• Title/Summary/Keyword: 착색도

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A Study on Smalt Pigments Used in Large Buddhist Paintings in the 18th and 19th Centuries (18~19세기 대형 불화에 사용된 회청(Smalt) 안료에 관한 연구)

  • YUN, Jihyeon;KIM, Sojin;KIM, Gyuho
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.120-129
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the chemical composition of smalt pigments used in 10 large Buddhist paintings in the Joseon Dynasty using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and to clarify the material and characteristics by observing morphological characteristics using polarized light microscopy and a scanning electron microscope. Through chemical composition analysis, the smalt of all 10 large Buddhist paintings is judged to be potash glass using SiO2 as a former and K2O as a flux. In addition to the components related to cobalt ore used as a colorant, the paintings were found to contain high levels of As2O3, BaO, and PbO. The smalt particles did not have specific forms, and were blue in color, with various chromaticity. In some particles, conchoidal fracture, spherical bubbles, and impurities were observed. Through backscattered electron images, it was found that the smalt from paintings produced in the early 18th century AD had a high level of As, but the smalt from paintings produced from the mid-18th century AD onwards exhibited various contrast differences from particle to particle, and there was smalt with high levels of As, Ba, and Pb. Through the above results, the large Buddhist paintings in the Joseon Dynasty are divided into three smalt types. Type A is a type with high As2O3, type B is a type with high BaO, and type C is a type with high PbO. Looking at the three types of smalt pigments by the period of production, although some in-between periods were not detected, type A was confirmed to have been used from 1705 to 1808, while type B and type C were shown to have appeared in 1750 and used until 1808. This reveals that only one type of smalt was used until the early 18th century AD, and from the middle of the 18th century AD, several types of smalt were mixed and used in one large Buddhist painting. Studies such as this research are expected to provide insights into the characteristics of the smalt pigments used to produce large Buddhist paintings at the time.

Comparison of Color Stability and Surface Roughness of 3D Printing Resin by Polishing Methods (연마 방법에 따른 3D 프린팅 레진의 색조 안정성과 표면 조도의 비교)

  • Heeju Kim;Yujin Kim;Jongsoo Kim;Joonhaeng Lee;Mi Ran Han;Jisun Shin;Jongbin Kim
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.205-216
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    • 2023
  • This study aimed to compare the color stability and surface roughness of three-dimensional (3D) printing resin according to polishing methods. 3D-printed resin specimens were fabricated at TC-80DP (Graphy, Seoul, Korea) with a stereolithography 3D printer, and the specimens were divided into three groups, each of which was not polished, was polished using Enhance®, and was polished using a Sof-LexTM disc. The CIE L*a*b* value and the surface roughness of each group were measured and immersed in artificial saliva and orange juice after 0, 1, 7, 30, and 60 days, and the color difference (ΔE*) was calculated. As a result of the study, no noticeable color change was observed in artificial saliva, but a noticeable color change was demonstrated in orange juice after 60 days of immersion, and the difference was significant. In the Sof-LexTM group, surface roughness according to the solution was found to be significantly higher in the orange juice than that in artificial saliva. No significant difference in color change was found according to the polishing method, but surface roughness was significantly lower in the Sof-LexTM group than both that of the unpolished group and that of the Enhance® group. Nevertheless, all groups exhibited clinically acceptable properties regardless of their higher surface roughness than the threshold for plaque accumulation. Overall, this study recommends utilizing Sof-LexTM for polishing 3D printing resin when used in primary anterior tooth coverage.

Effects of GA3 Dipping of Time and Concentration on the Rachis Growth and Fruit Quality in 'Campbell Early' Grapevine (포도 '캠벨얼리'에서 GA3의 침지 시기와 농도에 의한 화수(花穗)생장 및 과실품질)

  • Moon, Byung-Woo;Lee, Young-Cheul;Nam, Ki-Woong;Moon, Young-Ji
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.55-66
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    • 2014
  • This study has been conducted to investigate the treatment time and concentration of GA3 solution dipping for labor saving in 'Campbell Early' grapevine. The rachis growth at harvest was reduced by GA3 solution dipping before 5 days flowering, and increased significantly by GA3 solution dipping treatment at full bloom and after 5 days full bloom. GA3 5, 10, 20 mg·L-1 dipping treatment before 5 days flowering and GA3 20 mg·L-1 treatment of full bloom and after 5 days full bloom showed a rachis twist phytotoxicity symptom. The optimum GA3 concentrations for rachis growth promotion without phytotoxicity were 5 mg·L-1 and 10 mg·L-1. The degree of compact berry, bloom, skin color, SSC and acidity at harvest by GA3 solution dipping treatment time between concentration were not different from those of control. But the fruit berry weight was decreased by before 5 days flowering treatment when compared with control. There were no differences in full bloom and after 5 days full bloom treatment. The occurrence percent of berry cracking at before 5 days flowering and after 5 days full bloom treatment were significantly increased by GA3 treatment. The bitter rot occurrence of berry at harvest was not affected by GA3 treatment. Total rachis length of fruit cluster was increased by full bloom and 5 days after full bloom treatment. The length of rachis increased without reference to them position at full bloom and 5 days after bloom treatment. Accordingly, GA3 5 mg·L-1 solution dipping treatment at full bloom and 5 days after full bloom were can be effectively for rachis growth promotion.

Morphological Development, Growth and Survival of Barbour's Seahorse, Hippocampus barbouri (해마류 Hippocampus harbouri의 외부형태 발달과 성장 그리고 생존)

  • Choi Young-Ung;Jung Min-Min;Kim Sung-Chul;Kim Jae-Woo;Lee Jung-Uie;Lee Yoon-Ho;Rho Sum
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.124-132
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    • 2006
  • We have investigated morphological development with growth and survival rates of juvenile for 158 days after parturition to get a basis data in the way of establishment of breeding techniques in the common seahorse species of Barbour's seahorse, Hippocampus barbouri. At 1 day after parturition, seahorse larvae were $8.82\sim10.36mm(mean\;9.48{\pm}0.69mm,\;n=4)$ in standard length (SL) with 17 dorsal fm rays, 14 pectoral fin rays and 4 anal fin rays. At 20 days after parturition, the size of seahorse larvae were $14.37\sim15.79mm(14.97{\pm}0.62mm,\;n=4)$ in SL, snout of seahorse larvae became slender was long, and body was coloration to the full as adult seahorse. At 41 days after parturition, seahorse larvae were grew $20.14\sim24.89mm(22.89{\pm}2.22mm,\;n=4)$ in SL with development of several spines in coronet, and their have 11 trunk rings and 35 tail rings. At 158 days after parturition, seahorse were grew to $59.07\sim63.76mm(61.42{\pm}3.32mm\;n=2)$, and head length (HL), trunk length (TrL) and tail length (TaL) were composed respectively $19.1{\pm}0.3%,\;25.2{\pm}0.7%$ and $55.8{\pm}0.3%$ of SL. In this time, survival rate is 15.6%.