대홍수량(PMF)과 간편법으로 구한 빈도별 첨두 홍수량 가능최대홍수량(PMF)의 차이는 약 편차가 50%정도로 간편법으로 구한 첨두홍수량 가능최대홍수량(PMF)이 더 크게 산정되었다. 편차의 발생 이유는 본 연구에서 제시한 간편법의 경우 안전율을 고려한 경험공식을 사용하였기 때문이라고 판단되며, 간편법을 통한 소규모저수지의 수문학적 안전성 평가를 다른 대상지역의 소규모저수지에도 적용하여 보고 수문학적 평가방법이 올바르게 적용 될 수 있는지 확인이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2014

This research was carried out for suggesting design criteria and procedure for maximizing flood control capacity by building flood control facilities like flood retention basin built in connection with existing facilities in order to cope with increased uncertainty due to factors such as urbanization and climate change. We suggested the procedure for the analysis under the various scenarios applicable for the cases of determining retention basin capacity as provision for the flood water level increase in main river channel or estimating flood water level reduction effect when retention basin capacity is given. Procedure for estimating design flood hydrograph at any duration using Intensity-Duration-Quantity (IDQ) originated from the existing IDF, and its application example were provided. Based on rainfall estimated by the IDQ analysis, it is possible to calculate an equivalent peak hydrographs under various scenarios, e.g. lower frequency hydrograph under same rainfall duration with water level higher than existing hydrograph, hydrograph with same peak and higher volume due to increased rainfall duration, hydrograph with higher peak and volume than existing hydrograph, etc.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.969-982
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• 2008

As hydrological models have been progressively developed, they are recognized as appropriate tools to manage water resources. Especially, the need to evaluate the effects of landuse and climate change on hydrological phenomena has been increased, which requires powerful validation methods for the hydrological models to be employed. As measured streamflow data at many locations may not be available, or include significant errors in application of hydrological models, streamflow data simulated by models only might be used to conduct hydrological analysis. In many cases, reducing errors in model simulations requires a powerful model validation method. In this research, we demonstrated a validation methodology of SWAT model using observed flow in two basins with different physical characteristics. First, we selected two basins, Gap-cheon basin and Yongdam basin located in the Guem River Basin, showing different hydrological characteristics. Next, the methodology developed to estimate parameter values for the Gap-cheon basin was applied for estimating those for the Yongdam basin without calibration a priori, and sought for validation of the SWAT. Application result with SWAT for Yongdam basin showed $R_{eff}$ ranging from 0.49 to 0.85, and $R^{2}$ from 0.49 to 0.84. As well, comparison of predicted flow and measured flow in each subbasin showed reasonable agreement. Furthermore, the model reproduced the whole trends of measured total flow and low flow, though peak flows were rather underestimated. The results of this study suggest that SWAT can be applied for predicting effects of future climate and landuse changes on flow variability in river basins. However, additional studies are recommended to further verify the validity of the mixed method in other river basins.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2013

Recently, Due to Climate change, extreme rainfall occurs frequently. In many preceding studies, Because of extreme hydrological events changes, it is expected that peak flood Magnitude and frequency of drainage infrastructures changes. However, at present, probability rainfall in the drainage facilities design is assumed to Stationary which are not effected from climate change and long-term fluctuation. In the future, flood control safety standard should be reconsidered about the valid viewpoint. In this paper, in order to assess impact of climate change on drainage system, Future climate change information has been extracted from RCP 8.5 Climate Change Scenario for IPCC AR5, then estimated the design rainfall for various durations at return periods. Finally, the design flood estimated through the HEC-HMS Model which is being widely used in the practices, estimated the effect of climate change on the Design Flood of Mihochen basin. The results suggested that the Design Flood increase by climate change. Due to this, the Flood risk of Mihochen basin can be identified to increase comparing the present status.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.398-398
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• 2018

