• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.472-472
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• 2011

탁도는 물의 상대적인 흐림 정도를 나타내는 척도로서 이는 빛이 물을 통과할 때 산란시키는 부유고형물질 때문에 발생한다. 토양침식에 의하여 지표수로 유입된 토사와 광물질은 하천의 수송 및 퇴적 과정을 거치며 이동한다. 이때 하상 퇴적물은 바닥으로부터 먹이를 찾는 유기체에 의해 뒤섞이며 입자들은 일정기간동안 물의 흐름에 의해 부유상태로 남아 있게 되고, 유입되는 영양소와 빛에 의하여 성장하는 조류 또한 탁도를 증가시키는 원인이 된다. 이러한 부유물질의 증가는 수중에 태양복사에너지 전달을 방해하여 수중생태계의 먹이사슬과 저서생물의 서식환경에 많은 영향을 미치고, 수표면 온도 또한 태양으로부터 열을 흡수하는 표면 근처의 부유물질에 의해 증가하여 용존산소의 양에도 영향을 미친다. 따라서 수체내 분포하고 있는 부유물질의 종류와 양 및 공간적 분포 파악은 수질문제와 재난 예방 및 생물의 서식환경 문제를 파악하고 해결하는 데 매우 중요하다. 그러나 부유물질에 부착되어 있는 영양소, 금속, 살충제 등은 물 순환 시스템을 통하여 끊임없이 운반되고 상류유역의 흐름 조건에 따라 시공간적으로 변화하기 때문에 이를 규명하는 것이 매우 어려운 실정이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 광역적인 탁수환경의 분석방법으로 원격탐사(Remote Sensing, 이후 RS) 기법을 이용한 방법이 제안되고 있다. 이미 선진국에서는 광역수계의 수질관리를 위해 RS 기법을 이용하여 신속하고 정확한 수질상태 파악을 시도하고 있으며, 우리나라에서도 KOMPSAT 발사를 계기로 RS 관련 기술이 비약적으로 진화하고 있다. 그러나 RS 데이터를 활용하는데 필수적인 분광학적 특성 규명에 대한 연구는 대부분 식생과 토양에 한정되어 있으며 수체에 대한 연구는 현장조사의 어려움으로 인하여 상당히 제한적인 수준이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 탁도의 변화에 따른 분광반사 특성을 휴대용 분광복사계를 이용하여 규명하고, 이를 Landsat 위성영상에 적용하여 새만금 유역을 대상으로 완공 직후인 2006년부터 2010년까지의 탁수환경을 모니터링 하였다. 그 결과 새만금 유역 탁수환경을 정성적으로 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 이용하여 탁수환경 연구에 RS 기법이 효과적임을 제시하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.271-281
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• 2013

Freeze-thaw experiments were conducted to evaluate changes in surface roughness and physical properties in samples of granite from Ilgwang and Imki mines, Korea. The temperature range in the experiments was $-20^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$, based on typical summer and winter temperatures in Korea, and the surface was observed every 20 cycles. One cycle comprised 1 hour of heating or cooling of the samples and 1 hour during which the target temperature was maintained. With increasing repetitions of the freeze-thaw experiment, porosity increased by 0.05%-0.15% in the two samples and the dry weight increased, whereas the volume of the soil and saturation weight decreased. Observations by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed that line and surface roughness parameters showed a tendency to increase and decrease, respectively, with elapsed time. Changes in surface roughness were apparent on the CLSM images.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1998

La-modified $PbTiO_{3}$(PLT) thin plates were prepared for the fabrication of PLT pyroelectric IR sensors. The effects of the preparation parameters such as tile sintering temperature, the La content, and the ambient powder quantity, on the microstructural and dielectric properties of PLT thin plates were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and measurements of relative density and dielectric properties. With an increased La content, the tetragonality c/a was decreased but the densification and the grain size were increased, which is considered to be due to the increased Pb vacancy concentration to maintain charge neutrality at the increased of La content. When the quantity of the ambient powder wvas increased, the tetragonality was slightly increased, which is believed io be due to the reduced evaporation of PbO. But the e(fect is insignificant compared to that of La content. The dielectric constant at room temperature was increased and the Curie temperature was decreased in accordance with the decreased tetragonality ratio c/a with the increase of La content. The dielectric constant and tan ${\delta}$ of $500{\mu}m$ thick PLT thin plate with 10 wt% excess PbO and 10 mol% La contant sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in ambient powder of $0.02\;g/cm^{3}$ were 360 and 0.02, respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.722-729
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• 1992

