• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the degree of Graves' Disease affecting mental health through the results of multiphasic military personality inventory (MPI) in 19-year-old men. Methods : We collected and analyzed the results of the MPI for 592 healthy subjects and 148 Graves' disease patients among the 19-year-old men who visited the Military Manpower Administration from February 2008 to January 2010. Results : Among demographic characteristics, both Graves' disease and control group are 19-year-old men. Educational level, socioeconomic status, parental relationship, and BMI were not statistically different between the two groups (χ²=0.089, p=0.766; χ²=5.090, p=0.278; χ²=5.988, p=0.112 ; t=-0.635, p=0.526). In the MPI, among validity scales, the score of the faking-good subscale was significantly lower in the Graves' group (t=3.507, p<0.001), but in the faking-bad and infrequency subscales scores were not significantly different between two groups (t=-1.700, p=0.090; t=-0.519, p=0.604). Among the neurosis scale, anxiety, depression, somatization, and personality disorder subscale scores were all significantly higher in Graves' disease group (t=-3.323, p<0.001; t=-4.210, p<0.001; t=-6.202, p<0.001; t=-2.872, p<0.01). Among the psychopath scale, each score of schizophrenia and paranoia subscales were not statistically different between the two groups (t=-0.158, p=0.874; t=-0.846, p=0.398). Conclusions : According to MPI result, we can confirm that Graves' disease patients in 19-year-old-men may appear features such as anxiety, depression, somatization and personality tendency (introversion or impulsivity) than the control group.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.864-881
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims is to provide a total care solution preventing disaster based on Big Data and AI technology and to service safety considered by individual situations and various risk characteristics. The purpose is to suggest a method that customized comprehensive index services to prevent and respond to safety accidents for calculating the living safety index that quantitatively represent individual safety levels in relation to daily life safety. Method: In this study, we use method of mixing AHP(Analysis Hierarchy Process) and Likert Scale that extracted from consensus formation model of the expert group. We organize evaluation items that can evaluate life safety prevention services into risk indicators, vulnerability indicators, and prevention indicators. And We made up AHP hierarchical structure according to the AHP decision methodology and proposed a method to calculate relative weights between evaluation criteria through pairwise comparison of each level item. In addition, in consideration of the expansion of life safety prevention services in the future, the Likert scale is used instead of the AHP pair comparison and the weights between individual services are calculated. Result: We obtain result that is weights for life safety prevention services and reflected them in the individual risk index calculated through the artificial intelligence prediction model of life safety prevention services, so the comprehensive index was calculated. Conclusion: In order to apply the implemented model, a test environment consisting of a life safety prevention service app and platform was built, and the efficacy of the function was evaluated based on the user scenario. Through this, the life safety index presented in this study was confirmed to support the golden time for diagnosis, response and prevention of safety risks by comprehensively indication the user's current safety level.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.spc1
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• pp.1251-1260
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• 2022

Recently, due to the deterioration of watermains and the detachment of scale which is accumulated on the watermain surface, water quality accidents in a water supply network occur frequently. As scale accumulated on watermains is stabilized, it may not cause water quality accidents under the normal operating condition. However, due to water hammer or transient flow caused by the abrupt velocity and/or direction of flow change, it can be detached from the watermain surface resulting in water quality accidents. To prevent these kinds of water quality accidents, it is required to remove scale by watermain cleaning regularly. Many researches about flushing which is the most popular water cleaning method are focused on the desirable velocity criteria and the cleaning condition to accomplish the effect of flushing whereas less amount of research effort is given to develop a method to consider whether the desirable velocity for flushing can be obtained before flushing is performed. During flushing, the major and minor headloss is occurred when flushing water flows through a hydrant or drain valve. These headloss may slow down the velocity of flushing water so that it can reduce the flushing effect. Thus, in this study, we suggest a method to simulate the flow velocity of flushing water using "MinorLoss Coefficient" and "Emitter Coefficient" in EPANET. The suggested method is applied to a sample network and the water supply network of "A" city in Korea to compare the flushing effect between "flushing through a hydrant" and "flushing through a drain valve". In case of "flushing through a hydrant", if the hydraulic condition ocurring from a watermain pipe connecting to the inlet pipe of a hydrant to the outlet of a hydrant is not considered, the actual flowrate and velocity of a flow is less than the simulated flowrate and velocity of a flow. In case of "flushing through a drain valve", the flushing velocity and flowrate can be easily simulated and the difference between the simulated and the actual velocity and flowrate is not significant. Also, "flushing through a drain valve" is very effective to flushing a long-length pipe section because of its efficiency to obtain the flushing velocity. However, the number and location of a drain valve is limited compared to a hydrant so that "flushing through a drain valve" has a limited application in the field. For this reason, the engineer should consider various field conditions to come up with a proper flushing plan.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-59
