• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.375-383
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• 2007

To find out the affection of the sampling techniques to the result of a faunistic study, we surveyed the insect fauna of the Chungbuk National University (four different sites) for a year, from spring to fall. For each site, four different collecting methods: light trap, net sweeping, pitfall trap, and window trap, were applied and the collecting was done every other week for a total of 16 times. A total of 14 orders and 672 species were collected. 501 species were collected by the light trap, which covers about 75% of the total number of species, turn out to be the most effective, while other methods could only cover 18% or less. On average, only about 30% of the species collected at a given time of collecting were re-collected at the next collecting, which means about 70% of the species collected from the first collecting remains not collected in the next collecting if you collect insects every other week. The result suggests that, in addition to applying diverse collecting methods, frequent sampling, or narrow sample window, is another very important factor for a good representation of species diversity in an insect faunistic study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.201-205
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• 2001

설악산 국립공원지역 산간계류의 17지점에서 2000년 6월부터 2001년 6월까지 어류상 및 이화학적 요인 분석을 실시하였다. 모든 조사지점은 1-3차 이내의 하천으로 비교적 물리ㆍ화학적 교란이 적었으며 하천폭은 5～30 m 정도였다. 채집된 어류는 총 17과 42종 2,557개체였고, Cyprinidae는 16종 2,165개체가 채집되어 84.7%의 상대풍부도를 나타냈으며, Cobitidae는 5종으로 Cyprinidae 다음으로 가장 많은 종이 채집되었으나 개체수는 109개체로 4.2%의 상대풍부도를 보였다. Gobiidae가 4종 (5.0%), Salmonidae는 모두 3종 (0.8%)이 채집되었다. 이외에도 Oryziatidae, Plecoglossidae, Amblycipitidae, Cottidae, Serranidae 등 12과는 각각 1종씩 모두 117개체 (4.6%)가 채집되었다. Cyprinidae는 전체 채집종의 37.2%를 나타냈다. 우점종은 Zacco temmincki로 10개 지점에서 738개체가 채집되어 28.9%의 상대풍부도를 나타냈으며, 아우점종은 Moroco kumtangensis와 Z.platypus로 각각 4개 지점 648개체 (25.3%)와 7개 지점 344개체 (13.5%)로 나타났다. 한국고유종 (Korean endemic species)은 모두 4과 11종 781개체로 30.5%의 상대풍부도를 나타냈으며, 고유화 빈도는 25.6%로 한국의 평균 고유화 빈도와 유사하게 나타났다 우점종은 M. kumkangensis (한국고유종 중 83.1%)로 나타났으며, 아우점종은 Coreoperca herzi (5.8%), Microphysogobio longidorsalis (3.8%)와 Coreloeuciscus splendidus (2.6%)로 나타났다. 본 조사에서 외래어는 채집되지 않았다. 어류의 다양성은 국립공원내에서보다 하천폭이 커지고 서식처자 비교적 다양한 경계지역의 하천 조사지점에서 더 높게 나타났다.따라서 국립공원의 경계지역에 대한 효율적인 생태적 관리가 요구되며, 국립공원 내의 어류의 다양성 유지와 회복을 위해서는 공원 내는 물론 경계지역 산지하천의 물리적 변형 (보, 제방, 석축 등)과 오염원의 유입 (점, 비점오염원)에 대한 고려가있어야 한다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.389-400
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• 1999

Habitat preferences of benthic macroinvertebrates were studied according to the different substrate composition. Although it was hard to determine the common dwellers in the habitats with cobbles and pebbles, some taxa such as Ephemera orientalis, Davidius lunatus, Tipula KUb, Isonychica japonica and Tabanus amaenus etc. occurred preferably in the habitats with gravel/sand. In all the sampling stations, the numbers of species collected in the habitats with gravel/sand were always remarkably smaller as compared with the habitats with cobbles and pebbles.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2022

