• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.90-94
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• 2020

Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty is an option for pain relief in pathological vertebral compression fractures. Complications related to cement leakage through cortical defects have been reported. On the other hand, dural compression due to retropulsion of the tumor mass is rarely reported. The authors report a case of a 65-year female patient who had cauda equina syndrome after a percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty in a pathological vertebral fracture, even though epidural compression were not found prior to surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed retropulsion of the tumor mass into the spinal canal through the disrupted posterior vertebral cortex.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.395-399
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• 2001

Primary spinal epidural lymphoma(SEL), i.e. occurring in the absence of any detectable extraspinal lymphoproliferative disorder, is an unusual cause of spinal cord compression. The authors report a 48-year-old, diabetic woman presented with back pain followed by acute paraparesis and voiding difficulty. She had been treated with acupunctures on her back before admission, and complete blood count showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR). Thoracic spine magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed an epidural mass extending from T5 to T8 with compression of the spinal cord. Emergency decompressive laminectomy was performed with a tentative diagnosis of spinal epidural abscess, but a B-cell lymphoma was final pathologic diagnosis. Further staging showed no other sites of lymphoma, and the spinal lesion was treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The authors stress that primary SEL can mimic spinal epidural abscess(SEA) in the diabetic patient and should be a diagnostic consideration in patients with a syndrome of acute spinal cord compression manifested by a prodrome of back pain and neuroimaging consistent with an epidural compressive lesion, especially in a diabetic.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.234-242
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• 1996

Ten patients with a thoracolumbar spine fractures were treated with Kaneda internal fixation device through anterolateral approach during last 1 year. In all cases, spinal decompression, internal instrument fixation and hone fusion with rib were performed. No patient showed neurological deterioration after surgery and 6(60%) patients improved postoperatively with entering the next Frankel subgroup. Follwo-up patient evaluation showed the correction of the fracture deformity with good bony fusion, but 3 patient arc remained back pain. According to above results we concluded that anterolateral internal fixation combined with hone fusion using rib was good mechanical stability and decompression of protruding ventral bone fragments above conus medullaris level.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.94-96
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• 1989

The cases of continuous epidural catheterization for pain control have increased nowadays. Epidural abscess, one of the complications of continuous epidural catheterization. can cause severe and permanent neurologic deficit. Though the incidence of epidural abscess is rare, we should devote every effort to prevention of abscess formation. And in the occurrence of epidural abscess formation, treatment should be started as early as possible with antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage to prevent permanent neurologic deficit. We experienced a case of epidural abscess following continuous epidural catheterization, and so the case is presented.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the combination of electroacupuncture (EA) and surgical decompression on paraplegia due to spinal compression in dogs. Ten clinically healthy dogs were assigned into two groups (group A and group B). The one is for the combination of EA and surgical decompression, and the other is for surgical decompression alone. After decompression, neurological function was evaluated daily with modified Tarlov grading system. SEPs were measured as objective evaluation of normal spinal cord function before spinal compression and after neurological recovery. The period of rehabilitation in group A was significantly shorter than that in group B (p<0.05). Conduction velocity of SEPs showed a tendency to return to normal when the dogs got full recovery. According to these results, it was considered that the EA with surgical decompression was more effective than surgical decompression alone for paraplegia resulting from spinal cord injury in dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 2005

This study was performed to examine the absolute skin temperature and temperature difference $({\Delta}T)$ between the left and the right, the upper and the lower parts on the back of dog and to investigate the clinical usefulness of infrared thermography as diagnostic or prognostic aid on experimental spinal cord compression by using Digital Infrared Imaging System. In normal dogs, symmetrical and contouring patterns were observed in thermogram. The skin temperature difference was not significant between the left and the right, the upper and the lower parts on the back. In spinal cord compressed dog, there was symmetrical temperature reduction pattern around lesion. Patterns of ${\Delta}T$ between thoracic and lumbar portions were remarkable and showed the tendency to return to normal after 4 weeks of operation. It is considered that infrared thermography is a useful diagnostic and prognostic aid for spinal cord injury in dogs.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.287-291
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• 1994