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to (1) explore the perceptions of Korean men and women about what is an important relationship for them and how do each gender group construe relational self, and (2) develop the scale to assess the factors of relational self and verify construct validity of the scale. 40 college students and 60 adults participated in survey and FGI (Focused Group Interview) respectively, and content analysis of their responses yielded 2 categories with 39 characteristics of relational self. The one category was named 'instrumentality' which was important to men and the other was named 'expressivity' which was important to women. The list of 39 items was administered to a nationwide sample of 1503 Korean adults to assess their construal of relational self through the 6-point Likert scale. Principal axis factor analysis showed that the two categories were unidimensional with high reliability. As a result of factor analysis on each category, a total of 9 factors were extracted. Specifically, the instrumentality consisted of factors such as utilitarianism, independence, initiativeness, self-assurance, and competence. And the factors of expressivity were empathy, passiveness, dependency, consideration. The tests of mean difference revealed that men had higher scores in most of the instrumental factors, while women had higher scores in most of the expressive factors. But there was no sex difference in the interdependent self-construal scale(Cross, 2000) which has been frequently used for measuring relational self. This is related to the Korean's collective cultural characteristics, and it was concluded that the relationship with others is very important to both Korean men and women, but the meaning and expectation of the relationship as well as the method for its preservation are different to each sex group. In addition, the correlation analyses indicated that the feminity score was positively correlated with the expressiveness while the masculinity score was positively correlated with instrumentality. This result implicated the differences of relational self among Korean people were related to the socialization process of each sex, i.e., sex role identity. Finally, limitations of this study and the directions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to propose policy directions for the design and construction of nature-friendly park facilities (PF) in national parks. In order to do that, nature-friendliness evaluation indicators(NEIs) used in green building rating systems and related articles were reviewed. After the initial literature review was complete, NEIs for park facilities based on location, design, construction, operation, and management sectors were developed. Data was obtained through a questionnaire completed by 79 managers at 19 national parks in Korea in 2008. The answers were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, a t-test, a multi-dimensional analysis, and a factor analysis. This research found that: 1) The results indicated that based on relative weight calculation, the location condition was evaluated as the most important; 2) The evaluation results regarding the degree of nature-friendliness of park facilities showed that location condition was ranked higher than design and construction--in addition, the evaluated values of indicators related to energy efficiency were ranked the lowest; 3) the level of nature-friendliness of shelter was given the highest level, but resting facility was the lowest level; 4) Overall, park facilities at Mt. Seorak, Mt. Odae, and Taean Coast national parks showed high levels of nature-friendliness. But park facilities at Mt. Gyeongju and Mt. Songni national parks showed low levels of nature-friendliness. The results of this research shall contribute to the establishment of tailor-made management policies, the development of detailed guidelines for increased energy efficiency and visitor satisfaction, and the preservation of ecosystems and natural resources in Korea's national parks.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.253-271
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• 2011

This study examined the effects of infants' and toddlers' temperament and mothers' parenting self-efficacy on parenting behavior. Two hundred and thirty-two mothers with infants and toddlers completed the questionnaires regarding children's temperament, parenting self-efficacy and parenting behavior. The collected data were analysed by correlations and pathway analysis. The results were as follows: First, infants' and toddlers' temperament directly and indirectly through mothers' parenting self-efficacy affected affectionate and permissive-uninvolved parenting behavior. Second, mothers' parenting self-efficacy directly affected affectionate, authoritarian and permissive-uninvolved parenting behavior and mediated between children's temperament and mothers' parenting behavior. Additionally the most important variable predicting mothers' affectionate and permissive-uninvolved parenting behavior was infants' and toddlers' temperament, and the most important variable for authoritarian parenting behavior was mothers' parenting self-efficacy.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.133-151