Gut contents analysis is essential to predict the impact of organisms on food source changes due to variations of the habitat environment. Previous studies of gut content analysis have been conducted using traditional methods, such as visual observation. However, these studies are limited in analyzing food sources because of the digestive process in gut organ. DNA metabarcoding analysis is a useful method to analyze food sources by supplementing these limitations. We sampled marine fish of Pennahia argentata, Larimichthys polyactis, Crangon affinis, Loligo beka and Sepia officinalis from Gwangyang Bay and Yeosu fisheries market for analyzing gut contents by applying DNA metabarcoding analysis. 18S rRNA v9 primer was used for analyzing food source by DNA metabarcoding. Network and two-way clustering analyses characterized the relationship between organisms and food sources. As a result of comparing metabarcoding of gut contents for P. argentata between sampled from Gwangyang Bay and the fisheries market, fish and Copepoda were analyzed as common food sources. In addition, Decapoda and Copepoda were analyzed as common food sources for L. polyactis and C. affinis, respectively. Copepoda was analyzed as the primary food source for L. beka and S. officinalis. These study results demonstrated that gut contents analysis using DNA metabarcoding reflects diverse and detailed information of biological food sources in the aquatic environment. In addition, it will be possible to provide biological information in the gut to identify key food sources by applying it to the research on the food web in the ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 1998

Seasonal samples of demersal fish off Yongkwang were collected by an otter trawl from June 1986 to March 1987, and analyzed in terms of species composition and abundance. Of 33 species indentified, Johnius grypotus, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, Argyrosomus argentatus and Cynoglossus joyneri predominated in abundance, consisting 81.9% in the total number of species and 71.4% in biomass. The number of species and abundance were comparatively high in warmer months, and a resident species Cynoglossus joyneri and migrants such as Johnius grypotus and Argyrosomus argentatus were predominated. In cold months, the number of species and abundance were low, and Chaeturichthys stigmatias and Zoarces gillii were dominated. The relative abundance in major species of the present study shows a similar seasonal trend to that obtained in 1995. The relative abundance of major species occurred in the shallow coastal waters of southwestern Korea was highly correlated to the tidal velocity. J. grypotus and C. stigmatias declined in abundance while C. joyneri increased as the tidal velocity increased. This trend in abundance of the major fishes seems to be related to the form of body. The characteristics being flat of C. joyneri could be the major cause of sustaining in the water of high tidal mixing.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1961

우리나라 서해안인 경기도 부천군 선재도에서 산출되는 이매구류의 출현 빈도 분포 상태를 1959년 8월부터 1960년 10월에 걸쳐서 생태학적인 조사를 하였다. 1) Sampling 은 motor pump를 사용하여 원하는 깊이에 따라 각각 plankton을 채집하여 현미경으로 고나찰하여 KArvae 의 수를 조사하였다. 2) 각 stage의 larvae을 측정한 결과, 가장 어린 것은 60$\times$54$\mu$이었고, 가장 큰 것 은 320$\mu$336$\mu$이었다. 3) 이매구의 larvae 들은 수중에서 불규칙하게 분포하였다. 온도의 상승에 따라서 larvae의 분포는 증가되고, 대체로 온도가 하강함에따라서는 감소되었다. 4) 어린 stage의 larvae 수는 7월-9월 에 걸쳐 출현빈도가 높았다. 이것은 이시기가 선재도에 있어서는 이매구류의 산란시기라고 생각된다. 5) 8월-9월에 걸쳐서 대형의 alrvae의 출현빈도가 감소되는데, 이것은 larvae가 착생되었기 때문이라 생각된다.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2005

