• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2004

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between the level of activity daily living and powerlessness of spinal cord injury patients'. Method: The subjects for the study consisted of 68 persons agreed above twenty below seventy had had spinal cord injury. The data were collected from November 1, 2003 to January 30, 2004. The instruments used for this study were ADL check List and Powerlessness Scale. The data were analysed by using SPSS computerlized program and included number, percentage, t-test and ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: The mean of activity daily living was paraplegia $49.53{\pm}10.91$ and tetraplegia $25.65{\pm}13.24$. The mean of powerlessness was paraplegia $35.22{\pm}9.50$ and tetraplegia $37.55{\pm}9.01$. In the relationship between activity daily living and powerlessness were significant difference. Conclusion: in order to increase the level of activity daily living of rehabilization nurse should be helpful to provide them. Also, it could be identified that informational support was important, that is, the lesser the informational support, spinal cord injury patient don't feel the powerlessness.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 2009

Purpose: This study is aimed at life adaptation process of women with the spinal cord injury. Method: The subjects were 6 women in Kyeonggi and they had interview individually. The study was conducted during June to November in 2009 and developed substantial theory in women's life adaptation process by applying ground research methodology. Result: Motivation for such a change was their psychological pain, which is the central phenomenon. Social activities sustained them during such a process, while social support and experience of achievement acted as an intervention condition. During the initial period, they had a vague expectation that the condition of their accidental spinal cord injury would be improved. Then the expectation had failed, they experienced psychological pain, finding out the reality about the disabled and social difficulties awaiting them. Since then they began to love themselves, pursuing a changed life of hope, achievement and serving. Conclusion: Its result is expected to serve as a basic data for rehabilitation nursing, so that they may conduct independent lives, with a love toward themselves. Repetitive research would be necessary concerning the adaptation process of women in order for the criteria presented to become richer, and for the relations among the criteria to become more refined.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.454-460
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• 1990

The effed of acrylamide on the nervous system has heen morphologically studied using light and electron microscopes. The light micrographs on central and pedpheral nervous tissues of mouse treated with acrylamide monomer showed total vacuolation of spinal cord, cell degradation containing neuron and neuroglia, and distal nerve fiber degeneration. The electron micrographs showed ultrastrudural changes. Abnormal mitochondria in neuron, splitting of myelin sheath in lumbar ventral root nerve, partial disintergration of myelin sheath and axoplasmic degeneration in sciatic nerve, and overafl polyneuropathies in nervous system were observed. These results suggest that acrylarnide intoxicated mouse shows distal behavioral neuropathy as an earlist clinical sign, but the initial effect of acrylamide on the nervous system seems to appear at nearly the same time in both central and peripheral nervous systems.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify levels of hope, self-esteem, and quality of life, and to find correlations among these variables in people with spinal cord injury. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The data were collected by survey interview in 2010 from 120 people with spinal cord injury living in the community. To measure hope, self-esteem and quality of life, the Dispositional Hope Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, and World Health Organization's Quality of Life Instrument were utilized respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 12.0. Results: Mean score of hope was 2.56 and that of self-esteem was 3.23. Mean score of quality of life was 3.01. Statistically significant relationships were found between quality of life and hope (r=.73, p<.001), and between quality of life and self-esteem (r=.67, p<.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that hope and self-esteem were statistically significant in predicting quality of life with the explanatory power of 59.1%. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that nursing interventions fostering hope and self-esteem should be integrated in developing rehabilitation programs to improve quality of life for people with spinal cord injury.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was done to explore and to describe, from a phenomenological perspective. the sexual experience of unmarried males with a spinal cord injury. The methodology used in this study was the phenomenological method. Researcher conducted individual in-depth interviews with persons who had a Spinal Cord Injury. Six males were invited to participate in the study. The data were gathered from November 1999 to August 2000. The finding which emerged from this phenomenological study are as follow: 'Confusion state in shocking situation', 'Reflection on past sexual experience', 'Irresistible impulsive sexual desire', 'Psychological conflict caused by suppression of sexual appetite', 'Groping for a solution to sexual desire', 'Recognition of changed sexual function' and 'Confirmation of changed self'. The conclusion of this study are as follow: The sexuality mankind owns is the criteria of original and common difference in the society of mankind through the categorization of male and female into dichotomy. In fact, the mankind as an social animal is the existence by the sexuality, for the sexuality and of the sexuality. The sexuality has the meaning only within the relationship with the others. The sexuality has the meaning only in the inter-relationship and the sexuality itself in it is already the sexual relationship. Therefore, for the better life of the participants with the spinal cord injury, further understanding of the sexuality of the unmarried male with spinal cord injury is required.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge and practice of the Clean Intermittent Self Catheterization (CIC) conducted by Spinal Cord Injury Patients (SPIC) or their significant others as an activity of daily living at their homes or working places. Forty-seven patients were participated in this study. Three questionnaires developed by researchers for this study were used to collect demographic data, knowledge and practice skill of CIC. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Nineteen (19) patients experienced Urinary Track Infection (UTI) during the last one years and two of them have had several times of UTI. Knowledge level of the participant was not high enough to perform correct CIC. Some evidences indicated that the knowledge did not apply to their practice. Systematic analysis and development of educational content based on this study results was recommended and the systematic instructional design before actual patient education was strongly recommended.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2005

