• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.493-504
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• 2020

Gastrodia elata Bl. (GE) is a traditional herbal medicine used for the treatment hypertension and cerebrovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect and blood pressure control ability of the GABA containing fermented Gastrodia elata Blume. The fermentation strain provided by Dr. Gi in Seoul National University is L. brevis GABA100, excellent strain of GABA production, which is involved in the ability to degrade gastrodin glycosides and activation of brain function. The Gastrodia elata Blume fermented by Lactobacillus brevis GABA 100 showed antioxidant activity (total phenolic contents, DPPH radical and ABTS anion scavenging activities) than unfermented Gastrodia elata Blume. In the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the concentration of fermented Gastrodia elata Blume was administered at 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure decreased statistically significantly (p<0.05), especially 2 weeks after feeding fermented Gastrodia elata Blume. Also, it showed a significant decrease in low, medium, and high concentrations of fermented Gastrodia elata Blume at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. These results indicated that Gastrodia elata Blume fermented by the excellent strain of GABA production L. brevis GABA100 shows the antioxidant function and the effect of suppressing the increase in blood pressure.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.818-827
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of freeze-dried Gastrodiae rhizoma powder (GR) on the liver function and alcohol metabolism in alcohol treated rats. Methods: The rats were administered various concentrations of GR (100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg/kg B.W.) for 3 days 1 hour before 50% (v/v) ethanol (3 g/kg B.W.) administration. Two tests focusing on liver function and alcohol metabolism in acute alcohol treatment were carried out. Results: Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity was significantly increased by alcohol treatment, and was decreased by 100 mg GR administration. Acute ethanol treatment led to significant increase in alcohol and acetaldehyde levels of serum and liver. However, 100 mg GR administration led to a significant reduction in increased alcohol level in the serum with decreased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and increased acetaldehyde level in liver was significantly reduced by three levels. Conclusion: These results suggest that GR can be effective in enhancing liver function and alcohol metabolism in the alcohol-treated rats. Studies on the appropriate dosage of GR should further be developed to treat alcohol detoxification and stimulate liver function.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1311-1316
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• 2005

This study was designed to potentiate the vasodilation effect of Banhabackchulchunma-Tang(BCT) prescription by change of mixture. Six different BCT compositions were made according to mixture of herbs. The vascular relaxation effects of 6 different BCT compositions were examined on phenylephrine(PE)-precontracted rat thoracic aorta. The BCT-1 composition exerted significant relaxation on phenylephrine- or KCI- contracted rat thoracic aorta. Its elaxation was endothelium- independent in both PE- and KCl-induced contraction. Treatment of glibenclamide or tetraethylammonium(TEA) did not affect the relaxation of BCT-1. Vasorelaxation efficacy of BCT-1 was also not influenced by low (25mM) or high (50mM, 80mM) KCl-induced contraction. Furthermore, the contraction by increasing $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations (0.3-10.0mM) to a $Ca^{2+}$-free high K+ (60mM) was significantly reduced by pretreatment with BCT-1 In addition, the relaxant effects were not inhibited by pretreatment of rat aorta with L-NAME, MB, indomethacin and atropine. These results confirm that BCT-1 may exerts its vasodilation effect by endothelium-independent manner. According to the above results, we suggest that the relaxation effect of BCT-1 is endothelium-independent and is related with block of $Ca^{2+}$ influx via $Ca^{2+}$ channel.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.614-620
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• 2014

Kainic acid (KA) is a excitatory agonist causing epileptic seizure and excitotoxicity in the hippocampus. Gastrodia Elata (GE) is known to have anti-convulsant and anti-oxidant effects. This study was investigated a possible role of GE in suppressing epileptic seizure using KA-induced epilepsy mouse model. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administrated GE (50 or 500 mg/kg) once a day for 5 days, and then injected KA (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Behavioral changes in mice by KA were evaluated for 90 minutes immediately after the KA administration. Six hours after the KA administration, their brains were harvested and the expressions of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD-67) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in the hippocampus of the mice were measured by immunohistochemistry.GE delayed the onset of epileptic seizure after KA administration, suppressed the severity of the seizure and decreased the number of severe seizures dose dependently. Moreover, GAD-67 and KCC2 expressions in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and CA3 of 500 mg/kg GE administrated mice were significantly increased compared to those in KA-treated mice.GAD-67 and KCC2 play an important role in regulating GABAergic system. Our results suggest that GE has anti-convulsant effect against KA-induced epileptic seizure through enhancing GABAergic system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 1997