Morphological characteristics of Cordyceps species and its allies collected in Korea were clarified. Through the survey conducted from June 1999 to October 2002 in 19 mountains in Korea, 667 samples of entomogenous fungi were collected. Cordyceps and its allies of 17 species of 5 genera were identified as Cordyceps gracilioides, C. japonica, C. longissima, C. martialis, C. militaris, C. myrmecophila, C. nutans, C. pruinosa, C. sphecocephala, C. tricentri, Hirsutella nutans, Paecilomyces cicadae, P. farinosus, P. tenuipes, Paecilomyces sp., Shimizuomyces paradoxa, Tilachlidiopsis nigra. The fungi with insect hosts have been collected mainly in the place of shade or mosses near brooks and streams that had high humidity. Overall the frequenct of fungal infection in natural ecosystem was relatively low as few as 10 collections per each species. However, many species were found in terms of the few number of colleciton sites with seasonal limitations. Occurrence of the fungi in Jeju island remote from inland of the Korean peninsula were diverse in their species due to the varied weather of vertical distribution following the altitude. Three most common species were C. nutans, P. tenuipes and C. militaris, mainly found early in August when the relative humidity and temperature were high, of which C. nutans occupied the highest frequency consisting of 65% in total collections. Neither variation in ascomata arrangement in stromata nor developement of secondary spores was recognizable, while the number, shape and colour of stromata varied with insect hosts and weather conditions.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2003

Fish assemblage structure in a sheltered shallow water in the Southern Coast of Korea was examined monthly. Sampling was conducted in Doam Bay using a beam trawl between March 2001 and February 2001. A total of 53 fish species from 33 families were caught. Pinkgray goby (Chaeturichthys hexanema), ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis) and yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius favimanus) were the most frequent species, comprised 67.4％ of the total numbers captured. Snailfish (Liparis tanakai), yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus) and pinkgray goby (Chaeturichthys hexanema) represented 50.8％ of the total biomass. While total abundance (number of individuals) and biomass were high in autumn and winter, species richness (number of species) and diversity were high in spring. Cluster analysis, based on monthly abundance data of the 14 most frequent species, showed that the species were separated into three different groups. Group A composed of pinkgray goby, yellowfin goby, robust tonguefish (Cynoglossus robustus) and scaly hairfin anchovy (Setipinna taty), which were year-round residents, and devil flathead (Onigocia spinosa), Red dragonet (Repomucenus lunatus) and ponyfish, which were abundant in autumn, group B surmullet (Upeneus japonicus), hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) and gaff-topsail goby (Cryptocentrus filifer), which were abundant in summer, and group C grassfish (Liparis tanakai), spotted velvefish (Erisphex pottii), chameleon goby (Tridentiger trigonocephalus) and Richardson dragonet (Repomucenus richardsonii), which were abundant in winter and spring. A seasonal homogeneity of fish assemblage indicates that overall fish assemblage in Dom Bay is largely controlled by year-round residents.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 1991

The demersal fishes of Asan Bay were collected by an otter trawl in August 1990 to determine optimum sample size for the analysis of community structure. A total of 17 species comprising 957 individuals and 21,840 grams in biomass was collected. Predominant species were Cynoglossus joyneri, Thrissa koreana, Hexagrammos otakii and Johnius belengerii. Coefficients of variation for fish numbers in ten replicate tows ranged from 2.2 to $385.1\%$ for four abundant species and from 52.2 to $162.0\%$ when all species were considered. The cumulative number of species increased rapidly until 4 hauls, and less than 1 species per haul in average was added thereafter. The cumulative diversity index reached nearly an asymptote value when three of samples were combined. Variance in the number of individuals diminished as the sample size increased. The ratio of variance to mean numbers (dispersion index) was not significantly different from the unity when first 4-haul samples were combined. Four of 20-minute trawl haul are proposed to be a proper sampling size for the unbiased estimation of abundance in the study area.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2002

Seasonal occurrence and visiting flowers species of overwintered bumblebee queens were investigated during the spring season of 2000. A total of 1,277 overwintered bumblebee queens were collected, consisting of seven species of Bombus and one species of Psithyrus. The dominant species were Bombus ardens Smith and Bombus ignitus Smith. The heydays of their occuring season were the early April for B. ardens and the second half of the May for B. ignitus. B. ignitus was mainly collected on Prunus yedoensis Matsumura and Corydalis speciosa Min, and B. ardens on the Rhodldendron mucronulatum Turcz and Prunus yedoensis.