• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.523-531
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• 2011

The recent increase in international car-ferry lines between Korea and Japan as well as China brings needs for proper transportations of special cargo, such as machinery and luxury yacht, etc. International multimodal transport, especially international car ferry through truck-sea-truck system enables to fulfill shippers' needs for "Door to Door Service", of such special goods. However, this international multimodal transport of bulk cargo will cause a possible claim for concealed damages during such transportation. For this reason, this study aims to examine the liability system of the multimodal transport operator as well as to investigate liability for concealed damages theoretically and finally to seek proper measures for them. Futhermore, this paper intends to verify the claims for concealed damages to further the international multimodal transport by car ferries between Korea and Japan.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.147-165
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• 2008

This Study analysis two features of social citizenship in the period of rights revolution. Discousive arguments are derived from different reinterpretations of social citizenship of Marshall. Some insist that main idea of welfare state is rights of social citizenship and the other insist that social rights is realized after doing duty. Especially the latter emphasis work obligation in which individual responsibility and duty, these discussion underlie wokrfare policy. This reserch examine two contrary discourses based on Marshall's theory, and make a close inquiry into correct interpretation about Marshall. New rights, the Conservative party and New Labour seek for ground on Marshall's citizenship theory, but these are distortion on it. Marshall insisted that citizenship constituted rights and duties but he claimed that discharge of a duty isn't precondition of the exercise of the right.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1348-1351
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• 2008

최근 인터넷 사용자들의 요구는 멀티미디어로 집중되고 있으며 그중 라이브 미디어 스트리밍 서비스에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 라이브 서비스에서는 적절한 시간에 사용자에게 데이터가 도착하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 라이브의 시간적절성을 충족시켜 줄 효율적이고 신속한 데이터 전달구조와 전송기법이 요구된다. 이에 본 논문에서는 트리와 메시 구조를 혼합한 하이브리드 방식으로 네트워크 자원을 효율적으로 사용하면서 빠른 데이터 전송으로 라이브의 시간적절성을 충족시킬 수 있는 데이터 분할 전송 방식의 P2P(Peer-to-Peer) 오버레이 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 ToG(Tree of Groups)는 n개의 피어들이 메시로 그룹을 형성하고, 그렇게 형성된 그룹들이 트리를 이루는 구조이다. ToG에서 그룹 내의 각 피어들은 상위그룹의 피어 한 개와 부모-자식으로 연결되어 있어서 그룹 사이에 여러 개의 연결이 존재하게 된다. 따라서 그룹 내에서 어느 한 피어가 그룹을 빠져 나가더라도 상위그룹과의 여러 연결에 의해서 서비스 지속성을 보장 할 수 있다. ToG는 그룹단위로 트리가 형성되기 때문에 피어의 개수가 같을 때 피어단위로 트리를 형성하는 구조보다 트리의 깊이가 줄어든다. 그에 따라 말단에 있는 피어들에게까지 빠른 시간에 데이터가 전달 될 수 있다. ToG의 데이터 전달은 소스로부터 세그먼트가 일정한 값 n으로 나뉘어져 각 피어들에게 전달된다. 세그먼트 조각은 소스로부터 나뉘어져 전송 될 때 책임적으로 전달해야할 피어와 전달 순서가 정해져있고, 데이터 전송 스케줄링을 위한 버퍼 맵 교환은 필요하지 않다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.574-582
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• 1997

Background : Normal humans meet the increased ventilatory need during exercise initially by the increase of tidal volume (TV) and later by the increase of respiratory frequency (Rf). And the inspiratory duty cycle (Ti/Ttot) is also increased more than 50% for the compensation of the decrease of respiratory cycle provoked by the increase of respiratory frequency. The patients with chronic airflow obstruction show rapid and shallow breathing pattern during exercise because of the decreased ventilatory capacity and the increased dead space ventilation. However, the studies about the change of inspiratory duty cycle are only a few and there is no literature about the relationship between the change of inspiratory duty cycle and the degree of airflow obstruction. Methods : The subjects were the twelve patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) and ten normal people. The incremental exercise test was done. The increase of work load was 10 W in CAO group and 25 W in normal control group. The analysis of the results was done by the comparison of the parameters such as minute ventilation (VE), TV, Rf, physiologic dead space (Vd/Vt), and inspiratory duty cycle between the two groups. Each parameters were compared after transformation into % control duration base that means dividing the total exercise time into five fractions and % control duration data were obtained at rest, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and max. Statistical analysis was done by repeated measure ANOVA using SAS program. Results : The changes of VE and TV were significantly different between two groups while the change of Rf was not significant. The decrease of Vd/Vt was significantly low in CAO group. Ti/Ttot was markedly increased from 38.4 + 3.0% at rest to 48.6 + 4.5% at max in normal control group while Ti/Ttot showed little change from 40.5 + 2.2% at rest to 42.6 + 3.5% at max. And the change of inspiratory duty cycle showed highly good correlation with the degree of airflow obstruction (FEV1%). (r=0.8151, p < 0.05). Conclusions : The increase of Ti/Ttot during exercise observed in normal humans is absent in the patients with CAO and the change of Ti/Ttot is well correlated with the degree of airflow obstruction.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.53
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• pp.71-99
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• 2020

