• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1421-1426
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• 2014

Many people complain their big or little stress due to the complicated city life in modern times, so they are exposed of the mental illness. Especially, not only students and office workers but also most people suffer from degradation of efficiency at work and keeping the high quality of life because of the insufficiency of concentration ability. To improve the concentration ability, the meditation is a substitution. The influence of meditation for the concentration ability is experimented with EEG brainwave. Some experienced meditators are participated for the experiments, and the left and right portion of prefrontal lobe, AF3 and AF4, are measured and analyzed. As a result, the changes of rhythmic activity of a unique pattern and power spectra are observed.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 2014

The renowned Pareto rule of 80/20 has been challenged in the electronic marketplace with the emergence of long tail economy. Mass customization on top of the Internet infrastructure is expected to explain these changes of product concentration. In this paper, we empirically analyzed the micro-transactional data of a Groupon-like daily deal web site to identify the changes of product and customer concentration. The results show the long tail pattern aligned with the previous research on the e-commerce literature on the long tail. We find that the notification setting on email or SMS about daily deal influences the patterns of sales concentration. The information through email and SMS is expected to enable consumers to know about daily bargains and purchase the coupons eventually. However, the email notification for niche products results in the decreased sales while the SMS notification for overall product promotes overall products.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.69-78
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• 2021

With technological development including digitization, movie demand and supply in digital online movie market are increasing. This study aims to explore demand concentration of the digital online movie market, which is characterized by product variety compared to cinemas. Major findings of the empirical analysis on the TV VOD data during the recent seven years(2013 ~ 2019) are as follows. First, the analysis on 1,137 titles reveals that movie demand of theatrical market is more concentrated than that of TV VOD. Second, absolute long tail index of TV VOD, measured by the download number of indie & artistic movies(niche product), is increasing as more such movies are released in the market. However, both relative long tail index, measured by the share of indie & artistic movie demand, and top-ranked movies' share do not show consistent increase or decrease trend. Third, regression analysis exhibits that the relationship between demand concentration and market size is insignificant for TV VOD market. This study might have usefulness in that it provides empirical evidence for the nature of the Korean digital online movie market.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.247-256
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• 2013

This dissertation is based on the evaluation of service by the home help service users and suggested managing strategy through analyzing importance and performance. The subject is a person receiving the service from the three home long term institutions in S city, Gangwon province, and SPSS 12.0 is used to analyze data to conduct analysis of basic statistic, confidence level, and factors. The result came out that home help service's importance showed 4.55 out of 5, performance 4.26 out of 5. The most improvement needed factor was 'providing quick service' and 'offer service at ease'. Also it seemed that the four categories in tangibles and four categories in reliability and assurance, one category in responsiveness and empathy needs to be improved. The three in reliability and assurance and five properties in responsiveness and empathy need to remain its strength. In conclusion, in order to better the home help service first the progress result in focus improvement area needs to be achieved.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.445-457
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• 2013

This paper aims to investigate changes in the characteristics of urban spatial structure in Korea by regional groups and city size between 2000 and 2010. The characteristics of urban spatial structure is analyzed by Clark's population gradient curve in this paper. Therefore key parameters in population gradient function, such as population density gradients and population density in CBD represent the characteristics of urban spatial structure. The result shows that most of cities in Korea have experienced suburbanization rather than concentration, but small-size cities have experienced concentration during the period.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.222-222
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• 2018

