• Title/Summary/Keyword: 천정각

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Evaluation on extraction of pixel-based solar zenith and offnadir angle for high spatial resolution satellite imagery (고해상도 위성영상의 화소기반 태양 천정각 및 촬영각 추출 및 평가)

  • Seong, Seon Kyeong;Seo, Doo Chun;Choi, Jae Wan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.563-569
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    • 2021
  • With the launch of Compact Advanced Satellite 500 series of various characteristics and the operation of KOMPSAT-3/3A, uses of high-resolution satellite images have been continuously increased. Especially, in order to provide satellite images in the form of ARD (Analysis Ready Data), various pre-processing such as geometric correction and radiometric correction have been developed. For pre-processing of high spatial satellite imagery, auxiliary information, such as solar zenith, solar azimuth and offnadir angle, should be required. However, most of the high-resolution satellite images provide the solar zenith and nadir angle for the entire image as a single variable. In this paper, the solar zenith and offnadir angle corresponding to each pixel of the image were calculated using RFM (Rational Function Model) and auxiliary information of the image, and the quality of extracted information were evaluated. In particular, for the utilization of pixel-based solar zenith and offnadir angle, pixel-based auxiliary data were applied in calculating the top of atmospheric reflectance, and comparative evaluation with a single constant-based top of atmospheric reflectance was performed. In the experiments using various satellite imagery, the pixel-based solar zenith and offnadir angle information showed a similar tendency to the auxiliary information of satellite sensor, and it was confirmed that the distortion was reduced in the calculated reflectance in the top of atmospheric reflectance.

The Changes of UV-B Radiation at the Surface due to Stratospheric Aerosols (성층권 에어로졸에 의한 지표면 UV-B 복사량 변동)

  • Jai-Ho Oh;Joon-Hee Jung;Jeong-Woo Kim
    • International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.31-46
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    • 1993
  • A radiative transfer model with two-stream/delta-Eddington approximation has been developed to calculate the vertical distributions of atmospheric heating rates and radiative fluxes. The performance of the model has been evaluated by comparison with the results of ICRCCM (Intercomparison of radiative codes in climate models). It has been demonstrated that the presented model has a capability to calculate the solar radiation not only accurately but also economically. The characteristics of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280-320nm) are examined by comparison of relation between the flux at the top of atmosphere and that at the surface. The relation of UV-B is quadratic due to the strong ozone absorption in this band. Also, the dependence of the UV-B radiation on the stratospheric ozone depletion and stratospheric aerosol haze due to volcanic eruption on the stratospheric ozone depletion and stratospheric aerosol haze due to volcanic eruption has been tested with various solar zenith angles. The surface UV-B increases as the solar zenith angle increases. The existence of stratospheric aerosols causes an increase in the planetary albedo due to the aerosols' backscattering. The planetary albedo with aerosol's effect has been increases as the solar zenith angle is not sensitive. It may be caused by the fact that the aerosols' scattering effect becomes saturated with the relatively long path length in a large solar zenith angle. Finally, the regional impact of stratospheric aerosols due to volcanic eruption on the intensity of UV-B radiation at the surface has been estimated. A direct effect is that the flux is diminished at the low latitudes, while it is enhanced in the high latitudes by the aerosols' photon trap or twilight effect. In the high latitudes, both aerosols' scattering and ozone absorption have strong and opposite impacts to the surface UV-B radiation is located at the mid-latitudes during spring season in both hemispheres.

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The Parallax Correction to Improve Cloud Location Error of Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Data (정지궤도 기상위성자료의 구름위치오류 개선을 위한 시차보정)

  • Lee, Won-Seok;Kim, Young-Seup;Kim, Do-Hyeong;Chung, Chu-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2011
  • This research presents the correction method to correct the location error of cloud caused by parallax error, and how the method can reduce the position error. The procedure has two steps: first step is to retrieve the corrected satellite zenith angle from the original satellite zenith angle. Second step is to adjust the location of the cloud with azimuth angle and the corrected satellite zenith angle retrieved from the first step. The position error due to parallax error can be as large as 60km in case of 70 degree of satellite zenith angle and 15 km of cloud height. The validation results by MODIS(Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) show that the correction method in this study properly adjusts the original cloud position error and can increase the utilization of geostationary satellite data.

