• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2022

잇꽃(Carthamus tinctorius L.)은 국화과에 속하는 두해살이 초본 식물로 한자명은 홍화(紅花), 영명으로는 Safflower를 사용하고 있다. 우리나라의 잇꽃 재배는 2010년 39ha 수준이 재배되다가 2014년에는 76ha까지 확대되었으나, 점차 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있으며 2020년에는 52ha가 재배되고 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 잇꽃은 종자를 약용으로 이용하거나 꽃잎을 건조하여 천연 염색제 및 향신료로 이용하고 있으나, 일본 산형(山形)현에서는 잇꽃의 경관적 가치를 이용해 홍화 축제를 개최함으로써 소득작목으로 자리매김하고 있다. 본 연구는 지리산을 중심으로 한 준고랭지 지역에서 잇꽃의 경관적 가치의 활용 가능성을 검토하고자, 국립농업유전자원센터로부터 총포에 가시가 없는 무가시형 유전자원(IT323225, IT333473, IT333482)을 분양받아 가시가 있는 재배종과 파종시기별로 개화 특성 등을 비교하였다. 표고 500m 준고랭지의 비가림 하우스에서 3월 하순부터 6월 상순까지 파종시별로 출현율을 검토한 결과, IT 323225 자원은 관행의 3월 하순 파종에서도 40.5%의 낮은 출현율을 보였다. 3월 하순 파종에서 재배종은 6월 22일경에 개화기에 도달하였으나, 무가시형 유전자원들은 7월 2일~5일경에 개화기에 도달하여 만생종의 특성을 보였다. 파종시기를 늦춰 5월 하순에 피종하는 경우 무가시형 자원들은 7월 27일~29일경에 개화기에 도달하였으며, 개화기 전후의 개화 지속기간은 8~10일이 소요되어 3월 하순에 파종하여 7월 상순에 개화하는 경우보다 2~4일이 단축되는 경향이었다. IT333473 자원의 개화기 초장은 5월 하순 파종하는 경우 관행의 3월 하순 파종보다 43.6%가 즐어든 71.1cm를 보였고, 분지수는 41.6% 감소한 8.0개/주 수준을 보였다. 식물체당 착화수 또한 파종시기를 늦춤에 따라 감소하는 경향이었으나 화당 종자수는 IT323225 자원은 5월 중순과 하순 파종시에 증가하는 양상이었고 IT333473 자원과 IT333482 자원은 재배종과 같이 감소하였다. 하계 휴양지로 각광받고 있는 지리산권에서 무가시형 잇꽃 자원의 경관적 가치 활용 가능성을 검토한 결과, 파종시기를 5월 하순으로 늦추는 경우 성수기인 7월 하순과 8월 상순에 개화가 가능하였다. 또한 식물체의 초장이 71.1~83.6cm 수준으로 단축되어 경관 조성에 유리한 특성을 보였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.223-241
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• 2004