최근 이상기후로 인한 집중호우의 증가로 인해 하천의 홍수방어능력을 초과하는 침수피해가 급증하고 있다. 특히, 제주도는 태풍의 길목에 위치하고 있는 강우량이 약 2,061mm에 달하는 우리나라 최다우 지역으로 평시에는 건천인 상태의 하천이 집중호우 시 급격한 유출 발생으로 하류도심지역에 하천 범람으로 인한 많은 피해가 발생하고 있다. 제주도에서는 이를 방어하기 위해 하도 내 첨두 홍수량을 조절하여 하류지역의 피해를 경감시키기 위한 구조물인 저류지를 상류에 설치하여 운영하고 있다. 하지만 저류지의 건설을 통한 실제 홍수조절효과에 대한 정량적인 분석은 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 태풍 '나리' 때 가장 큰 피해가 발생한 한천의 한천1, 2 저류지를 대상지역으로 선정하여 2차원 수치모형인 Nays2d Flood 모형을 활용한 한천 저류지의 운영에 따른 홍수조절효과를 분석하였다. 지형자료는 드론을 활용하여 측정된 약 7cm 간격의 정밀한 하상 측량자료를 사용하였고, 태풍 '차바' 발생 시 계측된 저류지내의 수심 측정 센서 자료를 활용하여 모형의 검보정을 수행하였다. 보정된 모의결과를 활용하여 태풍 '차바' 때의 저류지가 활용되는 모습을 재현할 수 있었고, 이를 통해서 현재 설치된 저류지의 구조적인 문제점과 운영방법에 따른 홍수조절효과 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 저류지 설계 시 사용된 100년 빈도의 설계 홍수량을 바탕으로 모의를 수행하여, 기존에 제시된 한천저류지의 홍수 저감량과의 비교를 통해서 실제 저류지의 운영에 따른 홍수조절효과를 정량적으로 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.256-256
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• 2023

집중호우는 전 세계적으로 큰 기후변화 문제 중 하나다. 극심한 집중호우의 빈도수는 지구 온난화로 인해 지난 세기 중반 이후부터 점차 증가하고 있으며 그로인한 인적 및 물적인 피해 또한 증가하고 있다. 이러한 손상을 방지하기 위해서는 적절한 설계 홍수량을 계산하는 것이 중요하다. 최근에는 미계측지역의 유출량 추정 시 분포형 강우-유출 모델을 이용한다. 분포형 모델의 가장 큰 장점은 소유역의 분할 과정을 거칠 필요 없이 유역에서 무작위 점의 유출을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 2000년 11월 니스에 발생했던 강우를 기반으로 Var 유역의 소유역이자 미계측 지역인 프랑스 니스의 Ubac Vallone의 유출량 및 유출계수를 지형 데이터 등의 물리적 인자와 분포형 강우-유출모델인 MIKE SHE를 이용하여 추정하였다. 또한, 입력되는 인자의 상대적 중요성을 파악하기 위해 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 각 인자에 대한 상대민감도 분석을 바탕으로, 유출량에 상대적으로 큰 영향을 미치는 인자를 제안하였다. 연구 결과, 50년, 100년 및 162년 빈도별 확률강우량에 따른 유출량을 추정하였으며, 162년의경우 총 유출량은 124,384.8m³, 최대 유출량 1.512m³/s, 유출계수 0.53으로 나타났다. 총 유출량과 첨두유량에 대한 상대 민감감도 분석 결과, 수리전도도가 1.5로 첨두유량과의 민감도가 높게 나타났으며, 대수층의 수평방향 수리전도도는 0.48로 총 유출량과의 민감도가 높게 나타났다

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.78
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• pp.141-176
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• 2016

This study investigates changes of market structure from 2001 to 2015 in the Korean daily newspaper industry using concentration and mobility measures. The main empirical results are as follows. First, the industry's total asset shows a U-shaped trend, despite the downward trend of the industry's total sales revenue. Second, the market concentration, measured in terms of assets, shows the trend of an inverted-U shape. The relatively small firms, measured in terms of assets, have on average gained in market share while the relatively large firm have lost. Third, market concentration, measured in terms of sales revenues, shows a U-shaped trend. the relatively small firms, measured in terms of sales revenues, have on average gained in market share while the relatively large firm have lost. My central argument has been that it is desirable to supplement traditional concentration measures with mobility statistics and trend analyses in investigating and regulating market structure.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.51-69
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• 2020

