• 도로교통
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• s.93
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• pp.80-85
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• 2003

ETC가 보급되면 다양한 요금을 설정할 수 있다. 요금의 다양화는 이론적으로 다른 운전자에게 다른 요금을 부과한다는 차별요금을 의미한다. 차별요금은 그 이름과는 달리 잘 설정한다면 이용자인 운전자에게나 유료도로 운영자 모두에게 이익을 주는 것이다. 요금다양화를 잘 이용하기 위해서는 유료도로 운영자에 대한인센티브 부여가 중요하고, 여기에 주력 할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.325-338
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• 2015

Telemedicine, which gives or receives medical information via ICT (information and communication technology), is regarded as innovation in a medical field and its application is various according to offline conditions. For example, the utilization of telemedicine in Korea is unfair because of the administrative discretion, which is the basic unit of telemedicine for its practical operation, in spite of the same diagnostic area. With this mind, this study investigates the cause of regional differences of telemedicine through a case of Kangwon province. Furthermore, the crucial matter is that regional differences of telemedicine are associated with digital divide; therefore, this research considers digital divide triggered by telemedicine. The core results are as follows. First, there are little measures such as increase of the staff, economic compensation for public officials, education of telemedicine facilities; accordingly, only regions, where can accept these insufficient conditions, manage the telemedicine system. Second, the interesting of a mayor or a governor and a head of a health center as a highest decision maker has something to do with different utilization of telemedicine. Third, public health doctors play a role as practical operators in telemedicine, but their stance is skeptic about telemedicine somewhat because of the relationship with the medical association opposing the implementation of telemedicine, unimproved regional health care condition, etc. Forth, it seems that the digital divide caused by the regional differences of the present telemedicine utilization does not led to tangible results and is not turned to another disparity so far, the proper measures are required considering that various health care services based on telemedicine will be extended.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.580-599
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• 2008

This paper aims at examining the existence and characteristics of regional difference in project finance in Korea. Main results of this paper are as follow. Firstly, regional difference in project finance between capital region and local can be seen partially. However, their characteristics are different from corporate finance. ANOVA tests show significant differences of excess interest rate occur in case of commercial real estate projects and significant differences of contracted terms occur in case of residential real estate projects carried out by local banks. Secondly, key factors causing the regional differences in project finance are asymmetric information for cash flow generated by the project between the capital region and local. Especially, regional differences in project finance are different from those in corporate financing because of local banks$^{\circ}{\phi}$ behaviors. They follow and act as the passive members of nationwide banks in case of the capital region projects. Thirdly, prepaid sale system and the guarantee system depending on construction companies dilute the regional differences in project finance in case of residential real estate projects. Although these systems contributed rapid growth of project finance, they may be the main factors distorting project finance market which lead to financial crisis. In these context, policy implications may be derived in order to solve the confronted problems of project finance market.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.249-267
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• 2021

This study examined how social withdrawal as an individual factor and discrimination as a contextual factor contributed to depression caused by peer victimization among middle school students. Self-reported data of 1,611 students from 86 classrooms in 7 middle schools was analyzed, using multilevel path analysis. The results indicate that peer victimization had a significant partial mediating effect on the relation between social withdrawal and depression at the individual level. Social withdrawal had a direct positive effect on depression as well as an indirect positive effect on depression via high levels of peer victimization. Discrimination also positively predicted peer victimization at the classroom level. Moreover, classroom-level discrimination moderated the individual-level relations between social withdrawal and peer victimization. The relation between social withdrawal and peer victimization was much stronger as the levels of discrimination in the classroom were higher. These findings shed light on the importance of considering both individual and contextual factors when intervening to prevent peer victimization.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.267-279
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out the experience and meaning of discrimination among Korean-Chinese part-time job international students. To this end, after in-depth interviews with nine Korean-Chinese part-time job international students from May to June 2022, the data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological research method. The findings were as follows: New challenges for living expenses and efficient adaptation, this road full of thorns, efforts to adapt beyond discrimination, growth and relationships through part-time jobs turned out to be opportunities. This experience became a process for Korean-Chinese part-time international students to grow further as well as solve economic problems. However, they are subject to multiple discrimination due to their dual status as international students and ethnic Korean-Chinese. Their Korean identity gives a more directed differential experience in the process of working part-time. But in the process, they are still overcoming difficulties. Korean-Chinese international students are growing up by accepting discrimination experiences and adapting to their international life. As a result of the above research, we need education and help to guarantee working human rights for Korean-Chinese part-time students with the development of a multicultural society in the future.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.61-93
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• 2018