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between level of activity of daily living (ADL) and Self-Care Agency in patients who have had a spinal cord injury. Method: The participants in the study were 78 persons who had a spinal cord injury and were between 20 and 70 years of age. The data were collected from November 1, 2003 to January 30, 2004. The instruments used in this study were the ADL Check List and Self-Care Agency Scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program and included numbers, percentages, t-test and ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The total mean score for activity of daily living was $44.21{\pm}16.63$. The total mean score fur Self-Care Agency was $107.45{\pm}15.71$, There was a significant difference between scores for ADL and Self-Care Agency. Conclusion: In order to increase the level of ADL, rehabilitation nurses should ensure that these patients receive training in ADL. Also, it was identified that informational support is important, that is, nurses should help to provide these patients with Self-Care Agency training for ADL.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.66-79
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between rehabilitation motive and social support perceived by spinal cord injury patients. Method: Data were collected by the questionnaires from 83 patients with spinal cord injury in a hospital. It was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Peason's correlation coefficients. Result: The social support score was 3.51 of 5 in average. The connectedness of subordinate portion was the highest as 3.57. The rehabilitation motive was 2.93 of maximum 4.00 in average. Among sub-dimensions of the rehabilitation motive, the mean score of change oriented motivation was 3.27 as the highest. The higher the direct support, the higher the indirect support(r=.663, p=.000). The higher the rehabilitation motive, the higher the direct(r=.282, p=.010) and indirect support(r=.397, p=.000). Conclusion: According to this study, the social support had the significant relationship with the rehabilitation motive. The social support was the key factor to enhance the rehabilitation motive psychologically. Finally, there is a need to develop the nursing intervention improve the social support for the spinal cord injury patients.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 2001

The voluntary contracted EMG signal of spinal cord injured patients is very small because the information from central nervous system is not sufficiently transmitted to $\alpha$ motor neuron or muscle fiber. Therefore the acquisited EMG signal from needle or surface electrodes can not be identified obvious voluntary contraction pattern by muscle movement. In this paper we propose the extraction technique of voluntary muscle contraction and relaxation pattern from EMG signal of spinal cord injured patient whose EMG signal is composed of the linear sum of mo색 unit action potentials with two noise sources, additive noise assumed to be white Gaussian noise and high frequency discharge assumed to be not motor unit action potential but impulsive noise. In order to eliminate impulsive noise and additive noise from voluntary contracted EMG signal, we use the FatBear filter which is a nonarithmetic piecewise constant filter, and multiscale nonlinear wavelet denoising processing, respectively. The proposed technique is applied to the EMG signal acquisited from transverse myelitis patients to extract voluntary muscle contraction pattern.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 1999

To evaluate the neurotoxic effect of oxygen radicals in cultured mouse spinal dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons, cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay after cultured DRG neurons were grown in the media containing various concentrations of glucose oxidase(GO). In addition, neuroprotective effect of herb extract, Epimedium Koreanum Nakai was examined by MTT assay in cultured DRG neurons. Cell viability of cultured DRG neurons was remarkably decreased by GO in dose- and time-dependent manner, and Epimedium Koreanum Nakai protected remarkably GO-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. From the above results, it is suggested that oxygen radicals is toxic in cultured mouse DRG neurons, and herb extracts such as Epimedium Koreanum Nakai are effective in prevention of the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals in cultured mouse DRG neurons.