• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2004

In dynamic systems, such as social and economic systems, complex interactions emerge among its members. In that case, their behaviors become adaptive according to Changing environment. In many cases, an individual's behaviors can be modeled by a stimulus-response system in a dynamic environment. In this paper, we use the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) game, which is simple yet capable of dealing with complex problems, to model the dynamic systems. We propose strategic coalition consisting of many agents and simulate their emergence in a co-evolutionary learning environment. Also we introduce the concept of confidence for agents in a coalition and show how such confidences help to improve the generalization ability of the whole coalition. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that co-evolutionary learning with coalitions and confidence allows better performing strategies that generalize well.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2000

There is much selective confliction in nature where selfish and rational individuals exists. Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) game deals with this problem, and has been used to study on the evolution of cooperation in social, economic and biological systems. So far, there has been much work about the relationship of the number of players and cooperation, strategy learning as a machine learning and the effect of payoff functions to cooperation. In this paper, We attempt to investigate the cooperative coalition size according to payoff functions, and observe the relationship of localization and the evolution of cooperation in NIPD (N-player IPD) game. Experimental results indicate that cooperative coalition size increases as the gradient of the payoff function for cooperation becomes steeper than that of defector's payoff function, or as the minimum coalition size gets smaller, Moreover, the smaller the neighborhood of interaction is, the higher the cooperative coalition emerges through the evolution of population.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.278-286
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• 2020

The prisoner's dilemma game which is a representative example of game theory is being studied with interest by many economists, social scientists, and computer scientists. In recent years, many researches on computational approaches that apply evolutionary computation techniques such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization have been actively conducted to analyze prisoner dilemma games. In this study, we intend to evolve a strategy for a iterated prisoner dilemma game participating two or more players using three different binary particle swarm optimization techniques. As a result of experimenting by applying three kinds of binary particle swarm optimization to the iterated prisoner's dilemma game, it was confirmed that mutual cooperation can be established even among selfish participants to maximize their own gains. However, it was also confirmed that the more participants, the more difficult to establish a mutual cooperation relationship.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.149-158
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• 2011

This study investigated the types and characteristics of arcade games that have marked the beginning of the game industry. Arcade game equipment have been largely evolved from 'mechanical arcade game equipment' to 'electro-mechanical arcade game equipment', and to 'video arcade game equipment' In these evolution processes, arcade games have had unique characteristics distinct from other game platforms. These characteristics included the properties of 'space' and 'time', 'original form of gameplay', 'simple interface' and 'performance feasibility.' The recent stagnation of arcade games was due to the fact that the characteristics of arcade games started to lose their unique characteristics since these were also spread to other platform of games.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.07a
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• pp.123-126
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• 2023

최근 몇 년간 게임 산업은 급격한 성장을 보이며, 이에 따라 게임교육 역시 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이전까지는 게임이 악영향을 미치는 것으로 일반적인 인식이 있었으나, 현재는 게임을 학습에 활용하는 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 게임이 교육 분야에도 활용될 수 있다는 아이디어는 이미 과거부터 제시되어 왔지만, 최근에는 이러한 아이디어가 혁신적인 게임교육 분야로 진화하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 차세대 게임교육의 발전 방향을 살펴보고, 인공지능, 가상현실 및 협력학습 기술이 어떻게 게임교육에 적용될 수 있는지 논의할 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.29-42
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• 2004

With the development of hardware and 3D graphic technologies since the 1990s, video games have been evolving in the direction in which they wholly pursue illusions and movie formats, and thus they are considered to be media centered on spectacles. However, video games, due to their inherent characteristics, cannot be transparent media like the existing spectacular entertainments centering on optical illusions. In their structure, there can be found elements that continually disillusion players from visions. Strictly speaking, players are not lost in visions, but are kept a certain distance from internal contexts. Games rely not on illusion but on contracts with players which are similar to a kind of convention, clearing internal imperfections. This paper aims to identify and analyze disillusioning elements and discuss theatrical contacts between players and games. The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the awareness of video games as a spectacle entertainment and to help discover future directions for game culture.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.573-576
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• 2009

