• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.158-158
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• 1999

NiO 박막은 전자비임증착법과 RF-스퍼터링법으로 제작하여 박막의 성능을 평가하였다. NiO 박막의 성능평가를 위한 착색과 탈색은 전기적 착색셀을 제작하여 순환전압전류법으로 KOH 전해질 내에서 반복수행하였으며 성능이 퇴화된 박막의 투과율은 가시광선 분광기로 측정하였다. XPS에 의한 분석결과 막의 낱알 내부보다 낱알 표면에 많은 산소가 포함될수 있음을 알 수 있었다. KOH 전해질 속에서 사이클이 반복 수행된 막의 표면 낱알의 형태는 변하였으며, 3$\times$10-4mbar에서 제작된 시료가 막의 안정성이 좋았다. 제작 방법에 다라 막에 주입 및 추출되는 전하밀도와 투과율의 차이가 나타났고, 니켈 산화물 박막의 성능평가를 하기 위해 착색효율을 계산하였다. 기판물질인 IT(indium tin oxide)의 전기적 착색성과 전해질이 전기적 착색성에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 논의되었다.

• The tire
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• s.15
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• pp.22-28
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• 1968

본장에서는 전호에서 논술한 Carbon black을 제외한 각종 보고무용 보강제, 무기충진제 및 착색제를 해설키로 한다. 논제에서는 세가지 배합제로 분류하였으나 편의상 이들 세가지 배합제를 보진제란 한 어휘로 표현하였다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2001

In this study, We compared the properties of tinted and colored lenses with the standards m the ordinary optical properties, coloration, UV, IR and luminous transmittance, color acceptance for traffic signal, and chromaticity. The UV, lR and luminous transmittance was analysed in the range of 175 nm to 3000 nm by using a UV-Vis-IR spectrophotometer and was used in the synthesis of spectrum of various color lens. A experimental function was made from the slope obtained from the transmittance change as a function of coloration time. We could expect the ordinary optical properties and color acceptance for traffic signal of various color lenses with the requirements of US standard(ANSI Z-80.3).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Purpose: The study was aimed to suggest the most effective color of the tinted lenses by evaluating the effect of the prescription with tinted lenses on the visual quality of the elderly at the age of the sixty or more. Methods: The visual acuity of fifty subjects at the age of sixty or more (17 males, 33 females with the averaged age of $71.0{\pm}6.3$) were corrected to have the visual acuity at a far distance of 0.5 or more using a trial lens frame, and non-tinted, brown-tinted, and gray-tinted lenses were randomly applied on the trial frame. The minimum legibility and minimum separability were measured at a far distance in the aspect of the visual acuity and calculated as LogMAR and then, the visual acuity was compared. The stereopsis and contrast sensitivity were also estimated at a near distance in the aspect of the visual function. The participants' preference for tinted lenses and their subjective symptoms of the visual perception and the movement were further surveyed. Results: The best minimum legibility and minimum separability was shown when wearing non-tinted lenses, and brown-tinted and gray-tinted lenses were in the next. The stereopsis and the contrast sensitivity at a near distance and the visual perception was the best when wearing brown-tinted lenses. It was surveyed that the subjective discomfort was the biggest when wearing gray-tinted lenses, and brown-tinted lenses were the best in the aspect of the subjective preference. Conclusions: As the result of this study, it was revealed that the visual acuity and visual function could be improved by the use of tinted ophthalmic lenses however, its change of visual acuity and visual function was not completely correlated with the subjective satisfaction. Therefore, the appropriate color of ophthalmic lenses should be selected in accordance with the individual visual perception and the main vision lifestyle in the elderly generation. From the present study, the use of non- or brown-tinted lens and brown- or gray-tinted lens can be recommended for distance work and near work, respectively, in the elderly generation under the illumination of about 1,000 lux.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2016

