• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

Purpose : It is now understood that blood pressure (BP) measurement in the routine pediatric examination is very important because of the relevance of childhood BP to pediatric health care and the development of adult essential hypertension. There hasn't been a reference table of BP for Korean children and adolescents up to now. This study was to make normative BP references and to provide criteria of hypertension for Korean children and adolescents. Methods : BP measurements were done on 57,433 Koean children and adolescents (male: 29,443, female: 27,990), aged 7 to 20 years, in 2005. Heights and weights were measured simultaneously. Oscillometric devices, Dinamap Procare 200 (GE Inc., Milwaukee, Wi, USA), were used for the measurements. BPs were measured 2 times and mean levels were gathered for the analysis. Outliers of 2,373 subjects with overweight per height, over ＋3SD, were excluded for the analysis. For the BP centiles adjusted by sex, age and height, fixed modified LMS method which was adopted from the mixed effect model of 2004 Task Force in NHLBI (USA) was used. Results : Normative BP tables for Korean children and adolescents adjusted for height percentiles (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th), gender (male, female) and age(7 to 18 years) were completed. Height centiles of Korean children and adolescents are available from Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention homepage, http://www.cdc.go.kr/webcdc/. Criteria of hypertension (95th, 99th percentile) and normal range of BP (50th, 90th) adjusted for height percentiles, age and gender were made. Conclusion : This is the first study to make normative BP tables and define hypertension for the Korean children and adolescents. Reliability and accuracy of Dinamap Procare 200 oscillometer for BP measurements remains debatable.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.576-583
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• 2008

Purpose : The identification of specific behaviors conducive to overeating or inactivity is the cornerstone of obesity management. The Committee on Nutrition of the Korean Pediatric Society developed parent and self-reporting questionnaires about eating behavior and physical activity in 2006. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the questionnaires in assessing modifiable lifestyle factors related to obesity. Methods : A retrospective chart review was performed for 177 children (6-11 years old) and 134 adolescents (12-16 years old) from 10 hospitals between May 2006 and January 2007 who had completed parent or self-reporting questionnaires. Cases were divided into normal and overweight groups at or above the age-gender-specific 85th percentile based on 2007 Korean national growth charts. Results : Compared to children, the adolescents tended to have a significantly more sedentary lifestvle and inappropriate dietary behaviors significantly (P<.05). Overweight mothers were significantly associated with overweight children and adolescents (P<.05). Being overweight was significantly associated with a family history of adult diseases for children and adolescents (P<.05). Inappropriate eating behaviors (strong appetite, eating fast, eating until they were full, binge eating, favoring greasy foods) were associated with being overweight in children and adolescents. Sedentary activity such as TV viewing and using a computer were significantly associated with overweight in children and adolescents (P<.05). Conclusion : Intervention to modify obesity-related lifestyle factors is needed before adolescence. These questionnaires are useful in identifying modifiable lifestyle factors and in individual counseling for overweight children and adolescents in pediatric clinics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2010

Purpose : Results of the Korea National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children, which was launched in November 2007, were evaluated for future research and policy development. Methods : Data from a total of 2,729,340 cases were analyzed. Five visiting ages, such as 4, 9, 18, 30, and 60 months, were included. Several parameters such as stunting, obesity, and positive rate of developmental screening were also analyzed. Telephone survey was performed in 1,035 users. For the provider survey, 262 doctors participated in our study. Results : The overall participation rate of users was 35.3%. This participation rate showed a decrement tendency to old age and low income. Only 6.9% of users participated in oral screening. Health screening was performed mainly in private clinics (82.6%). The recall rate of 4 months program users at the age of 9 months was 57.3%. The positive rate of screening was 3.1%, and was higher in the low-income group. By telephone survey, users reported that questionnaires were not difficult (94%) and overall satisfaction was good (73%). Longer duration of counseling was related with more satisfied users. Counseling and health education were helpful to users (73.2%). Doctors agreed that this program was helpful to children (98.5%). Conclusion : Korea National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children was launched successfully. Participation rate should be improved, and a quality control program needs to be developed. More intensive support following this program for children of low-income families may lead to effective interventions in controlling health inequality. Periodic update of guidelines is also needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.147-157
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• 2018