Determination of Slant Wet Delay using GPS (GPS를 이용한 시선방향 습윤지연 결정)

  • 하지현;박관동;박종욱
    • Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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    • 2004.03a
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    • pp.141-146
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구에서는 Canada Southern Alberta Network의 6곳의 GPS(Global Positioning System) 상시관측소 데이터를 바탕으로 관측소와 각 GPS 위성간의 시선방향 습윤지연량을 결정하였다. 고정밀 GPS 데이터를 이용하여 천정방향 습윤지연량을 결정하고 이를 WVR(Water Vapor Radiometer)에서 측정한 천정방향 습윤지연량과 비교하였다. 그 결과 WVR의 천정방향 습윤지연량과 비교할 때 GPS로 관측한 천정방향 습윤지연량은 최대 1.39cm, 최소 0.99cm의 RMS 오차를 보였다. 또한 GPS로 관측한 시선방향 습윤지연량은 WVR과 비교할 때, PRN 25번 위성의 경우최대 17cm, 최소 0.05cm의 차이가 났다.

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Cloud Detection Using HIMAWARI-8/AHI Based Reflectance Spectral Library Over Ocean (Himawari-8/AHI 기반 반사도 분광 라이브러리를 이용한 해양 구름 탐지)

  • Kwon, Chaeyoung;Seo, Minji;Han, Kyung-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.33 no.5_1
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    • pp.599-605
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    • 2017
  • Accurate cloud discrimination in satellite images strongly affects accuracy of remotely sensed parameter produced using it. Especially, cloud contaminated pixel over ocean is one of the major error factors such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST), ocean color, and chlorophyll-a retrievals,so accurate cloud detection is essential process and it can lead to understand ocean circulation. However, static threshold method using real-time algorithm such as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) can't fully explained reflectance variability over ocean as a function of relative positions between the sun - sea surface - satellite. In this paper, we assembled a reflectance spectral library as a function of Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) and Viewing Zenith Angle (VZA) from ocean surface reflectance with clear sky condition of Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) identified by NOAA's cloud products and spectral library is used for applying the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to detect cloud pixels. We compared qualitatively between AHI cloud property and our results and it showed that AHI cloud property had general tendency toward overestimation and wrongly detected clear as unknown at high SZA. We validated by visual inspection with coincident imagery and it is generally appropriate.

다양한 천정각에서 자중에 의한 마젤란 부경의 표면 정밀도

  • Park, Gwi-Jong;Kim, Yeong-Su;An, Gi-Beom;Cheon, Mu-Yeong;Jang, Jeong-Gyun;Park, Byeong-Gon;Yuk, In-Su;Gyeong, Jae-Man
    • Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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    • 2009.10a
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    • pp.32.5-33
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    • 2009
  • 카네기 천문대에서 주도하여 개발 중인 구경 25.4m GMT 망원경 사업에 한국도 공식적으로 참여하였다. 현재 한국천문연구원은 GMT(Giant Magellan Telescope)부경부를 국내에서 개발하고자 이와 관련된 연구를 진행하고 있다. GMT 부경은 직경 1.06m 오목거울 7장이 모여 전체 직경 3.2m인 타원면을 형성하고 초점비는 F/0.7이다. GMT 부경개발 선행 연구과제로 카네기 천문대에서 개발되어 현재 운용중인 구경 6.5m 마젤란 망원경의 부경을 선택하였는데, 이는 마젤란 부경의 형상과 직경, 부경시스템 운영방식이 GMT 와 유사하기 때문이다. 천체관측 망원경에서 거울면의 변형에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 거울의 자중이다. 거울의 직경이 커지면 자중이 증가하게 되어 거울면의 처짐이 커지게 된다. 이를 극복하고자 다양한 거울 support들이 개발되었다. 그중에서 counterweight lever 시스템 같은 부양(float) 시스템은 자중의 영향을 보상해 줌으로써 그것에 의한 거울의 변형을 최소화하는 역할을 하는데, GMT 부경 개발에 근간이 되는 마젤란 부경 또한 부양 시스템을 도입하였다. 마젤란 부경의 부양시스템은 counterweight lever 시스템과 유사한 진공 시스템을 도입하였다. 마젤란 부경의 support는 axial 방향으로 거울을 지지하는 axial support와 lateral 방향으로 거울을 지지하는 lateral support가 있는데, 이중에서 axial support가 진공시스템으로 구성된다. Lateral 방향의 지지는 경량화된 거울의 hole 안에 3개의 판스프링을 삽입하여 단지 거울과 판스링의 강성에 의해서만 이루어진다. 이 논문에서는 망원경이 작동을 할때 즉, 천정각(zenith angle)이 변할 때 axial support와 lateral support의 조합(combination)에 의해 지지되는 마젤란 부경의 표면 정밀도 RMS 값을 비교하였다.