온라인게임에서 협업시스템은 유저와 기업, 기업과 기업, 기업과 유통, 기업과 정부, 유저와 유저 간 등에서 활발하게 작동된다. 이와 같은 협업시스템은 온라인게임의 개발과 시장진입과정에서 주도적인 역할을 한다. 온라인게임이 해외수출이라는 새로운 계기를 맞게 되면서, 한정된 공간에서 운용되던 로컬 협업시스템은 글로벌이라는 새로운 환경변화에 따라 변화하게 되었다. 각 국가별로 구조화된 협업시스템은 네트워크를 통해 확장되고 정교화되며, 글로벌과정을 통해 최적화된다. 본 논문에서는 한국과 중국의 온라인게임 산업의 글로벌 협업시스템이 각 산업 내부에서 어떻게 구조화되고 최적화하며, 해외진출 과정에서 어떻게 변화하고 진화하는 지 살펴봄으로써 한국 온라인게임 기업의 해외진출에 새로운 대안을 제시하고자 했다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.310-312
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• 2002

반복적 죄수의 딜레마게임은 복잡한 사회현상들을 모델링 하기 위하여 주로 사용되는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 집단을 협동으로 진화시키는데 있어서 전략적 연합을 이용하는 방법과 전략적 연합에 속해 있는 전략들이 연합의 의사를 결정할 때 어떠한 방법을 선택할 경우 더 빠르고 안정적으로 진화하는가에 대한 실험 결과를 제시한다. 의사결정방법으로는 신경망으로 결합에 주로 사용되는 투표방법 Borda 함수, Condorect 함수, 평균방법 그리고 최고이득 함수방법 등을 사용하였다. 실험결과 최고이득 함수 방법이 가장 좋은 결과를 보였으며 결합 방법에 따라 다소 상이한 결과를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.313-316
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• 2005

공진화 알고리즘은 두 개 이상의 개체군이 상호작용하며 진화하는 알고리즘이다. 기존의 진화 알고리즘이 하나의 개체군으로 구성된 정적인 적합도 지형에서 해를 찾는 방식임에 반해 공진화 알고리즘은 두개 이상의 개체군이 동적인 적합도 지형을 제공하여 더 강건하고 빠른 수렴성을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 GA가 풀기 어려운 GA-hard problem을 풀기 위하여 저자가 제안한 3가지 공진화 모델을 설명한다. 첫번째 모델은 찾고 자하는 해와 환경을 각각 경쟁하는 개체군으로 구성해 진화하는 방법으로 사용자의 환경설정에 의해 지역적 해를 찾는 것을 방지하는 경쟁적 공진화 알고리즘이다. 두 번째 모델은 찾고자하는 해와 이를 보조하는 스키마를 각각 개체군으로 구성해 진화하는 스키마 공진화 알고리즘이다. 세 번째 알고리즘은 해를 구성하는 부분을 두 개의 개체군으로 나누고 두 개체군이 서로 게임을 통해 진화하도록 하는 게임이론에 기반한 공진화 알고리즘이다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.14
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• pp.151-164
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• 2008

Cross platform game has brought about the expansion of game market, which results in technology innovation overcoming the limit of game consumption. The new model integrates both off and online game services. Gamers can now enjoy game service regardless of age, time, and space. If the technology evolution model of digital contents like cross-platform game engine can provide contents for several platform at the same time, the interactive service can be utilized into maximum level. It is also necessary to allocate, switch data as well as to innovate the transmission technology of data according to each platform. Providing the same contents for several platform as many as possible can be the most suitable strategy to enhance the efficiency and profits. However if the interactive service can be accomplished completely, the development of data switching technology and distribution should be made. To be a leader in the next digital contents market, one should develop the network engine technology which can embody the optimization of consumption in the interactive network service.