The purpose of this present study evaluated the osseous response around Ca-P coated xenogenic bone and compared osteogenic potential of Ca-P coated xenogenic bone to that of combination with type I collagen derived from bovine tendon as a biocompatible binder to prevent migration of bone particle on the repair of calvarial defects in rabbits. To study the effects of Ca-P coated xenogenic bone and collagen on bone healing, four 5-mm-diameter skull defect were made in calvaria with trephine filled with an autogenous bone chip or Ca-P coated xenogenic bone or Ca-P coated xenogenic bone and type I collagen (1:1 mixture by volume) or left empty. The defects were evaluated histologically at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks following implantation. Ca-P coated xenogenic bone at the calvarial defects of rabbits showed osteoconductivity at the margin of defect in the early stage of bony healing, but no direct contact with new bone was observed. With time passed by, it was resorbed slowly and showed consistent inflammatory reaction. An additional use of type I collagen derived from bovine tendon improved clinical handling, but no new bone formation was observed histologically. Above all, autogenous bone graft showed most prominent healing in quantity and density of new bone formation. According to this study, the use of Ca-P coated xenogenic bone alone and combination with type I collagen did not showed effective healing in quantity and density of new bone formation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to develop an activator, 3-10 kDa fraction from radish water extracts, that will improve the intestinal function and bowel movement in the colons. Radish water extracts were investigated for their intestinal function effects according to the charcoal meal transit method, employing Balb/c mice: also, their anti-constipation activities were compared utilizing the loperamide-induced constipation method, employing SD rats. The result suggested that the effects of the charcoal meal transit increased remarkably in radish water extract administrated rats in comparison to loperamide administrated rats. Futhermore, the effects of various solvent extracts of radish on charcoal meal transit in Balb/c mice increased remarkably in radish water fraction administrated rats than in different solvent fraction administrated rats. Radish extraction was tested and isolated into 4 groups: below 3 kDa, 3-10 kDa, 10-300 kDa, and over 300 kDa. 3-10 kDa was the most effective on the intestinal function and bowel movement in the colons; also, 3-10 kDa fraction of radish water extraction was found to be the most effective charcoal meal transit. The dry weight and moisture content of feces remarkedly increased in the 3-10 kDa administrated rats group than in the loperamide only group. Experimental results revealed that 3-10 kDa fraction of radish water extract was the most effective on the intestinal function and bowel movement was the crypt epithelial cells that contained more MUC2 in the 3-10 kDa administrated group than the loperamide only group: in addition, the thickness of mucus layer stained with alcian blue was significantly thicker in 3-10 kDa administrated rats than in loperamide administrated rats. Crypt epithelial cells secreted more MUC2 in the 3-10 kDa administrated group than the loperamide only group and the stained cells clearly showed the MUC2 with antibody Biogenex AM358.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.608-614
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• 2013

We investigated the anti-wrinkle activity of an 80% ethanol extract of Curdrania tricuspidata leaves (CTL80) on ultraviolet-induced photoaging in hairless mice. Skin wrinkles were induced by 10 weeks of UVB-irradiation on the back of Skh-1 hairless mice three times a week. Mice were divided into ten groups; normal control (-UVB), UVB irradiated control group (+UVB), dietary groups (UVB+ascorbic acid 0.1%, UVB+CTL80 0.1%, UVB+CTL80 0.25%) and topical application groups (-UVB+base lotion (BL), UVB+BL, UVB+ascorbic acid 1%+BL, UVB+CTL80 1%+BL, UVB+CTL80 2%+BL). Wrinkle formation, histological changes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9) were analyzed. Wrinkles for the +UVB groups formed as a pattern of deep furrows and thick crests. Wrinkles with CTL80 treatment formed as a pattern of shallow furrows and thin crests, with wrinkle areas were lower than the +UVB group. In an antioxidant analysis of mouse blood, SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly higher in the CTL80 topical application group compared to the +UVB group. The mRNA expression of MMPs in the +UVB group was significantly higher than the normal control group, and significantly lower in the CTL80-treated group. In conclusion, CTL80 exerted anti-wrinkle activity on ultraviolet-induced photoaging by regulating antioxidative defense systems and MMPs expression.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.274-283
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• 2014

Oxidative stress causes tissue damage and facilitates the progression of metabolic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular heart diseases, and obesity. Lipid accumulation and obesity-related complications have been observed in the presence of extensive oxidative stress. As part of an ongoing study to develop therapeutic supplements, Sargassum sp. were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as to suppress lipid accumulation. Three species, S. hemiphyllum, S. thunbergii, and Sargassum horneri, were shown to scavenge free radicals in a di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH) assay. In addition, Sargassum sp. was shown to scavenge intracellular ROS and to decrease nitric oxide (NO) production in $H_2O_2$ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, respectively. Taken together, the results suggest that Sargassum sp. possess huge potential to relieve oxidative stress and related complications, as well as lipid-induced oxidation. They indicate that S. hemiphyllum, S. thunbergii, and S. horneri are potent functional supplements that can produce beneficial health effects through antioxidant and antiobesity activities, with S. hemiphyllum being the most potent among the Sargassum sp. tested. A potential mechanism for the effect of Sargassum sp. on the suppression of lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes through deactivation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ (PPAR ${\gamma}$) is presented.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to raise the awareness of LOHAS(Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability) in the secondary school students. We extracted the related contents to LOHAS from the unit of 'The choice and maintenance of clothing' in the second-year's textbook of Technology-Home Economics, and selected the learning subjects. We also developed the new teaching-learning process plan on practical problem focused lesson, and applied them to the eight classes located in Siheung, Gyeonggi-do, for 5 hours per each class. The learning subjects of the teaching-learning process plan included five items as followings; general awareness, organic fashion, natural fabric, recycled material fashion, and natural dyeing, which were related to LOHAS consumption. The overall topic of the teaching-learning process plan was 'What should do to raise the awareness of LOHAS in order to practice LOHAS consumption in the choice of clothing'. Consequently, the results were abtained as follow; The general awareness of LOHAS as well as the awareness of LOHAS consumption in the choice of clothing increased after classes significantly, compared to those before. Thirty-four materials including worksheets, reading materials and teacher's guide could help to raise the awareness of LOHAS. Also these classes enabled the students to raise their awareness of LOHAS, to improve their opinions and attitudes on LOHAS consumption in the choice of clothing, and to take an interest in the lesson of Home-Economics. This study might have the educational significance in that it made the students directly participate in the national and social trend of the awareness of LOHAS, and upgrade their quality as good LOHAS consumers. Also further teaching-learning process plan in Home-Economics are necessary to promote the awareness of LOHAS for better health, environment, and society.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.323-334
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• 1996

