• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.143-169
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• 1999

The problems of unemployment have been recognized as male problems even though the female unemployment problems are as significant as those of men since IMF. The women who have experienced insecure employment and lower wage than men in the labor market are having more serious economic difficulties after being unemployed. Especially economic problems of the unemployed female headed families are anticipated to be tremendous because the female heads do not have spouses who can act as a buffer seeking or beginning to work to reduce economic hardship. The purpose of this paper is to compare living conditions and utilization of the unemployment programs between male and female heads of the family who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It will examine the functionalism, human capital theory, and feminist perspectives on the cause of female unemployment in order to help understanding of their living situations after being unemployed. Then, it will compare the socio-demographic characteristics, their economic activities before being unemployed, their living conditions and changes in family life after being unemployed, their efforts to overcome unemployment and utilization of various government unemployment programs. It used the national data of National Unemployment Survey of Korean Institute of Health and Social Affairs conducted in 1998 and analyzed 283 female and 1,528 male family heads who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It reveals that the female family heads experienced lower economic status in the labor market before being unemployed, are having more serious economic hardship because of it, utilize more of the government programs such as public work and public assistance than the male family heads but less of the public loans for the unemployed. It recommends expansion of public work and public assistance, more vigorous advertisement of various unemployment programs, and active training of job creation technique for female family heads.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

Purpose - As the members of the baby boomer generation have retired in earnest, the start-up market has received more attention than ever before. According to recent statistical data, an increasing number of entrepreneurs are in their fifties. There has been a continuous increase in promotional materials on small business issues published by start-ups. This means that senior start-ups have increased in number. A number of support systems have been established for youth start-ups, but there are few government support policies in place for the senior start-up market. Thus, this study suggests a number of constructive alternatives from the perspective of government policy and marketing strategy for entrepreneurs, in order to generate competitiveness in the start-up process, through examining the current state of the senior start-up and by diagnosing extant problems. Research design, data, methodology - This study gives a number of options regarding the government's support policies and the securing of competitiveness in order to vitalize senior business start-ups. As for the government's support policies, funding support policy, publicizing business start-up policies, and operating systematic mentoring policies before retirement have all been covered. In particular, in order for senior business start-ups to become competitive, development through mutual relations with diverse policies is urgently needed. The aging population is becoming an issue in Korea, so businesses for the aged, and the creation of jobs for these people, will become a social issue. Senior business start-ups are playing an important role in expanding enterprise productivity, in addition to enhancing national competitiveness. Expanding senior business start-ups is important, because they also serve to expand the national infrastructure. Productivity increase through continuous expansion is thus recommended. Results - In order to expand the competitiveness of business start-ups, marketing-related observations and learning in regard to customers are necessary for the baby boomer generation, and competitiveness for seniors is urgently needed. Conclusions - Studies on the business start-up policies for the domestic baby boomer generation are almost non-existent, and systematic studies on small businesses are necessary. Only the government is providing statistical studies for small businesses, and such research remains at a general level for entrepreneurs. Therefore, a support system that can actually assist entrepreneurs is essential. Continuous business start-up studies with respect to the baby boomers should be vitalized, to invigorate studies on competition. In order to supplement and strengthen foundational support, senior business start-ups must develop various competitive capabilities with a focus on the customer. The government and the various stakeholder agencies and organizations involved with start-up businesses must find ways to offer support to founders. Such support should include access to knowledge and legal and consultancy services in order to incubate the rapid increase in start-ups founded by seniors. Government support projects should be expanded to meet this end.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2017

Career and academic Counseling is often viewed as the catalyst for frequent and consistent interaction with students, but it is more than simply advising students about which majors, universities or jobs to consider. Ongoing, personal contact of career and academic counselors with students is an essential component in long-term career-related efficacy. But statistics show that high schools in non-urban or rural areas face significant issues different from those schools in metropolitan or suburban contexts, failing to maintain the significant number of teachers enough for effective career and academic counseling. This article proposes an alternative model of career and academic counseling, provided by MBA(Master of Business Administration) alumni based social enterprise in Seoul. This service explores the skills, knowledge and capabilities which MBA alumni gained from their jobs and MBA programs within the context of a career-competency framework. This paper concludes with the social and educational aspect of this shared responsibility strategy that may enhance student motivation and persistence in non-urban high schools.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.545-554
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze students' needs for improving the liberal arts curriculum at J University. In order to achieve such as this, 422 students from 11 departments of J University's two campuses looked at the core goals of 1 liberal arts education, 2 core competences that they think should be achieved in the liberal arts curriculum, 3 subject areas of the liberal arts curriculum they wish to open, 4 hopeful subjects, and 5 urgent tasks in reforming liberal arts education. The results are as follows. First, male students were most likely to point out the achievement of core competency as a key goal of liberal arts education. Second, the core competences to be achieved in the liberal arts curriculum were found to place importance on communication and interpersonal relations, character, self-care development and job creation skills. Third, there was a high percentage of people who wanted to open a curriculum in the field of arts and sports. Fourth, liberal arts courses that wish to be opened appeared in the order of women's studies or feminism, sports related subjects, philosophy, and psychology. The results of this study could be used as basic data for the revision of the J University liberal arts curriculum.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