This study focuses on the case of the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Korea (hereafter MMCA) that has faced the issue of securing autonomy as an art institution in association with the neoliberal logic of economy as part of globalization. The MMCA was opened with limited operational autonomy due to the government's development-driven national system and bureaucratic perspective. Since being selected as an institution subject to a range of restructuring consequent to the IMF crisis in 1997, the MMCA is being assessed for its operational autonomy since then. This paper examines the socio-cultural background of the implementation of the Korean type of 'Executive Agency' and 'Non-Departmental Public Body'. Furthermore, regardless of the result of either implementation or withdrawal after the projects, this paper explains how these administrative reforms lead the conflicts between stakeholders, which would promote the MMCA's autonomy. As a result, the institutional restructuring process based on the neoliberal perspective might result in the operational dilemma that must simultaneously fulfil the publicness in a different context. Moreover, unlike the original intent to establish a performance-based system based on the principle of competition while minimizing government intervention, this study illuminates that the influence of the nation(or government) as the actual agent of the projects may become permanent. It implies that since the establishment and development project of MMCA has initialized the concept of statism based on legal authority, the operational autonomy of the MMCA which is premised on the reinforcement of expertise and publicness cannot be prioritized over the direction and control of the government.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.7-27
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• 2024

This study addresses the crucial role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) amidst civic polarization, moral disimagination, and learned helplessness. It begins her personal background as a 1.5-generation Vietnamese American and her academic engagement in immigrant faith and the challenges of teaching faith in violent contexts. The work underscores the public dimension and impact of religious education, highlighting its potential for fostering critical capacities for public engagement. However, that study observes a prevalent disconnection between congregational culture and the aim of public engagement, leading to a form of learned helplessness among students and communities. The researcher draws on Paulo Freire's concepts of "critical hope" and the need for a curriculum that transcends mere content delivery to foster transformative engagement with societal issues. The document critiques the disimigination machine that undermines critical thinking and collective resistance, as articulated by Henry Giroux, and explores the concepts of "learned helplessness" as a barrier to environmental and social activism. The researcher advocates for a theopoetic and theopolitical approach to education that nurtures hope and practical engagement with the world's injustice. She emphasizes small acts of theopoetic and theopolitical hope as transformative practices, using an example from Ferguson, Missouri, to illustrate how public liturgy and protest can mediate hope and justice. The document concludes with a call for a life-long, life-wide, and life-deep curriculum of enchantment towards responsible participation in societal repair, rooted in Christian hope.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-145
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• 1988

우리나라 축산업이 과학적인 축산으로 변모하는 과정에서 선도적 역할을 해온 것이 양계분야인 만큼 생산성적에 있어서도 어느 타 선진국에 뒤지지 않을 만큼 높아지고 있다. 그러나 사료원료의 해외 의존도가 높고 개방경제시대에 접어들음으로서 외국의 양계산물과 경쟁을 벌리게 되는 이 시점에서 생산비중 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 사료를 가장 경제적으로 이용함으로서 생산 효율을 극대화시킬 책임이 우리에게 있다. 우리나라의 년 중 기온차이가 심하고 대부분의 산란계가 유창계사에서 사육되고 있는 만큼 계절에 따른 온도 변화에 맞추어 계절 사양을 함으로서 하절기에는 영양소 결핍현상을 방지하고 동절기에는 영양소 과다 섭취로 인한 영양소 허실을 줄일 수 있다. 난중에 따른 난가 형성이 되는 시장 상황에서 난중을 조절함으로서 생산효율을 높일 수 있다. 비록 난중이 생리적인 현상에 의해서 결정되지만 닭이 섭취하는 아미노산과 지방의 함량을 증감함으로써 어느 정도의 난중조절이 가능하다. 산란율과 난중에 영향을 미치지 않는 범위에서는 산란계의 체중이 작을수록 경제성이 있다. 가급적 육성기간중의 사료비를 줄이고 성계 체중을 줄이는 방법으로 육성기간중의 사료비를 줄이고 성계 체중을 줄이는 방법으로 육성기간중 단백질 점증법이 시험되고 있다. 이러한 육성체계를 보급화 하기에 앞서서 좀 더 많은 비교 시험이 필요하리라 본다. 사료 원료의 영양가를 정확하게 평가하는 것은 닭이 필요로 하는 영양소 요구량을 충족시키기 위한 필수조건이 된다. 단지 영양성분의 화학분석만으로 사료배합에 임하지 말고 생물가를 측정함으로서 닭이 섭취하는 영양소의 이용률이 함께 고려하여야 한다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.5-40
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• 2009