Male Mongolian gerbils $(60{\sim}80g)$ were given DL-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; 250mg/kg, ip) and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG; 50 mg/k, ip), respectively, 1 h prior to transient (7 min) occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (OBC7) and a daily dose of one of them for 6 days after recirculation, and the polyamine contents, activities of ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases (ODC and SAM-DC), and light microscopic findings of the hippocampus were evaluated. The hippocampal putrescine (PT) levels of the control gerbils treated with saline (STGr), markedly increased after OBC7, showing a peak level at 24 h after recirculation. The peak PT level was reduced in DFMO treated gerbils (DTCr) and in MGBG treated gerbils (MTGr). And 7 days after recirculation, the PT level of DTGr was decreased to about 75% of the PT level in the sham operated group (nonTGr) and to about 55% of the STGr level, respectively. The hippocampal spermidine (SD) level of STGr tended to decline, showing the lowest value at 8 h after recirculation. But the spermidine (SD) level of DTGr was somewhat higher at 8 h after OBC7 than those of STGr and MTGr The hippocampal spermine (SM) levels of all the experimental groups were little changed for 7 days after OBC. OBC7 markedly increased the hippocampal ODC activity. reaching a maximum (about 3 times higher than preischemic level) at 8 h and rapidly recovered to the control value by 24 h in STGr gerbils, and the OBC7-induced increase of ODC activity was significantly attenuated by DFMO or MGBG treatment. Whereas OBC7 induced a rapid decrease of the hippocampal SAMDC activity follwed by gradual recovery to the preischemic level, and the decrease of the SAMDC activity was slightly attenuated by DFMO or MGBG treatment. 7 Days after OBC7 the histological finding of the hippocampal complex stained with cresyl violet showed an extensive delayed neuronal damage in the CA1 region and to a lesser extent, in the dentate gyrus, sparing the CA3 region. And the neuronal death was aggevated by DFMO but significantly attenuated by MGBG. The immunochemical reactivity of hippocampus to anti-GFAP antibody was significantly increased in the CA1 region and to a lesser extent, in the dentate gyrus 7 days after OBC7, but was little changed in the CA3. And the increase of the anti-GFAP immunoreactivity was moderately enhanced by DFMO and significantly suppressed by MGBG. These results suggest that the polyamine metabolism may play a modulatory role in the ischemic brain damage.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.768-775
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• 2012

Alginate, obtained from the seaweeds, is a widely used biomaterial for cell transplantation, since its positive effect on viability of capsulized cells and its easier encapsulation capability of living cells. Demineralized bone powder (DBP), derived from the natural bone tissue, is widely applied for clinical trials for its low rate of reaction and antigenicity. A chondrocyte was seeded into an alginate with DBP of different contents, and a microcapsule was produced. The adhesion and proliferation of cells was observed through the MTT analysis, and the PCR was applied to estimate the content of the glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen, and confirm the specific genetic pattern of the chondrocytes. Also, the alginate microcapsule where the chondrocyte is seeded was extracted after transplantation under the skin of a nude mouse, and was immunochemically stained. The experimental result confirmed that the alginate microcapsule containing 1% of DBP not only showed the highest proliferation of cell but had a positive effect of chondrocytes by the interaction between the alginates and the growth factor in DBP. It can be expected that the microcapsule with application of the alginates and DBP might be an appropriate scaffold for tissue engineering.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.160-169
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• 2009