This paper examines the gender pay gap among doctorate holders in Korea to understand the determinants of this gap and control of its variation. A particular focus of this study is to seek to infer the extent to which this pay gap is the consequence of gender-based disparate treatment. The main results indicate that there is a sizeable gender pay gap even among workers with doctorate degrees, that is, very highly educated workers. Moreover, this gender pay gap cannot be largely explained by gender differences in characteristics, indicating the existence of discrimination against female doctorate holders in the Korean labor market.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1169-1179
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the elderly's image or appearance to ageism. In this study, image included factors such as image management, external image and self and other's acceptance. To investigate the cause and effect of image to ageism, we purposely collected 315 samples from 4 senior welfare centers in Jeonju and exploited SEM (Structural equation modeling) for 297 cases excluding some cases with missing values. According to the results, first, we found that oneself and others' acceptance of the elderly's external image decreases the experience of ageism. Second, the behavior for image management resulted in oneself and others' acceptance of the image. Third, the behavior for image management positively influenced the external image. Fourth, the elderly's external image caused positive effects on oneself and others' acceptance of the image. Fifth, behavior for image management showed decreasing effects of the ageism experience.

• Survey Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

High fidelity translations of measurement instruments from one language to another are required for meaningful comparisons between cultures. A differential item functioning technique, PSIBTEST was used to assess the degree to which a personality test provided cross-cultural validity across U.S. and Korea. The Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire was administered in English to 844 American college students and in Korean to 538 Korean college students. Results of PSIBTEST classified 23 out of 51 items as significantly biased. Implications of this procedure for translation evaluation are discussed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-95
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• 2007

이 연구의 주된 목적은 IMF 외환위기를 계기로 사회경제적 차별출산력의 양상이 어떻게 변화하였는가를 파악하는 것이다. 이 연구는 2003년 전국출산력조사 자료를 활용하여 20-49세 기혼 여자의 총출생아수와 1998년 이후의 출생아수를 비교분석하였다. 또한, 분석대상을 1997년 이전에 결혼하였거나 재혼한 부인들과 1997년 이후 처음 결혼한 부인들의 두 집단으로 구분하여 출산력 수준과 출산행태를 비교함으로써 IMF 외환우기 이전과 이후의 변화양상을 파악하고자 시도하였다. 총출생아수에 대한 분석 결과. 부부의 사회경제적인 조건과 출산수준은 대체로 뒤집어진 J 자형의 관계를 유지하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 즉 사회경제적 지위가 높아질수록 출산수준이 낮아지는 경향이 발견되었다. 그러나 사회경제적 지위가 가장 높은 집단은 바로 밑의 집단 보다 출산수준이 상대적으로 높았다. 그런데, 최근의 출산수준은 이러한 사회경제적 차별출산력과는 뚜렷하게 대조적인 양상을 나타냈다. IMF 외환위기 이후 출산수준 감소의 폭은 기존의 출산수준과 정비례하는 방식으로 미루어졌다. 출산수준이 높은 집단일수록 급속한 출산력 저하가 이루어졌으며 출산수준이 낮은 집단에서는 상대적으로 변화가 완만하였다. 그 결과, 최근의 출산수준은 중상층에 해당하는 사회경제적 지위를 지닌 집단이 가장 높고, 다음이 최상위 집단, 그리고 하위 집단의 순으로 바뀌었다. 이러한 경향은 부부의 교육수준, 직업, 종사상 지위, 주관적 계층에 따른 최근 출산력의 변화양상에서 일관적으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.3 no.2 s.6
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• pp.61-82
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• 2003

In a new paradigm of competition, firms face a multiple industry in a generation and compete with existing capabilities and resources in a new industry. Firms need to increase dynamic capabilities to adjust to a radical change in terms of technologies for survival and sustainable growth in a new industry. But we lack a clear conceptual model explaining evolutionary process of firms facing a emerging industry with different experiences in a prior industry and where heterogeneity in firms' technological portfolios come from. How we explaining firms' heterogeneity arising in a new industiy? In this article, I suggest hypothesis explaining firms' heterogeneity in a new industry with the concept of existent industry's technological trajectories, available assets, core processes and show the possibility of model to explain the heterogeneity of firms.