In the present study, to clarify a possible relevance of blind-side hypermelanosis to chronic stress in cultured flounders, P. olivaceus, a serial experiment was tried with comparison of biochemical stress factors between wild type and hypermelanic type in cultured olive flounders. The mean size of experimental animal was total length 21.5±0.42 cm and body weight 87.5±6.1 g. The initial malpigmented area rate on the blind side skin was 0.63±0.12% and 16.7±4.7%, respectively, in the wild type and the hypermelanic type. The stress factors surveyed in the experiment were glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), cortisol, free type-thyroid hormones (FT₃ and FT₄) in plasma, and also moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash in body muscle. As a result, GLU and TP were higher in hypermelanic type than in wild type. Plasma cortisol was also higher in hypermelanic type than in wild type. In FT₃ and FT₄, any difference between two groups was not observed. In body nutrient factors, the moisture and the crude ash in body composition were not different between two groups, but the crude protein was low and the crude lipid was high in the hypermelanic type. Therefore, it is concluded that the blind-side hypermelanosis of cultured flounders could be related with a chronic stress.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2007

Effects of deficit irrigation by different soil moisture-based water potential on the reduction of green shoulder fruits in fresh tomato were investigated. Deficit irrigation with -30 kPa treatment significantly reduced green shoulder fruit by 53.7% compared to the -15 kPa treatment. The total concentrations of potassium in levels of whole fruit was not different between normal red fruit (NRF) and green shoulder fruit (GSF). However, the concentrations of potassium in distal part of GSF lower than that of a basal part of GSF Total soluble sugar contents in NRF and GSF were increased during the maturation periods. Contents of starch in NRF and distal part of GSF were decreased during the maturation periods. However, contents of starch in basal part of GSF was not change during the maturation periods. Activity of sucrose phosphate synthase was higher in NRF than that of GSF. Activity of acid invertase in NRF and GSF decreased rapidly during the maturation periods. Activity of acid invertase was significantly different in distal and basal part of GSF. Total activities of peroxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase in NRF were higher than that of GSF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2017

알루미늄은 내식성, 내마모성과 같은 물리적, 화학적 성질이 우수하지 못하여 이를 향상시키기 위해서 양극산화법이 산업적으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 알루미늄 양극산화법을 적용하면 강도, 내마모성 및 내식성이 향상될 뿐만 아니라 알루미늄 표면에 규칙적으로 배열된 30nm~100nm 크기의 pore에 염료를 흡착시켜 다양한 색상의 외관을 가지는 양극산화피막을 형성시킬 수 있다. Pore간의 간격은 수십nm~수백nm 정도이며, pore의 크기와 간격 및 깊이는 양극산화조건(양극산화 전압, 전해액의 종류와 농도 및 온도)에 의해 크게 변화된다. 또한 염료의 농도와 착색 시간에 따라서 양극산화 피막의 색조가 변화되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 양극산화피막의 색조에 미치는 전해조건의 영향을 조사하고, 분광측색계를 사용하여 산화피막의 색조를 정량적으로 분석하고 또한 산화피막의 pore에 흡착된 염료를 정량분석하기 위해서 UV-visible을 사용하여 분석하였다. Al5052 합금을 이용하여 에칭, 양극산화, 착색처리, 봉공(sealing)처리를 실시하였다. $55^{\circ}C$ 100g/L NaOH 용액에서 에칭을, $25^{\circ}C$ 10 vol.% $HNO_3$ 용액에서 디스머트를 실시한 다음, $25^{\circ}C$ 10 vol.% $H_2(SO_4)$ 용액에서 15V의 정전압으로 양극산화를 실시하였다. 이후, $55^{\circ}C$ 5~8g/L의 오렌지, 블랙 착색염료(일본 OKUNO 사(社)의 TAC-LH(301), TAC-BLH(411))를 사용하여 착색처리를, $85^{\circ}C$ 초산니켈 수용액에서 봉공처리를 실시하였다. 착색조건으로는 양극산화 시간(5분, 10분, 15분, 20분), 착색 시간(15초, 1분, 2분, 5분) 및 착색 농도(오렌지 -2.5g/L, 5g/L, 7.5g/L, 블랙 - 4g/L, 8g/L, 12g/L)를 변화시켰으며, 산화피막의 색조를 정량 분석하기 위해 분광측색계를 사용하였고 흡착된 염료의 농도를 정량 분석하기 위해서 $55^{\circ}C$, 1M NaOH에 재용해하여 UV-visible로 흡광도를 측정하였다. 양극산화피막의 색조는 양극산화 시간이 길어질수록, 착색시간이 길어질수록, 착색농도가 진할수록 산화피막에 흡착되는 염료의 양이 증가하며 색조가 더 선명해지고 진해지는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 분광측색계로 분석하였을 때 각 전해조건하에서 경향성을 나타내었다. 또한 흡광도 측정을 통해 계산한 염료의 양과 전해조건의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 양극산화 시간이 길어지면 산화피막의 두께가 증가하여 염료가 흡착될 수 있는 표면적이 넓어지고, 착색 시간이 길어지면 동일한 산화피막에 더 많은 염료가 흡착이 된다. 그리고 착색 농도가 진할수록 동일면적, 동일시간 하에서 더 많은 염료가 흡착되어 결과적으로 전해조건이 강해질수록 산화피막의 색조가 진해지는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.431-435
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• 2009

