• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2013

Objectives : In present study, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on early-stage inflammatory response in spinal cord compression of rodents. Methods : Spinal cord injury(SCI) was induced by a vascular clip method(30 g, 5 min) on the spinal cord of mice. Rg3 was treated orally at 1 hour prior to the SCI induction. Messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-1${\beta}$(IL-1${\beta}$), interleukin-6(IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) was measured by the real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Microglia in the spinal cord tissue, neurophils and COX-2 in the peri-lesion and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) expression in the ventral horn of SCI induced rats were measured by immunohistochemical stain. Results : 1. Rg3 significantly reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, and COX-2 in the spinal cord tissue compared with SCI group(p<0.05, p<0.01). 2. Rg3 significantly reduced the total number of activated microglia and proportion of phagocytic form in the total activated microglia compared with SCI group(p<0.05, p<0.01). 3. Rg3 significantly reduced myeloperoxidase(MPO) positive neurophil in the peri-lesion compared with SCI group(p<0.05). 4. Rg3 reduced the COX-2 expression in the tissue and motor neurons compared with SCI group. 5. Rg3 significantly reduced iNOS positive motor neurons in the ventral horn compared with SCI group(p<0.01). Conclusions : In conclusion, we demonstrated at first that treatment of ginsenoside Rg3 could reduce significantly the levels of inflammatory mediators in a spinal cord compression model of rodents. Therefore, these results suggested that ginsenoside Rg3 may be a useful antimiflamatory therapeutic candidate for SCI.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.309-313
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• 2000

The metastasis of uterine leiornyosarcorna to the neck node has not been reported previously and the radiotherapy has been rarely used for the metastatic lesion of the other sites. We report a case of neck metastasis from a uterine leiornyosarcorna, which developed 10 months after surgery and postoperative pelvic radiotherapy. It also involved the parapharyngeal space, adjacent spine, and spinal canal. The metastatic neck mass was inoperable, and was treated by neck radiotherapy (6,000 cGy) and chemotherapy including taxol and carboplatin. The mass has regressed progressively to a nearly impalpable state. She has never developed spinal cord compression syndrome, and has maintained good swallowing for eight months since the neck radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Since the extensive metastatic neck mass showed good local response to high dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy, both treatments may be considered for an unresectable metastatic leiornyosarcorna.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

목적 : 브라운시쿼드는 대부분 척추손상과 수질외 척추 종양에서 주로 나타난다. 드물게 경추 디스크가 브라운시쿼드의 원인이 된다. 경추디스크에 의한 브라운시쿼드 증세의 수술후 물리치료 및 도수치료 결과를 보고하기 위함이다. 방법 : 50세 남자로써 브라운시쿼드 증세로 진단을 받고 수술후 좌측 팔과 다리에 운동신경에 의한 마비증세가 있었으며(팔>다리), 우측으로 감각과 온도감각이 저하된 경우이다(팔>다리). 측정방법은 통증지수(VAS), 근력(Distal PowerTracII$^{TM}$ test), 지구력(Ergometer) 측정과 심리상태(설문)를 치료전과 후를 비교하였다. 물리치료에서는 기능적 전기자극 치료와 도수치료 및 운동치료 방법을 실시하였다. 도수치료는 통증완화와 근력강화를 위한 MET, MFR, Mobilization 등을 실시하였으며, 운동은 슬링시스템 등을 이용한 운동과 견관절의 불안정을 위해 안정화운동을 실시하였다. 결과 : 이 케이스는 수술후 이상 징후가 척수압박으로 인하여 보다 넓게 통증이 나타났으며, 운동 및 감각신경이 둔해지고 온도에 대한 감각이 반대편 결손으로 나타났으며, 좌측 어깨, 팔 견갑부의 근육 마비와 우측의 감각이 떨어진 현상이 나타났다. 물리치료 후 단기목표와 장기목표에 있어서 통증과 운동 및 감각 기능이 회복되어 각각 팔 통증에서는 VAS 8 ${\rightarrow}$ 1, 상지 하지의 운동기능은 Trace ${\rightarrow}$ Good 로 평가 회복되었으며, 근력측정에서 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 모든 치료과정 결과에서 심리적 상태의 설문에서도 높은 점수를 얻어 긍정적 신뢰가 높아 진 것으로 나타났다. 검사결과 다리의 근력이 증가는 걷기 운동 및 에르고메터의 지구력 및 균형이 레벨1의 10분 수행능력이 레벨 20에서 30분 수행능력으로 향상되어 일상적인 활동이 가능해졌다. 결론 : 예상하지 못했던 수술 후유증(side effects)에 대한 치료과정이 환자의 심리에 심각한 부정적인 생각이 신체의 기능과 감정의 손상에 영향을 미치기 때문에 체계적이고 장기적인 치료 과정에서 기능적 향상과 더불어 정신적인 심리의 정서 안정이 매우 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.361-365
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• 2019

