• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.650-663
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to investigate one portion size of menus served and to evaluate nutrient intake of lunch at three elderly care facility food services located in Seoul. A weighed plate method was employed to measure plate wastes and consumption of the menus served. Yield factors were calculated from cooking experiments based on standardized recipes, and were used to evaluate nutrient intake. One hundred elderly participated in this study for measuring plate waste and were asked to complete questionnaire. Nutrient analyses for the served and consumed meal were performed using CAN program. The yield factors of rice dishes after cooking are 2.4 regardless of rice dish types, 1.58 for thick soups, 0.60 to 0.70 for meat dishes, and 1.0 to 1.25 branched vegetable. Average consumption quantity of dishes were 235.97 g for rice, 248.53 g for soup, 72.83 g for meat dishes, 39.80 g for vegetables and 28.36 g for Kimchi. On average the food waste rate is 14.0%, indicating the second highest plate waste percentage of Kimchi (26.2%), and meat/fish dish (17.3%). The evaluation results of NAR (Nutrition Adequacy Ratio) showed that iron (0.12), calcium (0.64), riboflavin (0.80), and folic acid (0.97) were less than 1.0 in both male and female elderly groups, indicating significant differences of NAR among three facilities. Compared to the 1/3 Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs) for the elderly groups, nutrient intake analysis demonstrated that calcium (100%) and iron (100%), followed by riboflavin, vitamin A, and Vitamin B6 did not met of the 1/3 EAR (Estimated Average Requirement). For the nutritious meal management, a professional dietitian should be placed at the elderly care center to develop standardized recipes in consideration of yield factors and the elderly's health and nutrition status.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feeding methods on in vitro ruminal fermentation, total gas and methane production in Hanwoo steers. Six Hanwoo steers fitted with rumen cannula (430 ± 21 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to one of three feeding systems: 1) feeding forage 1 hour after concentrate, 2) feeding concentrate 1 hour after forage, 3) feeding mixed ration. Rumen fluid sampled from each animals was incubated 24 hours with maize or timothy substrates in in vitro. Ruminal pH was increased in feeding method 2 or maize substrate than that of other methods or timothy substrate (P < 0.001). The production of total volatile fatty acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate were increased when steers fed diets using feeding method 1 or rumen fluid was incubated with maize substrate (P < 0.001). Increased production of total gas and methane was observed in feeding method 1 and maize substrate compared to those of other methods or timothy substrate (P < 0.001). Due to the inconsistent results between ruminal fermentation and gas production in this study, further research is required to estimate effects of feeding method on enteric fermentation and gas production in in vivo.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.242-253
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes of guardians, and nutritional status of infants and toddlers as well as the relationships between these variables. Methods: The participants were selected among applicants for low-income family financing provided by the government and included 115 infants and toddlers as well as their guardians. Demographic data, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and nutrition intakes were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire, biochemical examination, and 24 Hour-Recall method. Results: The score for guardians' nutrition knowledge was 12.97 points of a possible 15, and the score for dietary attitudes was 53.38 points of a possible 75. The nutrition knowledge and dietary attitudes showed significant differences by education level (p < 0.05) and family structure (p < 0.05). Energy intakes of subjects aged 6 ~ 24 months and over 25 months were lower than the DRI for Koreans. The intakes of carbohydrates, protein, and fat of subjects aged 6 ~ 24 months and over 25 months showed no significant differences by level of nutrition knowledge or dietary attitudes. The intake of Ca of subjects aged over 12 months showed significant differences by level of nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05). The intakes of Thiamin of subjects aged 6 ~ 11 months and P of subjects aged over 12 months showed significant differences by level of dietary attitudes (p < 0.05). There was a small positive correlation between education level and nutrition knowledge as well as between dietary attitudes. Nutrition knowledge showed a positive correlation with dietary attitudes. There was a positive correlation between nutrition knowledge and Ca, Riboflavin, as well as Vit C levels. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to consider an educational program for increasing the practical application of knowledge to nutrition management for improvement of nutrition intake in infants and toddlers.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.484-492
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• 2012

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on the growth and physiological characteristics of common indoor plant species. Five foliage plant species, Spathiphyllum spp., Ardisia pusilla DC., Syngonium podophyllum, Peperomia pereskiifolia, and Pilea cadierei were potted into plastic pot equipped with round type anisotropic sintered NdFeB permanent magnet inside the pot. The surface magnetic flux density of each magnet was 3,500 G. After 6 months of growth period, the biomass accumulations of Spathiphyllum, A. pusilla, and P. cadierei under SMF were statistically higher than those of controls. Tissue water content also increased under the influence of SMF in most species. The photosynthetic rate of Spathiphyllum under SMF significantly increased but other species showed no significant difference compared with control. Although there was no significant increase in the photosynthetic rates of A. pusilla, and P. cadierei, they showed remarkable increase in total fresh weight under SMF. This suggests that the demand of assimilates for normal metabolism could be decreased under magnetic influence and thereby biomass accumulation could be more favored. But this is not always true for all plant species because P. pereskiifolia in this experiment, showed no changes in both photosynthetic rate and biomass accumulation. Leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll contents were enhanced significantly in most plant species under influence of SMF. Chlorophyll a/b ratio also increased by SMF. Although there might be a limitation depending on plant species, these results suggest that long-term exposure to SMF might allow plant to have an enhanced acclimation capacity against environmental fluctuations and optimal application of SMF could increase the practical use of indoor plants such as an attempt to improve indoor air quality.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_4
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• pp.1173-1183
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• 2023

