• Title/Summary/Keyword: 철분첨가사료

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철분강화 유제품 제조 및 생이용성 평가연구

  • 김윤지
    • Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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    • 2000.05a
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    • pp.9-11
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    • 2000
  • 국민의 영양상태가 크게 향상되어왔고 일부에서는 영양과잉과 운동부족으로 인한 비만에 대한 우려가 고조되고 있지만 최근에도 유아나 성장기 어린이들의 철분부족상태에 대한 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 외국에서는 철분 필요량이 높은 성장기 어린이나 유아들에게 영양학적 품질을 개선한 철분강화제품을 공급하기 위하여 이에 대한 연구가 오래 전부터 진행되어왔으나 여러 실험자에 의하여 행해진 실험조건, 사용된 철분염의 종류가 달라서 정확한 비교평가를 하기에는 미흡하다고 사료된다. 여러 가지 식품에서 특히 우유는 영양학적으로 완전식품이라고 하지만 철분은 거의 함유하고 있지 않아서 효과적으로 철분을 강화할 수 있는 기술은 국민영양개선 효과면에서 매우 유용하다고 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 식품첨가물로서 사용되고 있는 철분염 11종을 우유에 100 ppm수준으로 첨가하고 4$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 pH, 지방산패도, 색도변화를 평가하여 우유에 사용하기 적합한 철분염을 1차적으로 선정하였다. 품질평가 결과를 종합하여 분석할 때 ferric citrate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferrous lactate가 철분강화우유 제조에 적합한 것으로 평가하였다. 또한 지금까지 철분강화식품에 일반적으로 자주 사용하고 있는 ferrous sulfate는 우유에 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났으나 비교치로 사용하기 위하여 다음 실험에 사용하였다. 이상에서 screening된 철분염을 첨가한 우유를 HTST, LTLT으로 각각 살균하고 저장하면서 품질을 평가한 결과 HTST법이 LTLT법보다 PH, 지방산패도, 색도변화에서 나쁜 것으로 평가되었고, 철분염 종류에 따른 차이는 LTLT, HTST법에서 ferrous lactate가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용된 철분염 가운데에서는 ferrous lactate, ferric citrate가 유제품에 사용하기에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 생이용성을 평가하기 위하여 우유에서 low molecular weight components(ILC)를 분리하고 철분과 복합체를 형성시킨 다음, 철분 결핍된 쥐의 소장에서 loop을 형성시켜 ILC-철분 복합체를 injection하여 철분 흡수도를 조사하였다. Ferrous lactate 100ppm에서 약 25.6%흡수되었고 ferric citrate 100ppm은 24.7%, ferrous sulfate는 19.7%흡수되었다. ILC를 첨가하지 않은 100ppm 철분염 용액은 ferrous sulfate를 제외하고는 흡수도가 감소되었다. 철분 결핍된 쥐에게 gavage 방법에 의하여 철분강화우유를 투여하였을 때 철분 25ppm 시료에서는 ferrous sulfate가 12.5%로 가장 높았고 ferrous lactate는 8.1%, ferric citrate는 6.5% 흡수되었다. 철분 100ppm수준에서는 흡수율이 낮아져 ferrous sulfate는 25ppm 시료보다 절반이하 수준이었다. Ferric citrate는 차이가 거의 없었으며 ferrous lactate는 70%수준이었다. 이상의 결과에서 철분강화우유에 사용하기 적합한 철분염은 ferrous lactate, ferric citrate였는데 특히 ferrous lactate는 제품의 이화학적 품질, 생이용성 측면 모두에서 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

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Effects of Feeding Ferritin Gene Transferred Yeast (Saccharomyces serevisiae) on Performance, Iron Concentration in Organs and Egg of Chickens (Ferritin 유전자 전이 효모(Saccharomyces serevisiae)의 급여가 닭의 생산성, 장기 및 계란의 철분함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Ryu, Byeong-Seon;Park, Jae-Hong;Kim, Dae-Hyeok;Ryu, Kyeong-Seon
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 2003
  • Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding yeast accumulated transgenic ferritin(FRT, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a probiotic on the performance, iron contents in the liver, spleen, bone and yolk of laying hens and broiler chicks. Effects of feeding FRT were compared with that of feeding wild-type yeast(W0) and yeast grown on 20 mM ferric citrate-added medium (W20). In Expt 1, to investigate the effect of feeding yeast (control, W0 FRT) on performance and iron content of organs of broiler chicks which were fed basal diet supplemented with 75mg/kg iron(Fe75) or not (Fe0), three hundred sixty one-day-old male broiler chicks were fed a corn-sov based diet for five weeks. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were measured weekly. In Expt 2, fifteen 33-week-old ISA Brown laying hens were placed in individual cages and were fed control, W0 and FRT diets for Four weeks. In Expt 3, twenty four 45-week-old ISA Brown laying hens were placed in individual cages and were fed a basal diet for a week. Then, experimental diets (control, W0, W20, FRT) were fed for three weeks. Iron contents in the liver, heart, spleen and tibia were determined at the end of all experiments. Iron content in yolk was measured weekly (expt 2, 3). The level of yeast added and iron concentration of FRT were $1{\times}10^8$cfu/kg diet and 500 mg/kg cell (DM) respectively in Expt 3, yeast was supplemented at $2{\times}10^{10}$cfu/kg diet and the iron content of FRT was 1000mg/kg cell (DM). In Expt 1. birds fed Fe75 showed significantly higher weight gain compared with Fe0 (P<0.05). However, weight gain and feed intake of birds fed FRT was significantly lower than control (P<0.05). In Expt 2, the iron content of the liver was decreased in the FRT treatment (P<0.05). In Expt 3, iron concentration of the liver and spleen tended to be increased by feeding FRt. However, the iron content of the tibia tended to be decreased in the FRT treatment. These results suggest that feeding FRT as a probiotic cannot improve performance and iron content in organs of broiler chicks and laying hens.