Now, it is a stylized fact that a small number of technology firms such as Apple, Alphabet, Microsoft, Amazon, Facebook and a few others have become larger and dominant players in an industry. Coupled with the rise of these leading firms, we have also observed that a large number of young firms have become an acquisition target in their early IPO stages. This indeed results in a sharp decline in the number of new entries in public exchanges although a series of policy reforms have been promulgated to foster competition through an increase in new entries. Given the observed industry trend in recent decades, a number of studies have reported increased concentration in most developed countries. However, it is less understood as to what caused an increase in industry concentration. In this paper, we uncover the mechanisms by which industries have become concentrated over the last decades by tracing the changes in industry concentration associated with a firm's status change in its early IPO stages. To this end, we put emphasis on the case in which firms are acquired shortly after they went public. Especially, with the transition to digital-based economies, it is imperative for incumbent firms to adapt and keep pace with new ICT and related intelligent systems. For instance, after the acquisition of a young firm equipped with AI-based solutions, an incumbent firm may better respond to a change in customer taste and preference by integrating acquired AI solutions and analytics skills into multiple business processes. Accordingly, it is not unusual for young ICT firms become an attractive acquisition target. To examine the role of M&As involved with young firms in reshaping the level of industry concentration, we identify a firm's status in early post-IPO stages over the sample periods spanning from 1990 to 2016 as follows: i) being delisted, ii) being standalone firms and iii) being acquired. According to our analysis, firms that have conducted IPO since 2000s have been acquired by incumbent firms at a relatively quicker time than those that did IPO in previous generations. We also show a greater acquisition rate for IPO firms in the ICT sector compared with their counterparts in other sectors. Our results based on multinomial logit models suggest that a large number of IPO firms have been acquired in their early post-IPO lives despite their financial soundness. Specifically, we show that IPO firms are likely to be acquired rather than be delisted due to financial distress in early IPO stages when they are more profitable, more mature or less leveraged. For those IPO firms with venture capital backup have also become an acquisition target more frequently. As a larger number of firms are acquired shortly after their IPO, our results show increased concentration. While providing limited evidence on the impact of large incumbent firms in explaining the change in industry concentration, our results show that the large firms' effect on industry concentration are pronounced in the ICT sector. This result possibly captures the current trend that a few tech giants such as Alphabet, Apple and Facebook continue to increase their market share. In addition, compared with the acquisitions of non-ICT firms, the concentration impact of IPO firms in early stages becomes larger when ICT firms are acquired as a target. Our study makes new contributions. To our best knowledge, this is one of a few studies that link a firm's post-IPO status to associated changes in industry concentration. Although some studies have addressed concentration issues, their primary focus was on market power or proprietary software. Contrast to earlier studies, we are able to uncover the mechanism by which industries have become concentrated by placing emphasis on M&As involving young IPO firms. Interestingly, the concentration impact of IPO firm acquisitions are magnified when a large incumbent firms are involved as an acquirer. This leads us to infer the underlying reasons as to why industries have become more concentrated with a favor of large firms in recent decades. Overall, our study sheds new light on the literature by providing a plausible explanation as to why industries have become concentrated.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41
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• pp.49-56
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• 1990

본 연구는 한반도 전체의 2207 Mesh에 입력된 기온과 강수량의 6개요소를 데이터로 하여 인자분석하고 그 결과를 군화분석하여 한반도의 기후구분을 시도한 것이다. 결과로 나타난 기후구는 기발표된 여러 기후구와 유사성이 많아, 데이터로 택한 변수가 연평균 기온, 최난월 및 최한월 기온, 전년강수량, 여름 및 겨울 강수량 등 6개에 불과했음에도 불구하고 한반도의 기후의 특징이 잘 나타난 지리구라고 판단된다. 이것은 우리나라의 기후가 기온과 강수량, 특히 그 연평균치 및 계절적 집중도에 의하여 크게 지배되고 있음을 다시 한번 입증시켜 주는 것이라 생각된다. 그러나 뚜렷한 기후 특성을 지니고 있는 울릉도가 하나의 기후구로 나타나지 않는것은 적설량이나, 연간 강수일수 등 울릉도의 기후 특성을 나타낼 수 있는 변수가 입력되지 않았고, 울릉도의 기후현상이 나타날 정도로 기후구가 세분화되지 않은데 있는것으로 짐작된다. 본 연구에서 제시한 8개 기후구를 교과서용 기후구분의 12개 기후구와 비교해 보면, 북부내륙과 북부동안 기후구가 거의 같은 것을 비롯하여 여러면에서 공통성을 발견할 수 있다. 그러나 교과서용 구분의 내륙형과 해안형, 특해 서안형과 의 구분은 본 연구의 기후구와 비교할 때 지나치게 도식화한 느낌이 든다.