As the Great Reset is discussed at the World Economic Forum due to the COVID-19 pandemic, artificial intelligence, the driving force of the 4th industrial revolution, is also in the spotlight. However, corporate research in the field of artificial intelligence is still scarce. Since 2000, related research has focused on how to create value by applying artificial intelligence to existing companies, and research on how startups seize opportunities and enter among existing businesses to create new value can hardly be found. Therefore, this study analyzed the cases of startups using the comprehensive framework of the multi-level perspective with the research question of how artificial intelligence based startups, a sub-industry of software, have different innovation patterns from the existing software industry. The target firms are gazelle firms that have been certified as venture firms in South Korea, as start-ups within 7 years of age, specializing in machine learning modeling purposively sampled in the medical, finance, marketing/advertising, e-commerce, and manufacturing fields. As a result of the analysis, existing software companies have achieved process innovation from an enterprise-wide integration perspective, in contrast machine learning technology based startups identified unit processes that were difficult to automate or create value by dismantling existing processes, and automate and optimize those processes based on data. The contribution of this study is to analyse the birth of artificial intelligence-based startups and their innovation patterns while validating the framework of an integrated multi-level perspective. In addition, since innovation is driven based on data, the ability to respond to data-related regulations is emphasized even for start-ups, and the government needs to eliminate the uncertainty in related systems to create a predictable and flexible business environment.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.10-31
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• 2021

The digital tax, recently referred to as the Google tax was finally agreed at the 31st General Assembly of the OECD (October 8, 2021) with full support by 136 countries and will take effect from 2023. The purpose of this study is to analyze the digital tax prepared by the OECD for global MNEs, and to suggest the impacts on the Korean industry and to present the Korean governmental countermeasures. As the first study, we analyzed the international agreement on digital tax. In results, we found that even if global MNEs do not set up a business operation in overseas countries, if sales and profits are generated, 25% of the excess profit is borne as tax (pillar 1), and when MNEs do business in all the countries, they are liable to at least a 15% tax (pillar 2). We think that countries around the world have prepared a minimum countermeasure to protect their companies in anticipation that global MNEs will easily encroach on their markets in the future. As the second study, in order to discover the reason why the MNEs are so strong, we investigated the trends of Google and B2B SaaS companies in details. In results, we discovered that the global MNEs establishes a digital platform partnership ecosystem that enables them to enter foreign markets easily and expand rapidly. In conclusion, as a countermeasure for the Republic of Korea, governmental policies were proposed at the corporate (startup nurturing), industry, and national level respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.74-99
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• 2011

This study aims to introduce conversion franchising strategy by utilizing the case of Nadle-Gagae. The case study of Nadle-Gagae shows that conversion franchising to Nadel-Gagae increases sales, the number of customer visits or visiting rates, and the level of satisfaction of store-owner and customer. This implies that conversion franchising benefits conversion franchising company, store-owner, and customer; it can be conducted as a competitive edge or strategy. However, it is limited to conclude that conversion franchising strategy will apply to all general franchising companies by only analysizing the case of Nadle-Gagae, because the business was initiated by government agency or governmental policy. Therefore, the franchising management should consider more conditions or circumstances related to franchising industry.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.35
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• pp.281-292
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• 2018

Crowd funding is also called social funding because of SNS that it helps early start-up founder and makers to raise money for idea product production. Recently, the funding platform has recorded high growth rates. As a result, the government in Korea has introduced various support policies for the crowd funding. The purpose of this study is to develop a diagnostic design guideline for product design oriented makers based on the historical situation. The paper writer applied literature survey and expert interview as research methods. The literature survey focused on internet news and previous research studies. The expert interview was conducted for 10 specialist people and divided for the second time. As a result of the text survey, the current guideline was lacking in design and in detail. Researchers have been informed through previous paper that information transfer text and images are important factors for funding success. In the first interview with seven special participants, we made a draft design guideline for social funding with a two-step process and nine themes. We, research and three professional people having a evaluation experience, conducted verification and supplementation for establishing the design guider with a three-step process and eight themes in the next interview. The design guideline for crowd funding, it can be used by money funding manager apart from design makers. Through the results of this paper, researchers are expected to prevent problems and contribute to healthy crowd funding ecosystem development.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.116-139
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• 2017

