• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.435-440
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• 2009

Purpose : The concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is estimated as an iron parameter to evaluate erythropoiesis and iron status. The aim of our study is to evaluate the correlation between sTfR concentration and inflammatory parameters and to distinguish iron deficiency anemia from anemia of inflammation. Methods : One hundred and forty-four infants younger than two years of age who visited Gyeongsang University Hospital for 7 years from 2000 to 2006 were enrolled. Patients who had hemoglobin (Hb) <11 g/dL and ferritin <12 mg/L were excluded. Routine hematologic lab, serum ferritin, sTfR, and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), and absolute neutrophil count (ANC)] were investigated. Results : In all patients, the sTfR concentration showed a correlation with Hb, ferritin, MCV, and ANC, but not with CRP and IL-6. In multiple regression models, positive correlations were found between sTfR concentration and IL-6 (r=0.078, P=0.043), and negative correlations were found between sTfR concentration and ANC (r=-0.117, P=0.033) and MCV (r=-0.027, P=0.009). Conclusion : sTfR concentration was influenced by inflammatory parameters. Therefore, sTfR does not appear to be a useful parameter for discriminating between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation in infants.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 2009

Purpose: Recently, the favorable merits of breast feeding have received widespread attention and the number of breast feeding children is increasing. We investigated the weaning practices between breast feeding infants and non-breast feeding infants with respect to iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: Between March 2006 and January 2009, we surveyed 70 parents, the children of whom had been medically diagnosed with IDA, and 140 parents, the children of whom did not have IDA, about how they feed their children and how much they know about the weaning process. The infants and children were 6∼36 months of age and attended the Inha University hospital. Results: IDA patients started weaning later than non-IDA patients. Also, breast feeding in IDA patients was more frequent than in non-IDA patients (82% vs. 30%). The breast feeding group began weaning at approximately 6.4 months of age, which was statistically meaningfully compared to non-breast feeding infants. There were no differences in knowledge between the two groups of parents. Conclusion: According to our research, we assume that if weaning begins at 6 months, we cannot supply sufficient iron to meet the infant's needs, which increase sharply around 6 months of age because of depletion of stored iron. Thus, infants need to initiate weaning from breast feeding at 4 months of age to furnish an ample amount of iron or take iron-containing supplements. These methods would be expected to prevent IDA in breast feeding infants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 1996

부산시 사하구 관내 통합보건지역 주민 100여명을 대상으로 1995년 9월 1일부터 9월 30일까지 실시한 영양실태 조사의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 헤모글로빈 함량은 평균 13.19g/100ml이었으나, 빈혈이 의심되는 조사대상자는 21%이었다. 혈청 알부민 함량은 4.08g/100ml, 총 단백질 함량은 7.81g/100ml로 나타났다. 2) 열량 섭취량은 권장량의 63.1~82.0%를 나타내었으며, 탄수화물, 지방, 단백질의 구성비율은 63.2~72.4% : 13.2~19.5% : 14.4~18.5%이었다. 단백질은 권장량의 79.4%~98.5%의 섭취량을 보였으나, 칼슘, 철, 비타민 $B_{1}$, 비타민 $B_{2}$, niacin, 비타민 C 등은 권장량보다 낮은 섭취를 보이는 주민이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 3) 조사 대상자의 18.5%가 점심을 결식하는 것으로 나타났고, 한끼 평균 4.0~9.3가지, 하루 평균 10.9~14.9가지의 식품을 섭취하고 있었다. 4) 해당 영양소의 결핍이 우려되는 수준인 영양권장량의 75% 미만을 섭취하고 있는 주민의 비율이 단백질이 34%, 칼슘 71%, 철분 47%, 비타민 $B_{1}$ 30%, 비타민 $B_{2}$ 30%, niacin 30%로 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.877-881
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• 2000

Anemia is present in adult if the hematocrit is less than 41%(hemoglobin <13.5g/dL) in males or 37%(hemoglobin <12g/dL) in females. In taking the history, congenital anemia may be suggested by the patient's personal and family history. Poor diet results in folic acid deficiency and may contribute to iron deficiency. Bleeding should always be considered in iron deficiency. Object : The symptoms of this patient are easy fatigability, dizziness, anorexia and paleness of the face. This women is the patient of iron deficiency anemia, cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension. Medication : Gwibitang(歸脾湯) plus(合) Samultang(四物湯) and feroba are dispensed for 30 days. Result : After 30 days, HCT Hb Iron of the laboratory findings are increased and TIBC of the laboratory findings is decreased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.787-792
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to estimate the iron availability and to analyze dietary factors which influence hematological indices of 130 female adolescents with iron deficiency anemia. Intakes of iron and other nutrients were estimated using a self-administrated questionnaire combined with the 24-hour recall mehtod and iron availability was calculated by Monsen's method. Mean daily intakes of calorie, protein and vitamin C were 1631.0kcal(77.7% of RDA), 54.7g(84.2% of RDA) and 45.7mg(83.0% of RDA), respectively. In terms of iron, mean daily intake was 8.7mg(48.3% of RDA) and heme iron intake was 3.0mg which correspond to 34% of total iron intake. The amount of total absorbable iron was 1.5mg and the estimated bioavailability of dietary iron was 17.2%. In summary, intake of several nutrients for most of the subjects were under RDA. Dietary factors affecting hematological indices were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. Intake of vitamin C was a major determinant of Hb level, while both intake of enhancing factor and iron availability were major determinants of serum ferritin level. In conclusion proper nutritional education and guidance for iron deficiency anemic female adoalescent needs to be developed and to improve their iron storage should be increased intakes of enhancing factors, female adoalescents.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 2008