Mg-and Zn-ferrites having spinel structure, a kind of complex oxides showing the advantageous properties of constituently single metal oxides, were selected to find a relationship between their catalytic activities in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene and the catalytic properties. For the structural and physical analyses of ferrites, XRD, BET, DTA, XPS, TEM and TPD methods were employed. Potassium added to the catalyst played a role of bifunctional promoter which brought the electronic effect as well as the structural one for the increment of particle dispersion. K-addition decreased acid strength of the catalyst by neutralization and increased its acidity. In the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, K-addition let the selectivity to styrene be constant throughout the reaction by the proper acid strength of the ferrite for the reaction, which could be obtained from the neutralization of strong acid sites by potassium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.274-274
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• 2011

백색 유기발광소자는 일반적으로 적색, 청색 및 녹색의 삼원색을 혼합하여 제작하거나 청색 유기발광소자의 빛을 일부 변환시켜 적색 혹은 녹색을 발생하여 백색을 발광하는 구조를 가진다. 백색을 구현하기 위한 삼원색 조합법은 소자의 구조가 복잡하고 제조단가가 상승하며 제작 된 백색 유기 발광 소자내의 발광 영역을 담당하는 물질의 빠른 열화 때문에 발광 스펙드럼에 변화가 생길 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 색변환 방법은 최적화된 청색 유기발광소자에서 발광된 빛을 색변환 무기물 형광체 층에 의해 재흡수하고 재발광하는 과정에 의해 빛이 발생되기 때문에 색변환 무기물 형광체 층을 사용한 유기발광소자는 구조가 단순하며 무기물 형광체가 외부노출에 안정하기 때문에 상대적으로 안정된 동작이 가능하다. 청색 유기 발광 소자의 효율이나 휘도를 개선하면 소자의 성능이 향상될 수 있는 구조적 장점이 있다. 그러나 기존에 일반적으로 제조하던 방법인 고상반응법에 의한 형광체입자의 크기는 ${\mu}m$ 이상이며 형태도 불규칙한 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 졸겔방법으로 녹색 무기물 형광체 $Zn_2SiO_4:Mn$를 제작하였고 청색 형광 유기 발광 소자에 적용하였다. X-선 회절측정 결과는 형성된 녹색 무기물 형광체내의 Zn 이온이 도핑된 Mn 이온에 대체되었음을 보여주었다. 제작된 진청색 형광 OLED의 전계발광 스펙트럼은 461nm에서 발광 스펙트럼을 나태내고 녹색 무기물 형광체는 470 nm에서 여기되어 Mn 이온의 $^4T_1-^6A_1$ 전이에 의하여 526 nm에서 발광을 한다. 이 과정에서 색변환층의 두께가 0.3 mm 이상일 때 461 nm의 발광스펙트럼의 세기가 급격히 줄어들었다. 이 결과는 제작된 녹색 무기물 형광체를 진청색 유기발광소자와 결합하고 색변환층의 두께를 변화하여 제작된 유기발광소자의 발광색을 조절할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

Structural studies have been performed on precipitation hardening discovered in $L1_2-ordered\;Ni_3(Al,Cr)$ containing 0.2 to 3.0 mol% of carbon using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fine octahedral precipitates of $M_{23}C_6$ appeared in the matrix by aging at temperatures around 973 K after solution treatment at 1423 K. TEM examination revealed that the $M_{23}C_6$ phase and the matrix lattices have a cube-cube orientation relationship and keep partial atomic matching at the {111} interface. After prolonged aging or by aging at higher temperatures, the $M_{23}C_6$ precipitates then adopt a rod-like morphology elongated parallel to the <100> directions. Deformation at temperature below 973 K, typical Orowan loops were observed surrounding the $M_{23}C_6$ particles. At higher deformation temperatures, the Orowan loops disappeared and the morphology of dislocations at the particle-matrix interfaces suggested the existence of attractive interaction between dislocations and particles. The change of the interaction modes between dislocation and particles with increasing deformation temperature can be considered as a result of strain relaxation at the interface between matrix and particles.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2002