Effects of Dietary Chelated Fe and Yeast Fe on Growth Performance and Body Composition in Broiler Chicks (유기태 철과 효모철의 첨가급여가 육계의 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향)

  • Na S.J.;Oh J.I.;Uuganbayar D.;Jung D.K.;Kim H.Y.;Moon S.T.;Yang C.J.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wild yeast mutant) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae hFeHLC (ferritin containing yeast) and chelated Fe on growth performance and body composition of broiler chicks. A total of 252 (1-day old) 'Ross' broiler chicks were allotted to seven dietary treatments: I) control without iron supplementation, 2) 0.1% wild yeast mutant (YM03), 3) 1.0% wild yeast mutant, 4) 0.1% ferritin containing yeast (YF04), 5) 1.0% ferritin containing yeast, 6) 0.01% chelated Fe and 7) 0.1% chelated Fe. The highest weight gain obtained from broilers fed 0.01% chelated Fe was 2,121g, the lowest weight gain obtained from broilers fed control diet was 2.087g. The growth performance results were not significantly different in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broilers diets containing wild yeast, ferritin containing yeast and chelated Fe supplementation and control diets (P>0.05). The lowest iron content in meat was for control 30.51 mg/dL and the highest Fe content was for 0.1% ferritin containing yeast 41.58 mg/dL, but these were not significantly different (P>0.05).

밀배아 분말첨가가 식빵의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

  • 김래영;전순실;서재수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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    • 2000.12a
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    • pp.51-51
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    • 2000
  • 식생활의 서구화로 제빵 산업이 발달하고, 빵을 주식으로 하는 인구가 늘고 있다 또한 기존의 재료보다는 기능성이 첨가된 부재료를 활용한 건강 지향적인 식품의 수요가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 최근 밀배아의 용도 다양화를 위하여 팔은 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 상업적으로 이용되고 있다. 소맥의 제분과정에서 부산물로 얻어지는 밀배에는 식물 중에서 가장 많은 천연 비타민 E 복합체가 이상적인 상태로 함유되어 있다. 밀배아에 들어 있는 비타민 E는 천연 비타민 E 복합체와 합성 비타민 E로 구분되어진다. 천연비타민E는 8가지 이성체를 가진 자연 비타민 E를 말하며, 4종류의($\alpha$$\beta$${\gamma}$$\delta$)의 토코페롤과 4종의 토코페롤의 복합체이다. 비타민 E는 사람을 포함한 고등동물에 필수적인 영양소로 식물성기름, 곡류, 배아 등에 많이 들어 있으며, 여러 이성질체중 $\alpha$-토코페롤이 체내에서 가장 생물학적 활성이 큰 것으로 알려졌으며, 생체막조직에서 인지질의 천연항산화제 역할을 하여 체내대사를 정상으로 유지하는데 큰 기능을 하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 우리나라에서 식용으로 소비되는 밀은 거의가 수입에 의존하고 있으며, 밀배아는 거의 전량이 가축의 사료용으로 사용되고 있고 근래에 와서는 배아유, 배아떡, 복합 조미료, 쿠키, 배아를 첨가한 국수 등에 이용되고 있다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 식빵제조시 밀배아 분말을 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%씩 첨가하여 기능성 식빵을 제조하였을 때의 반죽의 물성, 호화특성을 살펴보고 빵으로 제조하였을 때의 식빵의 품질 특성으로서 1차 발효 손실률, 굽기 손실률, 부피, 질감, 노화도, 관능적 특성 및 mould-free shelf life를 측정하였다.te, ferric citrate가 유제품에 사용하기에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 생이용성을 평가하기 위하여 우유에서 low molecular weight components(ILC)를 분리하고 철분과 복합체를 형성시킨 다음, 철분 결핍된 쥐의 소장에서 loop을 형성시켜 ILC-철분 복합체를 injection하여 철분 흡수도를 조사하였다. Ferrous lactate 100ppm에서 약 25.6%흡수되었고 ferric citrate 100ppm은 24.7%, ferrous sulfate는 19.7%흡수되었다. ILC를 첨가하지 않은 100ppm 철분염 용액은 ferrous sulfate를 제외하고는 흡수도가 감소되었다. 철분 결핍된 쥐에게 gavage 방법에 의하여 철분강화우유를 투여하였을 때 철분 25ppm 시료에서는 ferrous sulfate가 12.5%로 가장 높았고 ferrous lactate는 8.1%, ferric citrate는 6.5% 흡수되었다. 철분 100ppm수준에서는 흡수율이 낮아져 ferrous sulfate는 25ppm 시료보다 절반이하 수준이었다. Ferric citrate는 차이가 거의 없었으며 ferrous lactate는 70%수준이었다. 이상의 결과에서 철분강화우유에 사용하기 적합한 철분염은 ferrous lactate, ferric citrate였는데 특히 ferrous lactate는 제품의 이화학적 품질, 생이용성 측면 모두에서 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.다 높았으며, 1회당 평균 8.1$\pm$5.1개의 난포란을 회수하였다. investigation can be separated into sampling and analytical uncertainties, it can be used as a criterion where the resources for the inves