Since Google launched a prediction service for influenza-like illness(ILI), studies on ILI prediction based on web search data have proliferated worldwide. In this regard, this study aims to build short-term predictive models for ILI in Korea using ILI and web search data and measure the performance of the said models. In these proposed ILI predictive models specific to Korea, ILI surveillance data of Korea CDC and Korean web search data of Google and Naver were used along with the ARIMA model. Model 1 used only ILI data. Models 2 and 3 added Google and Naver search data to the data of Model 1, respectively. Model 4 included a common query used in Models 2 and 3 in addition to the data used in Model 1. In the training period, the goodness of fit of all predictive models was higher than 95% ($R^2$). In predictive periods 1 and 2, Model 1 yielded the best predictions (99.98% and 96.94%, respectively). Models 3(a), 4(b), and 4(c) achieved stable predictability higher than 90% in all predictive periods, but their performances were not better than that of Model 1. The proposed models that yielded accurate and stable predictions can be applied to early warning systems for the influenza pandemic in Korea, with supplementary studies on improving their performance.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.326-330
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• 2009

본 연구는 일반 성인남성과 직업군인의 건강형태 및 의료이용에 대해서 2005년도 국민건강 영양조사의 자료를 질병관리본부로부터 획득하여 분석하였고 그 결과를 보면 전체조사 대상자는 8,384명으로 21세~55세의 일반성인남성과 직업군인만을 선정하였으며, 직업군인은 76명, 일반 성인 남자는 8,308명이었다. 보건의식 행태 분포에서 보면 현재 흡연상태는 일반인에 비해 직업군인이 높고, 주관적 체격인식은 일반인의 경우 비만 또는 매우 비만이라 인지하는 비율이 직업군인에 비하여 높게 나타났지만, 실제로 지난 1년간 체중조절 여부는 일반인이 오히려 직업군인에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한 직업군인의 보건의식 행태는 평균 연령(p<0.05)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 월간 침상와병일수는 직업군인이 상대적으로 높았으나 월간 결석, 결근일수는 오히려 낮게 나타났다. 더불어 월간 결석, 결근일수(p<0.05)는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타났다. 연간 입원이용율은 일반인이 높았으며, 평균 재원일수, 건당 평균 입원기간은 일반인에 비해 직업군인이 길었다. 2주간 외래 이용율은 일반인이 17.2%, 직업군인이 21.6%로 직업 군인의 외래이용이 많았고, 평균 외래이용 횟수에서도 일반인이 1.92, 직업군인이 2.44로 직업군인이 많았다. 이용한 보건의료기관의 종류에서는 일반인은 의원급이, 직업군인은 병원급의 외래이용이 많았고 2주간 약국 이용율은 직업군인이 16.2%로 일반인 22.0% 에 비하여 낮았다. 연간 사고 및 중독 발생자율은 직업군인이 9.5로 일반인 7.9에 비하여 높게 나타 났으며, 사고 및 중독 발생횟수에서는 일반인이 직업군인에 비하여 높았다. 의도성별 분포(p<0.05), 주치료기관(p<0.05)은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 일반적 특성, 보건의식행태, 건강수준의 분석 및 일반적 특성을 보정한 상태에서 일반 성인남성과 직업군인의 보건의식 행태와 의료이용 분포를 비교 분석한 것으로 향후 직업군인의 건강 증진을 위한 효과적인 교육과 정책수립에 필요한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대해 본다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-133
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, we analyzed the progression and prevalence of myopia according to age for the last five years. Methods: We have done a comparative analysis of the progression and prevalence of myopia with the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey document from 2008 to 2012. Results: According to classification of myopia by age group for the last five years, the prevalence of low myopia was 25.5% for 5-11ages group, 25.1% for 12-18ages, 27.3% for 19-29ages, 30.7% for 30-39ages, 29.6% for 40-49ages, 19.2% for 50-59ages, 11.8% for 60-69ages, and 20.2% for over 70ages respectively. The prevalence of moderate myopia was 21.7% for 5-11ages group, 43.6% for 12-18ages, 36.2% for 19-29ages, 30.0% for 30-39ages, 20.4% for 40-49ages, 9.9% for 50-59ages, 5.2% for 60-69ages, and 7.6% for over 70ages respectively. The prevalence of high myopia was 2.1% for 5-11ages group, 11.7% for 12-18ages, 11.5% for 19-29ages, 6.9% for 30-39ages, 5.6% for 40-49ages, 1.9% for 50-59ages, 1.5% for 60-69ages, and 1.0% for over 70ages respectively. Conclusions: We must recognize an importance to the increase of the progression and prevalence of myopia, so it is necessary to provide a social interest in prevention of deteriorating vision and eye health welfare.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.777-789
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• 2020