Poly-$\gamma$-glutamic acid ($\gamma$-PGA) was mixed natural flora of Bacillus subtilis, contaminated from cooked soybeans. Also, it was performed to find out the antiallergic activity by using NC/Nga mice, in vitro. The $\gamma$-PGA (PGA-HM : PGA-high molecular weight), Molecular weight 300 kDa, was decomposed and made PGA-LM (PGA-low molecular weight) which has molecular weight below 30 kDa by sonication. Therefore, it was same result between PGA-HM and PGA-LM, and reported PGA-LM as basic result. We found that PGA-LM contains antiallergic efficacy that inhibit B cells and Th2 cells activation from isolated CD4+T cells in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis model mice, and not show a cytotoxicity in the hFCs. To investigate the effects of these PGA-LM in vitro, isolation of splenic B cell and CD4+ T cells in atopic dermatitis mice were used. To elucidate the role of PGA-LM in anti-CD40+ interleukin-4 (IL-4)-mediated B-cell activation, showed that the capacity of B cells to expression IL-$1\beta$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA down-regulated, and IL-10 mRNA up-regulation by PGA-LM treatment, but it had no effect on TGF-$\beta$ expression. In addition to CD4+IFN-$\gamma$+ and CD4+CD25+foxp3+, the functions of PGA-LM in the development of the CD4+CD25+foxp3+ and CD4+IFN-$\gamma$+cells, the phenotype and functions of PGA-LM induced CD4+CD25+foxp3+, and CD4+IFN-$\gamma$+cells in CD4+T cells. These results suggested that PGA-LM could change cytokine production and generate CD4+CD25+foxp3+ Tregs in NC/Nga mice, and may be effective for immunotherapy in patients with AD.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.273-289
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• 1994

Reversible brain ischemia was produced by occluding both common carotid arteries for 5 min, and the effects of aminoguanidine (AG), $DL-{\alpha}-difluoromethylornithine$ (DFMO), MK-801, and nimodipine (NM) on the ischemia induced changes of the polyamine, glutamate and acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus CA1 subfield and the specific $[^3H]\;MK-801$ binding to the hippocampus synaptosomal membranes were studied with a histological reference of the cresyl violet stained hippocampus. The basal putrescine level $(PT:\;74.4{\pm}8.8\;nM)$ showed a rapid increase (up to 1.7 fold) for 5 min of ischemia, remained significantly increased for 6 h, and then resumed the further increase to amount gradually up to about 3 fold 96 h after recirculation. However, the level of spermidine was little changed, and the spermine level showed a transient increase during ischemia followed by a sustained decrease to about 40% of the preischemic level after recirculation. The increase of PT level induced by brain ischemia was enhanced with AG or MK-801, but it was reduced by DFMO or NM. The basal glutamate level $(GT:\;0.90{\pm}0.l4\;{\mu}M)$ rapidly increased to a peak level of $8.19{\pm}1.14\;{\mu}M$ within 5 min after onset of the ischemia and then decreased to the preischemic level in about 25 min after recirculation. And NM reduced the ischemia induced increase of GT level by about 25%, but AG, DFMO and MK-801 did not affect the GT increase. The basal acetylcholine level $(ACh:\;118.0{\pm}10.5\;{\mu}M)$ did little change during/after brain ischemia and was little affected by AG or NM. But DFMO and MK-801, respectively, produced the moderate decrease of ACh level. The specific $[^3H]\;MK-801$ binding to the hippocampus synaptosomal membrane was little affected by brain ischemia for 5 min. The control value (78.9 fmole/mg protein) was moderately decreased by AG and MK-801, respectively but was little changed by DFMO or NM. The microscopic findings of the brains extirpated on day 7 after ischemia showed severe neuronal damage of the hippocampus, particularly CA1 subfield. NM and AG moderately attenuated the delayed neuronal damage, and DFMO, on the contrary, aggravated the ischemia induced damage. However, MK-801 did not protect the hippocampus from ischemic damage. These results suggest that unlike to the mode of anti-ischemic action of NM, AG might protect the hippocampus from ischemic injury as being negatively regulatory on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function in the hippocampus.