Naksansa Temple was famous for a miracle temple where Lee Haeng-ri(李行里), King Ikjo(翼祖), had prayed for offspring and soon begat King Dojo(度祖). According to the First King's Annals("太祖實錄"), King Dojo was the person who directly received prophecy of founding a Joseon. For these reasons, Naksansa Temple received attention concerning the foundation of Joseon. The birth story of King Dojo and his father's prayer at the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva cave(觀音窟), Naksansa Temple, was well known among the noblemen and royal families until the Late Joseon period. Lee Seoung gye(李成桂) paid particular attention to the Naksansa Temple, and King Sejo(世祖) also made people rebuild the temple when he went for a royal tour in Gangwon-do. Naksansa Temple was built during the time when King Sejo made many temples in order to strengthen the royal authority. King Sejo made people extensively rebuild the temple, praying for health and longevity of King Yejong(his son). King Sejo's will of rebuilding the Naksansa Temple was very strong. The residents of the area had to pay a huge cost because the rebuilding of the Naksansa Temple was a big construction. Hak-yeol(學悅), who had a responsibility of rebuilding the Naksansa Temple, forcedly obtained supplies as he received protection from the royal family. Naksansa Temple thrived with the protection of the royal family after rebuilding. King Yejong and Seongjong gave Naksansa Temple slaves and fields(田地). He also bestowed upon the temple the salts which was the tribute paid by Gangwon-do. In order to protect the precincts of the Naksansa Temple, the government closed the Yang Yang Main Street near Naksansa Temple and built a new road. And the signs of preventing fishing(捕漁) was built along the coast of Naksan in four kilometers in order to keep people out. Although the Naksansa Temple declined in the late Joseon period, it still received support under the protection policy and maintained its reputation as an original Buddhist shrine.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.193-216
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• 2020

Due to the recent mid- to long-term slump and falling growth rates in the global economy, interest in organizational structures that create new products or services as a new alternative to survive and develop in an opaque environment both internally and externally, and enhance organizational sustainability through changes in production methods and business innovation is increasing day by day. In this atmosphere, we agree that the growth of small and medium-sized venture companies has a significant impact on the national economy, and various efforts are being made to enhance the technological innovation capabilities of the members so that these small and medium-sized venture companies can enhance and sustain their performance. The purpose of this study is also to investigate how the technological innovation capabilities of small and medium-sized venture companies correlate with the performance of knowledge management and to analyze the role of network capabilities to organize the strategic activities of enterprise to obtain the resources and organizational capabilities to be used for value creation from external networks. In other words, research was conducted on the impact of technological innovation capabilities of small and medium venture companies on knowledge management performance by using network capabilities as parameters. Therefore, in this study, we would like to verify the hypothesis that innovation capabilities will have a positive impact on knowledge management performance by using network capabilities of small and medium venture companies. Economic activities based on technological innovation capabilities should respond quickly to new changes in an environment where uncertainty has increased, and lead to macro-economic growth and development as well as overcoming long-term economic downturns so that they can become the nation's new growth engine as well as sustainable growth and survival of the organization. In addition, this study was conducted by setting the most important knowledge management performance within the organization as a dependent variable. As a result, R&D and learning capabilities among technological innovation capabilities have no impact on financial performance. In contrast, it was shown that corporate innovation activities have a positive impact on both financial and non-financial performance. The fact that non-financial factors such as quality and productivity improvement are identified in the management of small and medium-sized venture companies utilizing their technological innovation capabilities is contrary to a number of studies by those corporate innovation activities affect financial performance during prior research. The reason for this result is that research companies have been out of start-up companies for more than seven years, but sales are less than 10 billion won, and unlike start-up companies, R&D and learning capabilities have more positive effects on intangible non-financial performance than financial performance. Corporate innovation activities have been shown to have a positive (+) impact on both financial and non-financial performance, while R&D and learning capabilities have a positive (+) impact on financial performance by parameters of network capability. Corporate innovation activities have been shown to have no impact on both financial and non-financial performance, and R&D and learning capabilities have no impact on non-financial performance. It could be seen that the parameter effects of network competency are limited to when R&D and learning competencies are derived from quantitative financial performance. It could be seen that the parameter effects of network competency are limited to when R&D and learning competencies are derived from quantitative financial performance.