OECD 발표에 의하면 물산업 관련 인프라 투자 전망은 전세계 GDP 대비 2010~2020년 약 1.01%에서 2020~2030년 약 1.03%로 확대될 전망으로 다른 통신, 전력, 철도 인프라 투자수요보다 많을 것으로 전망하고 있다(파이넨셜 뉴스, 2013.3.21.). 우리나라는 2005년 베트남 홍강종합개발사업을 시작으로 2015년 기준으로 세계 35개국에 진출하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 물 산업 진출 대상 국가는 미계측 유역이 많고 지상에서 계측된 수문 자료가 부족한 실정이다. Namgung and Lee(2014)에 의하면 네팔의 수력발전소 건설에 관측된 강우량 자료가 없어 발전소 하류 10km 지점의 유하량 자료를 이용하여 자료의 정확도 검증을 대신하여 적용한 바 있다. 이와 같이 계측자료가 없거나 부족한 지역에 대하여 기상 위성을 이용하여 추정된 강수량 자료가 해당 지역의 강수 특성을 파악하는데 중요한 자료로 이용될 수 있다. 글로벌 위성 기반의 강수량 관측에 대한 역사는 1979년에 IR방법에 의해 위성으로부터 강우자료를 유도하는 개념이 도입된 이후 1987년 다중 채널의 마이크로파(MW) 복사계를 이용한 방법, 이후 두 IR과 MW를 혼합한 방법에서, 1997년 TRMM위성의 PR(Precpipitation Radar)의 레이더를 이용하는 방법, 그리고 2014년 GPM 핵심 위성(GPM Core Observatory)에 탑재된 Dual PR에 의한 방법으로 위성강수의 정확도를 매우 높여가고 있다. 본 연구는 KOICA 사업으로 진행중인 필리핀 메트로 마닐라 홍수조기경보 및 모니터링 체계 구축사업 중 파시그-마라키나강(Pasig-Marakina) 유역의 2012년 8월의 홍수사상에 대한 위성강우 및 글로벌 지형자료를 이용하여 홍수 유출량을 추정하는 것으로 목적으로 하고 있다. 유역내 6개 관측소의 일일 강우량 자료와 GPM IMERG 일강우량 자료 상관분석 결과 약 0.623, Bias는 -0.147, RMSE는 15.7정도로 분석되었다. 홍수량 분석은 2012년 8월 홍수가 발생한 시기인 2012년 8월 1일 00(UTC)부터 2012년 8월 16일 00(UTC)까지의 1시간 간격의 위성강우자료와 글로벌 지형자료를 이용하였고, 한국건설기술연구원의 MapWindow 기반 GRM 모형(mwGRM)을 이용하였다. 분석 결과 첨부홍수가 발생한 시기는 8월 7일 18:00(UTC)였고, 첨두 홍수량은 $4,073.9m^3/sec$로 분석되었다. 향후 수위-유량 관계식에 의해 정확도평가를 수행할 계획이다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.spc1
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• pp.1131-1141
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• 2021

In this study, the artificial neural network model is applied for real-time dam inflow prediction and then evaluated for the prediction lead times (1, 3, 6 hr) in dam basins in Korea. For the training and testing the model, hourly precipitation and inflow are used as input data according to average annual inflow. The results show that the model performance for up to 6 hour is acceptable because the NSE is 0.57 to 0.79 or higher. Totally, the predictive performance of the model in dry seasons is weaker than the performance in wet seasons, and this difference in performance increases in the larger basin. For the 6 hour prediction lead time, the model performance changes as the sequence length increases. These changes are significant for the dry season with increasing sequence length compared to the wet season. Also, with increasing the sequence length, the prediction performance of the model improved during the dry season. Comparison of observed and predicted hydrographs for flood events showed that although the shape of the prediction hydrograph is similar to the observed hydrograph, the peak flow tends to be underestimated and the peak time is delayed depending on the prediction lead time.