Methanol extract of G. elata inhibited the binding of [/sup 3/H]Rol5-1788, a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonest, to benzodiazepine receptor of rat cortices. Saturation experiments followed by Scatchard analysis of the results showed that the inhibition of [sub 3/H]Ro15-1788 binding by G. dlata. appeared to be com-petitive. These competitive inhibiton of the butanol fraction was observed to be higher than the methanol extract. Methanol extract of G. efara inhibited a [sub 3/H]flunitrazepam, a selective benzodiazepine receptor agonist, binding to benzodiazepine receptor. GABA significantly enhanced the inhibition of [/sub 3/H]flunitrazepam binding by G. elata, and these "positive GABA shift" supported the strong possibility of agonestic activity to benzodiazepine receptor Butanol fraction was observed to be higher than crude extract by methanol in an agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor, furthermore enhanced the binding of [sub 3/H]SR95531 to GABA receptor. Butanol fraction of G. elata significantly diminished the pentylenetetrazole-induced lethality of mice. From these results, it can be concluded that substance or substances with neurochemical properties characteri- stic of a benzodiazepine receptor agonist may be important components, and contribute to the anticonvulsant property of G. elata.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.106-112
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• 1989

To investigate varietal differences of anther size, pollen shape, pollen fertility and other agronomic characters under low temperature condition. twenty rice varieties (5 Tongil and 15 Japonica type) were treated at 19$^{\circ}C$ water temperature from booting to heading stage. There was varietal difference of low temperature response which was indicated by the delayed heading, the shortening of culm and panicle length. and the decrease of grain fertility and yield potential resulted from cooling treatment at booting stage. The varieties with low fertility damaged by the low temperature treatment at booting stage showed low pollen density per anther. small or abnormal anthers and pollen, and many sterile pollens. Anther length was correlated significantly with the number of pollens per anther and pollen fertility.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 1987

Chemical compositions of Japonica and J/Indica brown rices were compared. No significant differences were noted for amino acid composition of brown rice among varieties. The first and second limiting amino acids of brown rice were lysine and isoleucine, respectively. The major fatty acids of brown rice were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid, which comprised of 96% of total fatty acid. The contents of saturated fatty acids were lower in Japonica varieties. The average value of calcium over phosphorus was 0.052.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.545-556
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Gastrodia elata Blume concentrate on quality characteristics of Gastrodia elata Blume jelly. The Gastrodia elata Blume jelly samples were divided into five groups by adding different Gastrodia elata Blume concentrates. The five groups were divided into GBJ-0, GBJ-5, GBJ-10, GBJ-15, and GBJ-20 (Gastrodia elata Blume jelly with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% Gastrodia elata Blume concentrate). The highest contents of crude protein and crude ash, and the brix in the GBJ-20 sample were 0.34 and 0.59%, and 22.28$^{\circ}$ Brix, respectively. The crude fiber and pH change (4.65-4.76) were not significantly observed in any of the GBJ samples. Turbidity, degree of brownness, and total phenolics increased with an increasing the amount of extract. A significant difference was observed between samples with and without the extracts in terms of hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness, as well as K, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Zn contents. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness increased in all GBJ samples with an increase the amount of extract added, whereas adhesiveness decreased. The highest tartaric acid content in the GBJ-0 sample and malic acid in the GBJ-20 jelly sample were 15.58 mg/100 g and 137.45 mg/100 g, respectively. The levels of Ca, K, and Mg increased with an increase in the amount of added extract. The highest score for overall acceptance (4.13) was in the GBJ-10 sample with 10% Gastrodia elata Blume concentrate.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was carried out in order to examine the effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma(GR) ethanol extract on neuronal apoptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)-induced rats. Methods: ICH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type VII in Sprague-Dawley rats. GR was orally given once a day for 3 days after ICH. Histological changes of the peri-hematoma regions were observed by cresyl vioIet staining. Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), B-cell blastoma 2(BcI-2) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) expressions in the affected regions were performed by immunohistochemistry. Results: 1. GR reduced apoptotic bodies and swelling neurons in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 2. GR significantly reduced TUNEL positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 3. GR significantly reduced Bax positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. 4. GR did not influence Bcl-2 expression in the peri-hematoma regions of ICH-induced rats. Conclusions: These results suggest that GR has neuroprotective effects against ICH-induced apoptosis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2005

Based on the specific plant species for environmental assesment by the Ministry of Environment(MoE), a total of 68 taxa were identified; 29 taxa for the floristic degree(FD) I, 12 taxa for the FD II, 11 taxa for the FD III, 9 taxa for the FD IV and 6 taxa for the FD V. The endangered plant species, in Woraksan National Park, such as Lilium cernum and Berchemia berchemiaefolia are categorized as the Conservation Degree (CD) II which is designated by the MoE. The rare and endangered species such as Crypsinus hastatus, Lilium cernum, Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Lilium callossum, Gastrodia elata, Aristolochia contorta, Koelreuteria paniculata, Rhododendron tschonoskii, Scopolia japonica, Cypripedium macranthum, Paeonia japonica and Thymus quinquecostatus including 12 plant taxa are categorized as Rare and Endangered Plant Species by the Korea Forest Service.