This study was conducted to compare the effect of various LED and UVa light to enhanced coloration of paprika fruits cultivars; 'Special', 'Helsinki'. Immatured paprika fruits were irradiated with red LED, blue LED and UVa lights which were high intensity (red: $50{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, blue: $70{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, UVa: $3{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) and low intensity (red: $20{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, blue: $40{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, UVa: $0.25{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$). The coloration of 'Special' cultivar was increased the fastest in high intensity UVa light for 2 days after treatment. There were no significantly difference among treatments except the low intensity UVa light. The coloration of 'Helsinki' was increased the fastest in blue LED light, and followed by red LED light and UVa light for 2 days after treatment. The $a^*/b^*$ value of 'Special' and $b^*$ value of 'Helsinki' that indicated the paprika fruit coloration were generally higher high intensity LED and UVa lights than low intensity LED and UVa lights. We couldn't find out any significantly different coloration effect among all treatments in final days of coloration. and rather than UVa treatment fruit shrunk the surface of paprika fruits.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.12
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• pp.3151-3156
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• 1998

대학의 시간표 문제를 해결하기 위해서 시간표의 문제는 종종 그래프 착색 알고리즘으로 표현된다. 각 노드를 강좌로, 에지는 연결된 강좌간에는 동일한 시간에 서로 배정이 불가능한 조건으로 표시한다. 그러나 순수한 그래프 착색 알고리즘은 바로 대학의 시간표 문제에 적용하기 곤란하다. 그 이유는 대부분의 시간표 문제에서 강좌는 한시간 이상으로 존재하고 이들은 반드시 연속된 시간에 배정이 되어야 한다는 등의 제약 조건을 갖기 때문이다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위하여 적용된 것이 가중치 그래프 착색 알고리즘이다. 이 경우 각 노드는 강의 시간의 길이의 값을 갖게 된다. 이와 관련된 기존의 연구가 진행되었으나 탐색의 시간이 지수적으로 증가하거나 해의 질이 뛰어나지는 못하였다 라는 단점을 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 새로운 가중치 그래프의 착색 방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of resin infiltration in improving color stability after tooth whitening. Enamel samples were extracted from 40 healthy bovine upper incisors, and primary staining and whitening were performed. After that, specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups : resin infiltration group (n = 15, RI group), resin adhesive group (n = 15, RA group), and control group (n = 10). Secondary staining was performed on all samples. Coloration was assessed 5 times as follows: initial color, immediately after staining, after whitening, after resin application, and after secondary staining. Color was measured using a spectrophotometer and recorded by using the CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color space. The color changes after primary staining for the RI, RA, and control groups were $12.16{\pm}3.50$, $12.16{\pm}3.38$, and $15.81{\pm}6.39$, whereas those after secondary staining were $15.21{\pm}7.19$, $15.93{\pm}4.31$, and $26.62{\pm}17.89$. Color changes after secondary staining showed a significant difference between the RI and control groups. In the within-group comparison between primary and secondary staining, there was no significant difference found in the RI group only (p = 0.26). The results suggest that Color stability after tooth whitening can be improved using resin infiltration.