COVID-19 has been rapidly spread world wide since late December 2019. In this paper, our interest is to estimate distribution of incubation time defined as period between infection of virus and the onset. Due to the limit of accessibility and asymptomatic feature of COVID-19 virus, the exact infection and onset time are not always observable. For estimation of incubation time, interval censoring technique is implemented. Furthermore, a competing risk model is applied to estimate the case fatality and cure fraction. Based on the result, the mean incubation time is about 5.4 days and the fatality rate is higher for older and male patient and the cure rate is higher at younger,female and asymptomatic patient.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.117-130
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• 2021

The government's social distancing policy and concerns about COVID-19 are increasing restrictions on outdoor leisure activities. Based on the decrease in outdoor leisure activities and the increase in indoor leisure activities, The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between the degree of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 and the number of VOD views. This study conducted a time series analysis for 348 days from February 18, 2020 to January 31, 2021. Data were collected from the number of daily VOD views provided by the Korean Film Council and the number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The analysis showed that the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has a significantly positive effect on the number of daily movie VOD views at the 5% significance level. This results indicate that the more confirmed cases of COVID-10, the more people watch movie VOD as indoor leisure activities. While previous studies examined the relationship between the confirmed cases of COVID-19 and indoor leisure activities in general, this study tried to academically contribute by analyzing the impact on specific indoor leisure activities. The practical implications of this study are as follows. The results of this study show that efficient promotions are possible based on significant social issues, such as infectious diseases. According to the results, promotions that respond quickly to changes are more effective than long-term promotions considering the climate or seasons. Due to the limitations of the data, the current study was conducted based only on PPV, but future research should also consider various billing forms such as PPM and SVOD.

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2022

The purpose of this study attempted to provide basic data for the safety awareness intervention program by identifying smoking, drinking and safety awareness survey using raw data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VIII-1, 2019). The self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the gender, age, smoking, drinking, and safety awareness. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for the general characteristics according to gender and the difference between smoking and drinking. positive thinking, emotional expressivity, public speaking anxiety. The SPSS WIN 23.0 version program was used for data analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used for the general characteristics according to gender and the difference between smoking and drinking. There were significant difference between wearing a seat belt while driving and smoking for life (𝑥²=6581.46, p<.001). Among safety awareness, there was a statistically significant difference between wearing a seat belt while driving and lifelong drinking experience (𝑥²=6421.29, p<.001). It is considered that this can be used to prepare a customized smoking prevention education and alcohol prevention education intervention program to improve safety awareness.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2008

Purpose : Since 1967, The Korean Pediatric Society and Korean Government have developed Korean Growth Standards every 10 years. Last version was published in 1998. During past 40 years, Korean Growth Standards were mainly descriptive charts without any systematic nor statistical standardization. With the global epidemic of obesity, many authorities such as World Health Organization (WHO) and United States' Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have been changed their principles of growth charts to cope with the situations like ours. This article summarizes and reviews the whole developmental process of new 2007 Korean Growth Charts with discussion. Methods : With the initiative of Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we have performed new national survey for the development of new Standards in 2005 and identified marked increase of childhood obesity and plateau of secular increment of final height in late adolescents. We have developed new Growth Standards via adapting several innovative methods, including standardization of all available raw data, which were acquired in 1997 and 2005 national survey and full application of LMS method. Results : We could get new standardized charts; weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, weight-for-height, head circumference-for-age and BMI-for-age. Other non-standardized charts based on 2005 survey data were also published; waist circumference-for-age, mid-arm circumference-for-age, chest circumference-for-age and skinfold-for-age. Clinical guideline was also developed. Conclusion : Developmental process and results of new Korean Growth Charts are comparable with other internationally well-known Growth Standards, WHO 2006 Growth Standards and CDC Growth Charts. 2007 Korean Growth Charts are relevant especially in Korea and Korean ethnic groups.