We report a 10-year-old girl with the blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) who had chronic severe anemia caused by chronic occult bleeding in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The patient was admitted to the hospital frequently for recurrent pallor and fatigue since the age of 7 years. Gastroduodenoscopy and capsule endoscopy revealed multiple venous malformations with blood oozing in the stomach, small bowel and colon. The patient was treated by aggressive surgical resection of the 23 vascular malformations in the GI tract. The patient is well without anemia 15 months post surgery.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.42-51
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a case of iron deficiency anemia in a child with repetitive bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, and summarize review of a western literature. Methods A 13-year-old patient, who were suffering from iron deficiency anemia from repetitive bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, was administered by Ikwiseungyang-tang gamibang (益胃升陽湯加味方) and Samchulgeonbitang (蔘出健脾湯). After several tests, we realized that an iron deficiency anemia was related to Helicobacter pylori. Results By herb medication, the patient's symptoms were alleviated. Conclusions Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the reasons of refractory iron-deficiency anemia which is unresponsiveness to oral iron therapy. We report the findings of herb medication along with summarization of a western literature.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.406-413
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to identify the nutritional risk factors by blood analysis, in 1,083 preschool children of age 3 to 6 years. The frequency of anemic children was 7.3% with Hb<11.1 g/dL, 29.9% with ferritin<20 ng/mL, and 16.7% with transferrin Fe saturation(%)<15%. The prevalence of anemia in these children were 12.8% for those with MCV<79 fL, and it was 71% for those with TIBC> $400{\mu}g/dL$. Serum ferritin concentration was 20 ng/mL in the normal children. Thirty two percent of the children had anemia with Hb<12 g/dL, which is below the normal range of Hb. Exactly 15.4% of the children had serum Fe concentration of $60{\mu}g/dL$. The transferrin Fe saturation of the children (16.3%) was >15%. The serum ferritin concentration showed low correlations with Hb, Fe, transferrin Fe saturation, and MCV. The transferrin Fe saturation, higher Hb concentration, MCV, and Hct values were increased significantly. Consequently, iron-deficiency anaemia was thus defined as having Hb concentration <12 g/dL accompanied by ferritin concentration <20 ng/mL or Hct <33%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.143-153
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• 1969

For the purpose of the better dietary management and to emphasize of importance in nutrition education for 949 woman workers at the dormitory of wig factory in Seoul, the nutritional survey was conducted for seven days from August 13 th to 20 th of 1969. The survey included food and nutrient intakes, physical measurement, clinical findings and biochemical measurement were conducted for the randomly sampled 44 subjects. According to the survey results, their heights was under the standard and the 82% of the total subjects was the age ranges from 16 years to 20 years old. Their daily menu was not planned properly and the concept of 5 basic food groups was not utilized in their menu planning. The balanced meal should be emphasized in this factory. Calories and protein intakes are low compared with the recommended allowance and especially animal protein intake is low. Fat intake is only 8.8 grams for capita per day. Vitamins and minerals intake are also low. Clinical and biochemical survey indicated various vitamin deficiencies and anemia which is mostly due to the iron insufficiency.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2007

Gastric carcinoid tumor is a neoplasm that arises from enterochromaffine-like (ECL) cells in the gastric fundus. It is a rare disease that comprises less than 2% of all gastric neoplasms; however its incidence has been recently increasing. We experienced one case of gastric carcinoid tumor that was revealed to be multiple polypoid lesions. A 29-year-old female patient visited a hospital three years ago due to syncope. The blood hemoglobin was measured as 6.0 g/dl. Gastroscopy revealed multiple polypoid lesions with bleeding; therefore endoscopic clipping was performed. The polyps were diagnosed as carcinoid tumor via endoscopic biopsy. She was transferred to our hospital because of persistent iron deficiency anemia that was caused by bleeding at the gastric polyps. Gastroscopy revealed more than twenty various-sized polypoid lesions from the mid-body to the antrum. The blood hemoglobin level was 9.0g/dl. Total gastrectomy was performed under the diagnosis of gastric carcinoid tumor with bleeding. All of the gastric polyps were diagnosed as carcinoid tumors, and any metastasis to the regional lymph nodes was not found. Eighteen months after operation, the blood hemoglobin was increased to 12.8g/dl with no evidence of recurrence. Surgical resection should be considered for treating gastric carcinoid tumor with continuous bleeding.