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Effects of Dietary Fe and Se Levels on Lipid Levels in Serum and Liver of Rats (철분과 셀레늄의 섭취수준이 흰쥐의 혈액과 간장의 지질수준에 미치는 영향)

  • 전예숙;승정자
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.568-574
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary Fe and Se levels on lipid contents of serum and liver in growing rats fed adequate Fe(35ppm), medium-high Fe(70ppm), high Fe(140ppm), adequate Se(0.05ppm), and high Se(0.Sppm) for 6 weeks. Serum levels of Fe and Se increased as the levels of dietary Fe and Se were increased, respectively(P<0.05, p<0.05), Serum levels of total cholesterol and (LDL+VLDL)-cholesterol increased as the level of dietary Fe was increased (p<0.001, p<0.001), and were lower in high-Se group than those in adequate-Se group(p<0.001, P<0.001). Liver Fe level in High-Se group was lower than that in adequate-Se group(p<0.01) and liver Se level decreased as the dietary Fe level was increased(p<0.05). Liver levels of phospholipid and total lipid in high-Se group were lower than that in adequate-Se group(p<0.05 p<0.01). Liver levels of triglyceride and total lipid decreased as the level of dietary Fe was increased(p<0.05 p<0.01). From these results, it is considered that serum lipid contents are increased in case of Fe overload and decreased with adding Se. Therefore, it could be suggested that adequate Fe intake and Se addition are recommended for prevention of lipid increment in serum.

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Studies on the Characterization of Black Goat Meat and Bone Beverage Containing Honey with Red Ginseng (홍삼꿀을 첨가한 흑염소 육골액 음료의 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Young Hee-Tae;Kim Mi-Won;Choi Hwa-Jung
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.135-139
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    • 2005
  • This study was designed to investigate the characterization of black goat meat and bone beverage containing honey of red ginseng. The crude proteins and moisture contents of black goat meat were higher than those of pork and beef, but the crude lipid content of black goat meat was lower than that of those. The potassium content of black goat meat was lower than that of chicken, but similar to the pork and beef. The sodium content of black goat meat was lower than that of chicken, pork and beef. The result of the sensory evaluation of black goat meat and bone beverage added honey with red ginseng by 25 panels, was that the beverages added $7.5\%\;and\;8.0\%$ honey with red ginseng were better than any other beverages. Thus, the results suggest that the black goat meat bone beverage added honey with red ginseng could be one of valuable drinks.

Production of Sedum Extract Adding Jelly and Assessment of Its Physicochemical Properties (돌나물 즙을 첨가한 젤라틴 젤리의 제조 및 품질특성)

  • Mo, Eun-Kyoung;Kim, Hyun-Ho;Kim, Seung-Mi;Jo, Hyun-Ho;Sung, Chang-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.619-624
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    • 2007
  • Sedum sarmentosum, also blown as stonecrop (dolnamul), is a widely consumed herb, and is used as an ingredient in salads in Korea. Unfortunately, sedum is perishable and vulnerable to tissue damage during preservation. Therefore, this feasibility study was performed in order to increase the availability of sedum and increase its value. Various concentrations of sedum extract (0.5-3%) were added to gelatin jelly, and their physicochemical properties were determined. The ascorbic acid content of the sedum jelly increased in proportion to the sedum extract concentration. Calcium content of the sedum jelly was 4 to 28 times higher than that of the control. Contrary to the control, iron was detected in the sedum jelly (0.023-1.031 mg/100 g dry weight). Furthermore, magnesium and potassium levels were higher in the sedum extract groups. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in greenness (a value) and yellowness (b value) between the control and the sedum extract groups. However, significant differences between the 2% and 3% sedum extract groups were not detected. As sedum extract concentration increased, the pH level of soft jellies (solid state) decreased. Therefore, hardness and gumminess were decreased significantly. These results are in agreement with the sensory evaluation. According to sensory tests, the values for palatability, appearance, and color in the 2% sedum extract group were higher than those of the 0.5-1% and 3% sedum extract groups.