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Compatibility of MODIS Vegetation Indices and Their Sensitivity to Sensor Geometry (MODIS 식생지수에 미치는 센서 geometry의 영향과 센서 간 자료 호환성 검토)

  • Park, Sunyurp
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2014
  • Data composite methods have been typically applied to satellite-based vegetation index(VI) data to continuously acquire vegetation greenness over the land surface. Data composites are useful for construction of long-term archives of vegetation indices by minimizing missing data or contamination from noise. In addition, if multi-sensor vegetation indices that are acquired during the same composite periods are used interchangeably, data stability and continuity may be significantly enhanced. This study evaluated the influences of sensor geometry on MODIS vegetation indices and investigated data compatibility of two difference vegetation indices, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI), for potential improvement of long-term data construction. Relationships between NDVI and EVI turned out statistically significant with variations among vegetation covers. Due to their curvilinear relationships, NDVI became saturated and leveled off as EVI reached high ranges. Correlation coefficients between Terra- and Aqua-based vegetation indices ranged from 0.747 to 0.963 for EVI, and from 0.641 to 0.880 for NDVI, showing better compatibility for EVI compared to NDVI. In-depth analyses of VI outliers that deviated from regression equations constructed from the two different sensors remain as a future study to improve their compatibility.

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Analysis of Vegetation Characteristics of Close-to-nature Creek Improvement (자연형 소하천정비사업의 식생특성 분석)

  • Yeon, Gyu-Bang;Kang, Sang-Jun;Yun, Kang-Hun;Lee, Jong-Hyung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.657-661
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 자연형 소하천정비 시범사업 중에서 2003년 하천정비공사가 완료된 후 식생의 침입과 정착하는 과정을 조사함으로서 교란된 하천을 자연형 하천으로 복원하는데 생태학적으로 어떤 공법이 최적의 공법인가를 알아보고자 각 호안공법 별로 식생의 변화특성을 분석한 것으로 결론은 다음과 같다. 이동 소하천에 적용된 다양한 공법(자연석 쌓기, 식생축조블록, 그린리버(환경)블록, 스톤넷, 친환경 돌망태, 식생매트, 환경블록 H형, 반딧불 블록, 지오그린셀, 자연석 3단쌓기 호안)으로 정비된 자연형 하천 복원 후의 식생조성과 목본식물의 침입 및 정착 과정을 조사하였다. 9가지의 공법 중에서 식생 조성과 목본식물의 침입과 정착에 양호하다고 판단된 공법은 자연석 2단 및 3단 쌓기가 가장 좋다고 판단되었고, 그 다음은 지오그린셀 공법, 식생 매트 공법 그리고 그린리버 공법의 순이었다. 친환경 돌망태 공법, 환경블록 공법, 환경 H블록 공법, 식생 축조 블록 공법 및 반딧불 블록 공법은 다른 공법에 비하여 적절하지 못한 공법이었다. 각 공법 간 식생 조성의 유사도 비교에 의하면 시간이 지남에 따라 하천 복원 후 하천 변의 식생이 한 방향으로 서서히 수렴되어 가고 있었다. 하천 공법에 관계없이 봄에 침입하는 식물을 보면 둑의 사면에는 갈퀴나물, 큰김의털, 쑥, 환삼덩굴, 점나도나물 이었고, 수로에는 고마리, 소리쟁이, 미나리, 개구리자리였다. 여름에는 둑 사면에 망초, 억새, 환삼덩굴, 토끼풀이, 수로에는 고마리, 미나리, 미국가막사리, 닭의장풀, 그리고 가을에 많이 침입한 식물은 사면에 파종된 외래식물인 큰김의털, 식재한 억새, 강아지풀 및 환삼덩굴이었음을 알 수 있었다. 처음 침입한 목본은 갯버들, 아카시나무, 내버들 및 버드나무 등 4종이었으나, 1년 후에는 싸리, 산딸기, 쥐똥나무 및 뽕나무가 새로 침입하였다. 이렇게 침입한 목본식물들은 복원된 하천에 다른 물리적인 교란이 심하게 가해지지 않는다면 당분간 계속 생장할 것으로 사료된다.

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A study of optical wireless non-LOS link system (광무선 LAN의 비가시전송에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, June-Hwan;Hong, Kwon-Eui;Kim, Yung-Kwon
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.2 no.2 s.3
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    • pp.173-177
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    • 1998
  • Under indoor environment, in case that wireless optical LAN does not obtain the line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver, hemi-spherical lens or reflector must be adopted to get broader beam width. The beam tilt and the fluctuations in amplitude and phase of optical signal through indoor-space occur due to the turbulene. This fading often results in unacceptably large bit error probabilities and thus performance degradation of wireless optical communications. In this paper, when the spherical filter at the front-end of transmitter and receiver is used for wireless optical channel not satisfying line-of-sight, the signal-to-noise ratio as to zenithal angle and the effect from the turbulence due to indoor temperature are investigated.

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