Spinal adhesive arachnoiditis is an inflammation and fibrosis of the subarachnoid space and pia mater caused by infection, trauma, spinal vascular anomalies, and iatrogenic (surgery and/or puncture). Adhesive arachnoiditis develops various symptoms and signs (gait disturbances, radiating pain, paralysis, and incontinence). On the other hand, adhesive arachnoiditis associated with cauda equina syndrome has not been reported in Korea until now. The authors experienced cauda equina syndrome caused by adhesive arachnoiditis of the lumbar spine with satisfactory results following decompression. We report this case with a review of the relevant literature.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.209-219
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• 1997

Objectives: Anterior approach to achieve arthrodesis of the cervical spine has become a widely accepted and often-used approach since its earliest reports by Bailey and Badgley, Smith and Robinson and Cloward. However, anterior interbody fusion in the presence of the posterior instability may be complicated by the bone graft dislodgement, kyphotic defomity or nonunion. As an attemp to prevent this undesirable complication, additional methods such as skeletal traction, halo appratus or even posterior fusion has been utilized. Therefore, The cervical spine locking plate(CSLP) with the anterior intervertebral body bone grafting provide immediate cervical stabilization and widely successful in achieving fusion. Material and methods: This study analysed 14 patients who underwent a single anterior procedure and application of CSLP for the treatment of the cervical spinal disorder. Eleven patients were disc herniations and three patients were traumatic lesion. The average age of the patient was 47 years and the mean follow up periods was 20 months ranging from 13 to 27 months. Results: Ambulation was started 2nd day after the operation with the aid of the Philadelpia orthoses. Bone union was observed 13 cases on average 12 weeks after operation. The one case was nonunion with plate breakage without clinical symptom. Conclusion: Anterior fusion with CSLP are thought to be a safe and valuable method for treating cervical spine disorder.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(Huanglianjiedu-tang HHT) water extract on locomotor dysfunction induced by spinal cord injury(SCI) in rats. Methods : SCI was induced by mechanical contusion following laminectomy of 10th thoracic vertebra in Sprague-Dawley rats. HHT was orally given once a day for 14 days after SCI. Neurological behavior was examined with the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Tissue damage and nerve fiber degeneration were examined with cresyl violet and luxol fast blue staining. Using immunohistochemisty, cellular damage to neurons and nerve fibers were examined against Bax and MAP-2. As inflammatory response markers, iNOS and COX-2 expressions were also examined. Results : 1. HHT ameliorated the locomotor dysfunction of the SCI-induced rats. 2. HHT attenuated the reduction of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 3. HHT significantly reduced the number of Bax positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 4. HHT attenuated the reduction of MAP-2 positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 5. HHT significantly reduced the number of iNOS and COX-2 positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. Conclusions : These results suggest that HHT improves the locomotor dysfunction of SCI by protecting motor neurons from cell death through anti-inflammatory effect.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.273-275
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• 2009

A 6-year-old castrated male Shih-tzu was presented because of a 1-month history of progressive tetraplegia. On the basis of the findings of neurological examination, radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging, herniated intervertebral disc of C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 compressed spinal cord. The oxygen-ozone was intra-operatively injected into the C4-C5 and C6-C7 intervertebral disc and a ventral decompression performed at C5-C6 intervertebral space. Immediately after the surgery, neck pain was disappeared and three weeks after surgery, there was complete resolution of the neurological deficits with normal gaits. On magnetic resonance images at 2-month after surgery, herniated disc materials of C5-C6 and C6-C7 were completely removed and that of C4-C5 remarkably reduced. Consequently decompression which was performed at all of the three lesions resulted in good clinical outcome without additional internal fixation for minimizing postoperative instability.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of root of Cibotii rhizoma(CR) ethanol extract on the tissue and neuronal damage of the spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods : SCI was induced by mechanical contusion following laminectomy of 10th thoracic vertebra in Sprague-Dawley rats. CR was orally given once a day for 7 days after SCI. Tissue damage and nerve fiber degeneration were examined with cresyl violet and luxol fast blue(LFS) histochemistry. HSP72(as neuronal damage marker), MAP2(as nerve fiber degeneration marker), c-Fos(immediate early gene), and Bax(pro-apoptotic molecule) expressions were examined using immuno-histochemistry. Individual immuno-positive cells expressing HSP72, MAP2, c-Fos and Bax were observed on the damaged level and the upper thoracic and lower lumbar spinal segments. Results : 1. CR reduced degeneration of nerve fibers and motor neuron shrinkage in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar spinal segment, but generally it did not seem to ameliorate the tissue injury following SCI. 2. CR reduced demyelination in the ventral and lateral funiculus of the lower lumbar spinal segment. 3. CR reduced HSP72 expression on the neurons in the peri-central canal gray matter adjacent to the damaged region. 4. CR strengthened MAP2 expression on the motor neurons in the ventral horn and on nerve fibers in the lateral funiculus of the lower lumbar spinal segment. 5. CR reduced c-Fos positive cells in the peri-lesion and the dorsal horn of the damaged level and in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar spinal segment. 6. CR reduced Bax positive cells in the peri-lesion and the dorsal horn of the damaged level and in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar spinal segment. Conclusions : These results suggest that CR plays an inhibitory role against secondary neuronal damage and nerve fiber degeneration. following SCI.