Over the past 20 years, Korea's overall import and export cargo volume has increased at an average annual rate of approximately 5.3%. About 99% of the cargo is still being transported by sea. Due to recent increases in maritime cargo volume, congestion in maritime logistics has become challenging due to factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and conflicts. Continuous monitoring of ports has become crucial. Various ground observation systems and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data have been utilized for monitoring ports and conducting numerous preliminary studies for the efficient operation of container terminals and cargo volume prediction. However, small and developing countries' ports face difficulties in monitoring due to environmental issues and aging infrastructure compared to large ports. Recently, with the increasing utility of artificial satellites, preliminary studies have been conducted using satellite imagery for continuous maritime cargo data collection and establishing ocean monitoring systems in vast and hard-to-reach areas. This study aims to visually detect ships docked at berths in the Busan New Port using high-resolution satellite imagery and quantitatively evaluate berth utilization rates. By utilizing high-resolution satellite imagery from Compact Advanced Satellite 500-1 (CAS500-1), Korea Multi-Purpose satellite-3 (KOMPSAT-3), PlanetScope, and Sentinel-2A, ships docked within the port berths were visually detected. The berth utilization rate was calculated using the total number of ships that could be docked at the berths. The results showed variations in berth utilization rates on June 2, 2022, with values of 0.67, 0.7, and 0.59, indicating fluctuations based on the time of satellite image capture. On June 3, 2022, the value remained at 0.7, signifying a consistent berth utilization rate despite changes in ship types. A higher berth utilization rate indicates active operations at the berth. This information can assist in basic planning for new ship operation schedules, as congested berths can lead to longer waiting times for ships in anchorages, potentially resulting in increased freight rates. The duration of operations at berths can vary from several hours to several days. The results of calculating changes in ships at berths based on differences in satellite image capture times, even with a time difference of 4 minutes and 49 seconds, demonstrated variations in ship presence. With short observation intervals and the utilization of high-resolution satellite imagery, continuous monitoring within ports can be achieved. Additionally, utilizing satellite imagery to monitor changes in ships at berths in minute increments could prove useful for small and developing country ports where harbor management is not well-established, offering valuable insights and solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.194-201
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• 2005

도시에서의 빛의 연출은 도시의 축을 부각시키고, 가로의 아이덴티티를 연출함으로서 도시의 인지도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한 야간의 경관은 인공조명을 이용한 빛의 연출로 주간과는 다른 빛환경 경관을 연출할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 도시 가로 중에서 상업가로와 주거가로를 대상으로 주 야간의 빛환경 특성을 분석하여, 가로의 용도에 따른 주야간의 빛환경 차이를 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 두 가로의 일정길이에 대하여 수평면조도, 스칼라 조도, 휘도 및 색온도를 측정하였으며 측정결과를 용도별, 주 야별로 비교하여 분석하였다. 측정한 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. (1)수평면조도의 측정 결과, 주간의 주거가로에 비하여 상업가로가 28.8[%] 높게 나타났으며 야간의 경우 87.2[%] 높게 나타났다. (2) 스칼라조도의 측정결과, 스칼라조도의 특성상 전반적으로 균일한 분포를 보이며, 수평면 조도와 마찬가지로 주간에 비하여 야간에 84[%] 높은 값이 측정되었다. (3) 휘도의 측정 결과, 주간 배경에 대한 대상의 휘도비는 상업과 주거가로가 1:2이하로 나타나 조화로운 가로경관을 연출하며, 야간배경에 대한 대상의 휘도비는 상업가로는 1:17로 활기 있는 경관을 연출하고 주거가로는 1:5로 가로경관 이미지에 적당한 강조효과가 나타났다. (4) 색온도의 측정 결과, 주간의 배경은 맑은 하늘의 색온도를 나타냈으며 대상은 상쾌하고 활동적인 이미지의 색온도를 나타내었다. 또한 야간의 경우 상업가로와 주거가로 모두 나트륨 등의 영향을 받아 전반적으로 따뜻한 느낌의 색온도가 연출되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37A no.11
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• pp.952-960
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• 2012

In the distributed video coding (DVC) system, the difference between the side information and the original Wyner-Ziv frame is corrected using channel codes and the additional parity bits are requested through feedback channel if the error is not corrected. The efficient bit rate control is important to use the DVC system in the band-limited channel, such as mobile communication environments. In this paper, the constant bit rate control method in the encoder of the DVC system is proposed. The coding performance as well as the bit rate is efficiently controlled by the proposed method.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference of body composition, metabolic factor, and blood components according to job forms which are job period and job type and stress level for security guard workers. The conclusion is as follows. 1. There were lower level for the body fat with short term and higher level for the lactate with long term according to the job period. 2. There were lower level for the body fat with the field service and higher level for the lactate and stress with the field service according to the job type. In conclusion, it needs to have a continuous physical activity behavior for the security guard workers to manage for their effective health and to have a rest for the field service workers to decrease their physical and mental stress.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.624-633
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• 2009

This study examines farmers' knowledge and perception on the functions and values of wetland and their attitudes on government wetland policies in the state of Illinois in the United States. No significant differences were found in the knowledge of the functions and values of wetland between farmers and non-farmers, although farmers tend to value the importance of wetland less than non-farmers. However, farmers are negative on the importance of protecting wetland and replacing damaged or destroyed wetlands as well as stricter government wetland policies. It suggests that noticeable discrepancy exists between farmers' knowledge of wetland and their practice to protect wetland.

• Journal of Software Engineering Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2019

Recently, in order to effectively test deep neural network model for image processing application, researches have actively conducted to automatically generate data in corner-case that is not correctly predicted by the model. This paper proposes test data generation method that selects arbitrary words from input of system and transforms them into synonyms in order to test the bug reporter automatic assignment system based on sentence classification deep neural network model. In addition, we compare and evaluate the case of using proposed test data generation and the case of using existing difference-inducing test data generations based on various neuron coverages.