Effect of Copper on the Regulation of Ferroportin-1 Gene Expression (구리가 Ferroportin-1 유전자 발현 조절에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Bo-Yoen;Chung, Ja-Yong
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.434-441
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    • 2009
  • Ferroportin-1 (FPN) is a transporter protein that is known to mediate iron export from macrophages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of copper on the regulation of FPN gene expression in J774 mouse macrophage cells. J774 cells were treated with various concentrations of $CuSO_4$ and RT-PCR analyses were performed to measure the steady-state levels of mRNAs for FPN and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1, an iron importer). Copper treatment significantly increased FPN mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner, but didn't change the levels of DMT1 mRNA. Experiments with transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (0.5 ${\mu}g$/mL) revealed that copper treatment did not affect the half-life of FPN mRNAs in J774 cells. On the other hand, results from luciferase reporter assays showed that copper directly stimulated the promoter activity of FPN. In summary, our data showed copper induced FPN mRNA of macrophages via a transcriptional rather than post-transcriptional mechanisms.

Effect of Fermented Rubus Occidentalis Supplementation on Nutrient Transfer Factor and Antioxidant Activity in Blood of Berkshire Pig (복분자 발효사료가 버크셔 돼지의 혈액 내 영양운반인자와 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Ji-Yeon;Choi, Do-Hyun;An, Jin-Ho;Park, Hwa-Chun;Kong, Hyun-Seok
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.53 no.5
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2019
  • Today, as the specification of pigs increases, it is important to develop eco-friendly livestock feeds that do not add antibiotics to highly utilizable materials as feed resources, and to produce functional eco-friendly pork and processed products. The purpose of this study was to establish Rubus occidentalis (RO) byproducts containing various amounts of physiologically active substances such as anticancer, anti - inflammation and antioxidant as a raw material for pig feed. The multifaceted efficacy of the RO fermented fodder (ROFF) was confirmed by the nutrient transport factors and antioxidant activity of Berkshire pigs. ROFF was added 0.3% to the general diet and the efficacy was confirmed by feeding diets to Berkshire pigs according to each weight for 43~73 days. As a result, the total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were decreased or were increased in the castrated male and female Berkshire pigs but not significantly. It was confirmed that the tendency was improved in nutrition physiology. The biochemical levels of female finishing pigs were not significant but increased. In the case of finishing pigs with possibility of pregnancy, it is expected that the nutrition supply for piglet production and will help in the production of the healthy piglet. Transferrin (TFE) levels tended to increase in female growing pig and 110-150 kg finishing pigs. Thus ROFF could minimize the negative effects of iron contents deficiency in female Berkshire pigs. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) activity was increased in castrated male and female 110-150 kg finishing pigs. Therefore, ROFF tends to improve the antioxidant capacity. The results of this study suggest that ROFF is one of the most favorable dietary sources when considering the contents of RO in feed. In particular, ROFF could have a positive effect on nutrient transport and iron content of female rather than castrated male Berkshire pigs.

Effects of Organic Iron Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body Composition in Broiler Chicks (유기철의 첨가가 육계의 성장과 체조성에 미치는 영향)

  • 양철주;우간바야르;나상준;고석영;위화영;정대균;김해영
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2004
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic iron supplemented to feed for broilers. One hundred forty four Ross broiler chicks were assigned to 6 treatments: control containing 80mg Fe from iron sulfate per kg diet(FE-80), FE-160 (control multiplied two times), YM-80 containing 80mg Fe from yeast mutant, YM-160 (YM-80 multiplied two times), YF-80 containing 80mg Fe from ferritin containing yeast, YF-160 (YF-80 multiplied two times) in the experiment. Each treatment had four replications of 6 birds each. The weight gain of the YM-160 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control (FE-80). The YM and YF in the serum cholesterol level were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control. In the cholesterol level of carcass, although the control (FE-80) was highest and the YM and YF were very low; however, there were no significant differences among treatments. In the iron level of carcass, the control (FE-80) showed the lowest level among treatments; the YM and YF were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control. In conclusion, the supplementation with organic iron to broiler chicks improve productivity. We also expect the possibility on chicken meat with reinforcing iron.