A 49 years old male patient was admitted to our neuro-pain clinic with symptoms of left 11th intercostal neuralgic pain and low back pain that developed 2 months prior to admission. Upon initial physical examination, motor weakness or sensory deficit were absent. Intercostal neuralgic pain improved significantly after we performed thoracic root thermocoagulation. However on the afternoon of the procedure the patient started to experience voiding difficulty, saddle anesthesia and rapidly progressing motor weakness and hypoesthesia that involved the lower back area and the lower extremities for three days. Based on these symptoms spinal cord compression was suspected and subsequently plain T-L spine X-rays and T-L spine MRI were performed. A spinal tumor that appeared metastatic in origin was seen at the T11 and T12 level. Liver ultrasonography demonstrated the presence of a $4{\times}4cm$ sized ill defined mass in the posterior segment of the right lobe. The patient was diagnosed to have hepatocellular carcinoma after needle aspiration biopsy and cytologic studies. Further orthopedic surgery was recommended but as the patient rejected any further treatment and examination, it was not possible to confirm the primary focus of the tumor. However as metastasis of a primary liver tumor to the spine is a rare occurrence, some other primary focus of metastasis or even a malignant primary tumor of the spine is more likely to explain this patient's condition.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.393-399
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• 1994

Spinal cord compression, an oncologic emergency, is a rare complication of hematologic malignancy Our experience was obtained with a series 32 Patients following retrospective analysis for assessing the role of radiation therapy and identifying the prognostic factors affecting on treatment outcome. Diagnosis was usually made by means of radiologic study such as myelography or computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurologic examination. Five cases were diagnosed by subjective symptom only with high index of suspicion. In 31 cases, the treatment consisted in radiation therapy alone and the remained one patient had laminectomy before radiation therapy because of diagnostic doubts. Total treatment doses ranged from 800 cGy to 4000 cGy with median of 2000 cGy. Initially large fraction size more than 250 cGy were used in 13 patients with rapidly progressed neurologic deficit. The clinical parameters considered in evaluating the response to treatment were backache, motor-sensory performance and sphincter function. Half of all patients showed good response. Partial response and no response were noted in $37.5\%$ and $12.5\%$, respectively. Our results showed higher response rate than those of other solid tumor series. The degree of neurologic deficit at that time of diagnosis was the most important predictor of treatment outcome. The elapsed time from development of symptoms to start of treatment was significantly affected on the outcome. But histology of primary tumor total dose and use of initial large fraction size were not significantly affect on the outcome. These results confirmed the value of early diagnosis and treatment especially in radiosensitive hematologic malignancy.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

Nerve compression is caused by external force or internal pathology, which symptom develops along nerve distribution. There are median, ulnar and radial nerve compression neuropathies below elbow. Carpal tunnel syndrome at the flexor retinaculum is most common among all the entrapment neuropathies. Other causes of median nerve neuropathy include Struther's ligament, biceps aponeurosis, pronator teres, FDS aponeurosis and aberrant muscles, which induce pronator syndrome or anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. Ulnar nerve can be compressed at the elbow by arcade of Struther, medial epicondylar groove, FCU two heads, which develops cubital tunnel syndrome, at the wrist by ganglion, fracture of hamate hook and vascular problem, which develops Guyon's canal syndrome. Radial tunnel syndrome is caused by supinator muscle, which compresses its deep branch. Treatment is conservative at initial stage like NSAID, night splint or steroid injection. If symptom persists, operative treatment should be considered after electrodiagnostic or imaging studies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.713-717
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• 2010

Outcomes of non-surgical and surgical treatments for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) are well-reported. However, little is known regarding the outcome for treatments of cervical IVDD. This study systematically reviewed the outcomes in dogs with cervical IVDD that were managed non-surgically and surgically. Clinical success rates for surgical treatment were significantly higher (100%) than for non-surgical treatment (51.4%). In the non-surgical treatment group, clinical success rates were negatively correlated with spinal cord compression rates. Based on the results of this study, surgical treatment is deemed more effective than non-surgical treatment for dogs with cervical IVDD. Also, the degree of spinal cord compression on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is a useful prognostic indicator before non-surgical treatment.