After porous filters were manufactured using cordierite powder whose mean paricle size was 200${\mu}m$, they were loaded with catalysts such as $V_2O_5$, CuO and $LaCoO_3$ by vacuum impregnation method. And the NOx/SOx simultaneous removal efficiency was measured by passing NO and $SO_2$ through catalyst-loaded ceramic filters. The cordierite porous filters had the apparent porosity of 61.6%, the compressive strength of 12.3 MPa and the pressure drop of 147 pa at the face velocity of 5 cm/sec. According to the analysis of NO/$SO_2$ simultaneous removal efficiency, perovskite $LaCoO_3$ catalyst was the most efficient for the simultaneous NO and $SO_2$ removal. The $LaCoO_3$ catalyst-loaded filter could remove more than 90% for NO and more than 80% for $SO_2$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2005

The increasing automobiles continue to cause air-pollution problem s worse than ever. In fact, many automobile research are involved in how to reduce exhaust emissions effectively specially in $NO_X$ and PM to comply with stringent emission standards, Euro V. This research emphasized on the development of continuous regeneration DPF technology which was one of promising removing technology of particulate matters because of its comparability and high applicability. In addition, this research discussed on some design points of view through correlation study by com paring the experimental data with computational results by the introduction of commercial codes such as CFD-ACE+ and KIVA-3V. The numerical simulation on the performance of continuous regeneration DPF apparatus and corresponding emission characteristics has been predicted well enough and verified with experimental results. The pressure and average temperatures are decreased to about 2.6% and 1.4% respectively under a full engine load condition mainly due to back pressures raised by diesel particulate filter. Pressure, temperature and heat releasing rates tend to decrease specially at higher engine load, but they are not affected at lower engine load regions.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.11 s.282
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• pp.722-728
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• 2005

A wet-chemical route was utilized to obtain nanosized crystalline goethite ($\alpha$-FeOOH) particle, which was known as an oxidation catalyst in reducing carbon monoxide (CO) and dioxine during incineration. A cost-effective $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ was used as starting raw material and a successive process of hydrolysis-oxidation was utilized as synthetic method. The effects of the initial $Fe^{2+}$ concentration, hydrolysis time and oxidation period on the crystalline phase and particle characteristics were systematically investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and BET analyses. It was found that the spindle-shaped crystalline $\alpha$-FeOOH particle with the width of 70 nm and the length of 200 nm could be obtained successfully when the initial concentration of 1.5 M, hydrolysis time of 4h, and oxidation period of 10 h, respectively. In addition, it was observed that the spindle-shaped $\alpha$-FeOOH particle consisted of nano-sized primary crystallites of $30\~50\;nm$, which were de-agglomerated into individual particle and successively re­agglomerated into spherical or irregular-shaped agglomerates beyond certain periods in the hydrolysis and oxidation process.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.470-477
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• 2013

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based nano-composite pastes having a high filler content are prepared for the facile fabrication of a counter electrode (CE) of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). A polystyrene-based functional block copolymer is prepared through a controlled "living" radical polymerization technique, affording a surface modifier for the dispersion control of MWCNT in the paste. Physical dispersion through a ball-milling method additionally confirms the importance of the dispersion control, providing DSSC with enhanced processibility and improved solar-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency (${\eta}$) values. The performances of the DSSCs are further improved through the incorporation of minor amount of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles into the MWCNT pastes. The DSSC with the Pt/MWCNT hybrid CE exhibits very high ${\eta}$ values, which is superior to that of DSSC with the standard Pt CE.