As of June 2008, the government's expansion policy for the long-term care service infrastructure has achieved an outstanding 96.4% occupancy rate of facilities across the country. Despite such achievement, practical issues including the physical lack of facilities, disproportional regional spread and decline in government accountability have raised concerns about the effectiveness of the policy's implementation. This study was aimed at defining the implementation procedure of expansion policy for long-term care service infrastructure, analyzing variables that affect it, examining the problems revealed in implementation procedure, and suggesting improved plan on that policy. Research methods were to review literatures on infrastructure expansion policy, to conduct case studies on K province, C city and 4(2 corporations and 2 privately owned) facilities in C city for studying practical implementation procedure on a local government level, and to use Alexander(1985)'s framework for analyzing variables of policy implementation. As a result of this study, policy variables including the clarity and adequacy of policy goal, nature of service providers, task and responsibility between government authorities, and implementation variables such as propensity toward budget allocation, financial restraint, swift utilization of budgets and the streamlining of involved procedures and inter-agency relations stood out as the main factors affecting policy implementation. In adddition, this study suggested several improvement measures such as accounting facilities need based on real local demand and supporting to private participation and so on.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.233-260
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• 2013

Despite various policies have been implemented to curb shadow education in Korea, it has continued to grow in recent two decades. This study investigates the expansion mechanism of shadow education focused on mobilization capabilities and market strategies of the suppliers. The success and failure of policy toward shadow education depends on how effectively it could block off the way by which the suppliers as the most important actors in politics of shadow education market mobilize consumers' anxieties. But shadow education policies have failed in two points. First, they have lacked honest intention to stop its proliferation. The Constitutional Court Decision Against Anti-Out-Of-School Classes Legislation of 2000 widened the windows of opportunity for the suppliers, and 5.31 educational reform of 1995 was neutral to their mobilization capabilities, though seemingly designed to control shadow education. This policy orientation, which reflected neoliberal Gesinnungsethik defective of Verantwortungsethik, stimulated shadow education to expand in that suppliers' mobilization capabilities were reinforced or remained intact. Second, shadow education suppliers have succeeded in mobilizing the desire and anxiety of potential consumers. To cope with government's policy including improving the qualities of public education, realignment of college entrance systems, and meeting the shadow education needs, they have developed various market strategies such as management of existing demands, creation of responsive demands, and squeezing out new demands. They have succeeded in nullifying policies by employing or mixing strategies with effect. Policy decisions in the future need to be made with reference to Verantwortungsethik, and be more cautious to socio-political contexts of Korea, to mobilization capabilities and market strategies of the suppliers in particular.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

These days, the concept of creating shared value is drawn keen attentions to. This interest comes out of the expectation that Creating Shared Value(CSV) can offer an answer to some social issues by creating societal and economic values on the top of the achievements that existing Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) has made. However, it is difficult to make a clear distinction between the achievements that the activities of CSR and CSV have made. In this regard, developing a methodology to make an actual proof analysis on the accomplishments of CSV and to verify customer's awareness of and attitude towards the CSV is necessarily required. A company needs to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace as well as resolve a social issue by innovating value chain. The research has verified the cause and effect relationship between the CSV from the point of view of value chain and the purchase intention aroused by its economic, societal and cultural values through the company image and credibility with actual proof analysis and come up with following results. First, a societal and cultural value resulted in giving positive impact on a company's image, which implies that CSV activities can be the thin end of the wedge through which customers have a good image of the company involved in CSV. Second, a societal value makes a positive influence on the credibility of a company. In this regard, CSV should be recognized not just as a thing that generates a cost, but a way to win-win as well as future development. Third and last, the research results show that both company image and credibility influence on purchase intention. Considering that CSV generates a positive evaluation on a company that will ultimately cause continuous profit-making, the company's ultimate goal of activities, it should be approached from the perspective of making a mid-and-long term strategy.