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the conflict resolution program on children's psychological well-being, empathy, and aggression. The subjects of this study were 2 classes from fourth grade D elementary school in Daegu. One class(31 students) was placed in an experimental group and the other class(32 students) was placed in a control group. The research design of this study is based on a pre-test and a post-test between the both groups. With the test data, the students feedbacks were collected to identify the subject's responds to the program. Item data were analyzed by repeated measures MANOVA(two-factor mixed design). The quantitative results of this study were as follows: First, compared to the control group, the experimental group that participated in the conflict resolution program showed a significant improvement in psychological well-being. Second, compared to the control group, the experimental group that participated in the conflict resolution program showed a significant improvement in empathy. compared to the control group, the experimental group that participated in the conflict resolution program showed a significant decrease in aggression. These results were supported and intensified by qualitative data based on comment papers and questionnaire. In conclusion, the conflict resolution program can be an effective tool for the improvement of psychological well-being and empathy, and the decrease of aggression.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 1993

There are a lot of serious problums associated with conventional pulping processes, such as kraft and sulfite. In order to tackle these difficulties, organic acid pulping of Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Pinus densiflora S. et Z. have been investigated as on alternative method. The acetic acid cooking of Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee achieved good delignification with pulp yields of 55-65% under almost all cooking conditions. In the acetic acid cooking of Pinus densiflora S. et Z., it was not cooked at a low temperature. The strength properties of the acetic acid pulps from Pinus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee showed the optimum with 95% acetic acid concentration at $185^{\circ}C$ maximum cooking temperature for 0.5hr cooking time. The strength properties of the acetic acid pulps from Pinus densiflora S. et Z. displayed excellent tear strength in comparison with those of the other softwoods. In the process of acetic acid cooking, glucose has been removed a little, but other sugars have been eliminated. The elemental compositions and $C_9$ formulas of acetosolv lignins from Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee were 63.88% carbon, 5.45% hydrogen and 30.67% oxygen and $C_9H_{9.15}O_{3.24}$ The elemental compositions and $C_9$ formulas of acetosolv lignins from Pinus densiflora S. et Z. were 61.85% carbon, 6.14% hydrogen and 32.01% oxygen and $C_9H_{9.15}O_{3.50}$ The Wt. av. MWT's of the acetosolv lignins from Pinus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Pinus densiflora S. et Z. were 731 and 725.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale as a tool to diagnose Asperger disorder. Methods : Subjects consisted of 15 Asperger disorder, 20 PDD & PDD NOS, 20 Communication disorder children who visited the department of child psychiatric outpatient clinic. The age range of the children was between 5 years 1 month and 15 years 6 month. The K-ASDS, the Korean version of Asperger disorder inventory (K-ADI), and K-CARS were administered to mothers of all children by clinical psychologists. Results The internal consistency of the ASDS was high (Chronbach's $\alpha=0.88$) and the range internal consistencies of each subscales of K-ASDS were from .83 to 66. Correlation coefficients between K-ASDS and KADI was significant. Discriminant analysis showed that the Korean version of ASDS significantly discriminate Asperger disorder from PDD and Communication disorder, and the percentage of correct classification were $71\%$. Conclusion : The results of this study proved that the Korean version of ASDS was a reliable and valid measure for Asperger disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2000

Objectives：The major goal of this study was to investigate the treatment outcome of psychiatric treatment in inpatients with conduct disorder and to elucidate factors affecting its prognosis. Methods：We reviewed the medical records of 300 inpatients with conduct disorder who had been treated with a specialized adolescent treatment program. Follow-up structured telephone interview had been performed in 96 patients. Results：1) At the point of follow-up, 90% of the patients were improved in behavioral patterns, 2% of the patients were worse, and 8% of the patients were unchanged. 2) Intrafamilial relationship was improved in 70% of the patients, worse in 2%, and unchanged in 28%. 3) Fifty-seven percent of families thought to be helped by psychiatric inpatient treatment, 6% replied to be harmed, and 37% thought not to be helpful. 4) Comparing the good prognosis group who were all better in behavioral patterns, intrafamilial relationship, and efficacy of treatment with the rest of subjects, the good prognosis group was significantly younger and had more history of problems in familial structure. Conclusion：Although the present study had some meterological limits, the promising positive results in the outcome of inpatients with conduct disorder encourages further more sophisticated investigations in this problematic psychiatric conditions.